Vegetation Module Seth Bigelow & Malcolm North Staff: Keith Perchemlides Sierra Nevada Research Center USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station
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1 Vegetation Module Seth Bigelow & Malcolm North Staff: Keith Perchemlides Sierra Nevada Research Center USFS Pacific Southwest Research Station Objectives: Provide tools to achieve desired future condition Assist other modules with vegetation measurement Increase knowledge of group selection silviculture
2 Desired Future Condition all-age, multi-story, fire resistant forest Herger Feinstein Quincy Library Group Forest Recovery Act, 1997 approximating pre-settlement conditions. Michael Yost, Quincy Library Group Community Stability Proposal: Silviculture, Timber Management and the Desired Future Condition
3 Percent of Total Volume Mixed Conifer Timber Volume (% of total) by Species in Plumas NF: 1910 vs. 1980s s yellow pine (ponderosa, Jeffrey) white fir McKelvey and Johnston 1992
4 5-yr height growth of white fir and ponderosa saplings according to size of group selection opening ¼ acre 2 ½ ac. ¼ acre 2 ½ acre white fir always loses, ponderosa always wins -group openings, weeding -consistent with shade tolerance York, Heald, Battles, & York 2004
5 Light availability in mixed-conifer forest 55 mol/m2/d: group selection opening 21 mol/m2/d: large gap in stand thinned to 50% canopy cover 4 mol/m2/d small gap in dense stand:
6 Mix-conifer seedling height response to thinning of overstory ponderosa pine. Foresthill, Placer County. unthinned light thin heavy thin Light availability (mol / m 2 / d) p ponderosa s sugar pine i incense cedar d Douglas-fir w white fir here, white fir always wins, ponderosa always loses Oliver and Dolph 1992
7 Question What light conditions change the competitive balance between white fir & ponderosa & associated species? Assumption Light, combined with shade tolerance, is the main mechanism regulating growth & competition
8 Seedling & Sapling Sampling -sampled across Plumas NF rainfall gradient -seedlings: height & diameter over 3 yrs. (light) -saplings: diameter growth rings (light, soil water & nitrogen, ph, stem wood δ 13 C). -analysis: relate growth to light & other factors by simple models
9 Height and Light: White fir vs. ponderosa seedlings Change in height (cm / y) Light (mol m -2 d -1 )
10 Height and Light: White fir vs. ponderosa seedlings Change in height (cm / y) Light (mol m -2 d -1 )
11 Height and Light: White fir vs. ponderosa seedlings Change in height (cm / y) Light (mol m -2 d -1 )
12 Height and Light: White fir vs. ponderosa seedlings Change in height (cm / y) Light (mol m -2 d -1 )
13 Height and Light: White fir vs. ponderosa seedlings Change in height (cm / y) Light (mol m -2 d -1 )
14 Light-dependent growth of seedlings Species white fir Douglas-fir incense cedar sugar pine ponderosa Jeffrey pine black oak Growth model linear linear linear linear exponential linear linear r
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16 Ponderosa stem growth with age (saplings, natural regeneration) Radial growth (mm / yr) 5 measured predicted from model Age (yr) For ponderosa saplings, age, not light, influenced growth most strongly
17 What determined sapling stem diameter growth? Species white fir Douglas-fir incense cedar sugar pine ponderosa pine Jeffrey pine Factors δ 13 C, age soil water, age δ 13 C, age age age light r
18 Juvenile trees & light: conclusions Different light response in seedling vs sapling Seedling height ranking: white fir-ponderosa reversal at 25 +/-15 light units. Most species not sensitive to light as seedlings. Saplings: Jeffrey pine strongly sensitive to light. Age important for other species. Water important for the 3 most shade-tolerant species.
19 Applications Interpretation of light after treatments, with commercial system Relationship of stand structure & light (from thinning experiment) Parameters for forest simulator
20 Sortie: individual based, distancedependent forest simulator Parameters: light transmission Parameters: Tree growth, death = f (light,?) Parameters: Seed production = f (tree size) Light model Light map Tree growth, death Seed dispersal new, simulated stand Tree map or tree list other resource? Simulation of stand dynamics over time
21 Experimental thinning and group selection project: Relationship of level of canopy thinning to small mammal populations potential fire behavior (fuels) fire climate (understory wind speed) plant community composition tree regeneration (light, soil wetness)
22 Grid Locations Pineleaf Creek Deanes Valley Tamarack Flat Treatments Control Thin to 50% canopy Thin to 30% canopy Group Selection
23 Understory light in unthinned mixed-conifer stands Meadow Valley, Plumas National Forest, proportion of sites (%) Light (mol / m 2 / d)
24 Understory light in unthinned mixed-conifer stands Meadow Valley, Plumas National Forest, proportion of sites (%) Light (mol / m 2 / d) 4.3%
25 Objectives Studies Tools for future condition Help other modules group selection Juvenile tree growth Thinning & group selection experiment vegetation sampling (owl, fire/fuel, mammal) East-side resilience: stand & landscape
26 Plans Immediate: report on juvenile tree & eastside work Thinning & Group Selection Experiment 1 yr. light, fire behavior. 2 yr. fire climate, soil water and temperature. Longer. Duration of fuels treatments. Effects on plant communities.
27 Implications Need BIG gap, or HEAVILY thinned stand, to assure height advantage to seedlings of fire-resistant trees R x : thin heavily and / or gappily where there is seed rain from desired trees. Beware of established saplings as basis for future stand.
28 Appreciation USFS Region 5 and National Fire Plan Emily Ellsmore, Carl Salk, and former research crew members Plumas NF staff: Rich Bednarski, Molly Fuller, Angela Parker, Merri Carol Martens, Patti Millet, and many others. Maria Garcia, Jim Pena, Quincy Library Group
29 end
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31 Height / Diameter (cm / mm)
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33 Future Thinning & Group Expt. to provide relationship between canopy cover and light Modeling option, Forest Simulators? {Need better growth & mortality factors first} Or, just need to know Age?
34 white fir ponderosa pine Light (mol / m2 / d) Height increase (cm / yr)
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