FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN NIGERIA

Transcription

1 FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN NIGERIA BY DR OYEBANJI SF, NSPFS Abuja CAFSTON-Durbar Hotel, Kano 26 th to 27 th May 2005

2 PREAMBLE Achieving rapid improvement in Food Security and sustainable agricultural practices and total eradication of poverty in Nigeria is among the most serious challenges facing the present administration. 1

3 Food Security is about Self sufficiency Self reliance Availability and affordability of food in quantity and quality for (a) Year round consumption, (b) Price stabilization, and (c) Reserve for - emergency relief - disaster relief and charity 2

4 DIMENSIONS OF NIGERIA FOOD PROBLEMS INPUTS SUPPLY PRODUCTION MARKETING PROCESSING FOOD DEMAND PRICES OF FOOD NUTRITIVE STANDARD TECHNOLOGY ADAPTATIONS MECHANIZATION TRANSPORTATION HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT POPULATION GROWTH RATE. 3

5 2004:PRODUCTION Major Crops Crop Sorghum Maize Millet Rice Groundnut Cowpea Soya bean Yam Cassava Sweet potato Cocoyam Production (MT) ,278,679 4,582,035 2,871,879 2,582,484 2,089,673 1, ,963 21,983,283 33,217,484 2,896,202 3,060,285 Incremental Output 2004 over 2003(%) Source: PCU/ NAERLS

6 2004:PRODUCTION Major Livestock LIVESTOCK Poultry Cattle Sheep Goat Pigs Source: RIM POPULATION ,507,164 14, ,808,473 48,740,532 5, 905,017 INCREMENTAL Production 2004 OVER 2003(%)

7 Farming Systems Growing crops in the mixtures continue to be the dominant farming systems in all the agroecological zones. Generally, the livestock and fisheries sub-sectors did not witness any significant changes in factors affecting production in 2004 compared to However, capture fisheries were confirmed to be the major source of fish consumed in the country. Farmers have stated adopting integrated fish farming practices. Food supply in Nigeria has been increasing but at a very slow rate relative to the demand by the intimidating population estimate at between million people. 6

8 Major Food Commodities: Average Market price (N/Kg) Commodity Average Market Price-N/Kg Sorghum Maize Millet Rice Groundnut Cowpea Soya bean Yam Gari Beef Fish (Dry) Fowl (local) First Qrt

9 GMPP: Major commodities 2004/2005 Commodity Maize (White) Maize (Yellow) Sorghum (White) Sorghum (Red) Millet Soya bean Gari GMPP (N/TON) 30,000 32,000 29,000 28,000 28,000 40,000 48,000 8

10 Major Crops: Average Potentials and Practical Yields Crop Potential Yield T/Ha Range of farmers Yield T/Ha 2004 Average Yield T/Ha 2004 Maize (Op) Maize (Hb) Millet (Op) Millet (Hb) Sorghum Rice (SMP) Rice (Upl) Cassava T Yam Yam (Hb) Sweet Potato Irish Potato

11 2004: Major Crops Cost of Production (N/Ha) Crop Maize Rice Sorghum Millet Cowpea Soya Beans Cassava Yam Range of Cost of Production N/Ha 54,765-66, ,433-84, ,088-53, ,050-52, ,125-50, ,800-49, ,450-68, , ,

12 EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY: (A) Macro economic policies Fiscal Increased capital expenditure on agriculture Monetary Liberal credit to agriculture through recapitalization of NACRDB to provide credit to farmers at concessionary interest rates. Trade Until recently, Government adopted a very liberal policy on food imports. Today the importations of certain food items are banned to stimulate local production. - Inclusion of 10% cassava flour in confectionery. - Inclusion of gari in National Food Strategic Reserve. 11

13 B. Micro economic policies Present administration established/launched: National Special Programme for Food Security-NSPFS. Community Based Agricultural and Rural Development Programme- NACRDB. National Fadama II Development Programme National Poverty Eradication Programme NAPEP. Roots and Tubers Expansion Programme RTEP. Three (3) Commodity Development and Marketing Companies. Presidential initiative on cassava, rice and fish; and encourage; Strengthening of related institutions -ADP - Research Institutes -NDE - National Strategic Food Reserve. Provision of tractors and animal traction to expand area cultivation. Collaboration with donor agencies for additional support. 12

14 NATIONAL SPECIAL PROGRMMEE FOR FOOD SECURITY (NSPFS) NSPFS Implementation started in November 2001 under project UTF/NIR/047/NIR wholly financed by the Federal Government with a budget of US $ 45.2 million. It involves some 23,000-25,000 farm families per site in 109 projects sites across the country. 13

15 NSPFS COMPONENTS Direct support to SPFS on - Crop intensification - Agro- processing - Farm diversification - Cost recovery (US $ m) Aquaculture & inland fisheries (US $ 6.9m) Animal disease and trans-boundary pest control (US $4.45m) Marketing of Agricultural Commodities and Food Stock Management (US $1.239m) Soil fertility initiative (US $ 22.5m) SSC initiative with peoples Republic of China (US$22.5m) 14

16 Thrust of NSPFS To improve the productivity and sustainability of agricultural systems with the ultimate objectives of achieving: Improved livelihood. Reduced food insecurity. Increased farmers income. Reduced unemployment. Enhanced socio- economic status of the poor. 15

17 NSPFS Implementation Implementation started in November 2001 under project UTF/NIR/047/NIR wholly financed by the Federal Government of Nigeria with a budget of US $ 45.2 million. It adopts bottom-up participatory community development approach. 16

18 ACHIEVEMENTS OF NSPFS Empowerment of farmers through selfdriven income generating projects in crops, livestock, fisheries and processing activities. Mobilization of farmers in group dynamics: - Formation of viable enterprise groups. - Improved savings culture. - Effective linkage with credit institutions. - Linkage of groups with end- users and expanded markets. Promotion of hygienic environment, good health, nutrition and education on HIV/ AIDS. Improved commercial aptitudes and practices of farmers through participatory learning methods and approaches. 17

19 ACHIEVEMENTS OF NSPFS Cont Protection of the environment through agro-forestry practices, soil conservation and fertility initiatives Implementation of cost effective microprojects in the States by the Chinese experts. Promotion of improved households processing activities for value addition. Encouragement of youth in agriculture through the promotion of school gardening. Establishment of post-harvest technology demonstration and training centres to educate and promote improved processing, packaging and marketing of standard farm produce. 18

20 WAY FORWARD AND CONCLUSION The impact of NSPFS on food security has no doubt been felt in each of the 109 farming community sites in the country. A lot more could be achieved with the available resources if effective linkages and synergies among all the food security programmes and stakeholders in the country are put in place. This is one of the ways the perceived benefits of setting them up could be achieved on a sustainable basis. Secondly, enabling environment needs to be created for our research institutes to be more pro-active in the development of crop varieties, animal breeds as well as farm level technologies that can triple the present productivity levels. This has the double advantage of increasing farmers income and apparently lower their cost of production. 19

21 WAY FORWARD AND CONCLUSION Cont If farmers perception truly approximate reality: NSPFS (in collaboration with other Food Security Programmes) represents a potent vehicle for the diffusion of productivity, food security and incomeenhancing innovation among smaller farmers. As a testimony to success stories of NSPFS implementation in the last 3-4 years, plans had been concluded to expand to additional sites i.e. to three sites in each senatorial district in the country. NSPFS is a viable multi-dimensional and integrated approach to solving the problems of poverty and food insecurity in Nigeria. 20