Target diameter cutting experiments
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1 Target diameter cutting experiments Lars Drössler, Per-Magnus Ekö, Nils Fahlvik Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre
2 Overview Background: Target diameter cutting in Germany Experimental sites in Sweden One experiment in south Sweden Method Estimates of future growth, harvest intervals and ingrowth (if wanted: economic comparison to clearcut and planted spruce) Effect of initial diameter distributions Conclusion
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5 - Transition zone from nemoral to boreal forests mm precipitation 6.7 C mean annual temp. (vegetation period 215 days) - Soil type podsol above sandy morain - Vegetation type Vaccinium myrtillus forest, moist site, G32
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7 Initial diameter distribution T/TS TN 1 2 Pine Spruce Birch Oak Beech
8 ...? start of simulation removals after MAI end of simulation Species N BA dg Vol 25 years 45 years BA Vol N BA dg Vol [ha -1 ] [m²/ha] [cm] [m³/ha] [m²/ha] [m³/ha] [m²/ha] [m³/ha] [m²/ha] [m³/ha] [ha -1 ] [m²/ha] [cm] [m³/ha] Spruce Pine Birch Beech Oak Total
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10 Regeneration and ingrowth studies in two- or multi-layered spruce-dominated forests in Northern Europe annual height annual threshold tree tree size tree age seedling mortality growth ingrowth of ingrowth forest type study type author species [cm] [a] density [N/ha] [%] [cm/a] [N/ha+a] [cm] spruce ca. 30 shelterwood observation Granhus et al. (2008) spruce < 20 height 10 uneven-aged observation Nilson and Lundqvist (2001) spruce uneven-aged observation Chrimes and Nilson (2005) multiple height 130 uneven-aged observation Saksa (2004) spruce < height 130 uneven-aged observation Lundqvist (1995) multiple shelterwood observation Holgén and Hånell (2000) spruce Hmean shelterwood observation Glöde (2002) spruce Hdom shelterwood observation Glöde (2002) spruce uneven-aged observation Nilson and Lundqvist (2001) spruce multi-storied observation Chrimes and Nilson (2005) spruce probably shelterwood observation Örlander and Karlsson (2000) multiple uneven-aged observation Kolström (1993) spruce average ca. 5 uneven-aged modelling Eerikäinen (2007) spruce cm dbh multi-storied observation Chrimes and Nilson (2005) spruce 1-6% of saplings dbh 4 overall modelling Wikberg (2004) spruce 2-4% of saplings dbh 4 stand-specific modelling Wikberg (2004) spruce approx. 2-7 dbh 5 "uneven-sized" modelling Pukkala et al. (2009) (BA m²/ha) spruce 4-14 dbh 8.5 uneven-aged observation Lundqvist (1989) multiple 5-12 dbh 9 multi-storied observation Lähde et al. (2002) spruce 13 dbh 7 even-aged observation Tremer (2008)
11 Scenario without scarification after scarification regeneration annual annual regeneration annual final ingrowth reference height ingrowth reference height with 5 cm dbh growth with 5 cm dbh growth Minimum advanced last 1 tree/ha scarification last 1000 trees/ha regeneration 3-years under 3-years in gaps in gaps of the shelterwood of the (equal to current (2000 spruce current 2% annual regen. trees/ha or regen. mortality) in gaps 1000 birch and in gaps (tab. 13) 1000 pine trees) Medium advanced 20 cm 4 trees/ha scarification 20 cm 2000 trees/ha regeneration under in gaps in gaps shelterwood (stem number (5000 spruce reduced by trees/ha or cleaning at the 2500 birch and next harvest) 2500 pine trees) Maximum advanced 30 cm 10 trees/ha scarification 30 cm 2000 trees/ha regeneration under in gaps in gaps shelterwood (stem number (20000 spruce reduced by trees/ha or cleaning at the birch and next harvest) pine trees)
12 Tree number/ha Tree number/ha Tree number/ha Tree number/ha Tree number/ha Tree number/ha Tree number/ha Simuleted diameter distrubution after target diameter cutting yrs dbh [2 cm classes] minimum scenario after 25 yrs medium scenario after 25 yrs maximum scenario after 25 yrs dbh [2 cm classes] dbh [2 cm classes] dbh [2 cm classes] minimum scenario after 50 yrs medium scenario after 50 yrs maximum scenario after 50 yrs oak beech birch spruce pine dbh [2 cm classes] dbh [2 cm classes] dbh [2 cm classes]
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14 Conclusion Compared to clearcut and planting spruce on this site, the wood production was 1/3 lower for the next 50 years Soil preparation or other silvicultural measures to achieve sufficient ingrowth after 50 years is recommended The first target diameter cutting provided 50% of the estimated income by a clearcut. Assuming min. 100 m3/ha removals, harvest intervals of years were projected (with EUR continuous income under scarification scenarios).
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16 Another stand:
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18 Time for questions
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