Global Warming Countermeasures and Intercity Cooperation in Kyoto, Birthplace of the Kyoto Protocol

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1 Global Warming Countermeasures and Intercity Cooperation in Kyoto, Birthplace of the Kyoto Protocol 1 December 10, 2017 Takeshi Shimotsuma Global Environment and Energy Environmental Policy Bureau Kyoto City

2 Urban Features of Kyoto City 2 Capital of Japan from the 8 th to 19 th centuries Co-existence and harmony with the rich natural environment Major inland city with 1.47 million residents Civic and local power backed by a tradition of self-governance Birthplace of the Kyoto Protocol Eco-Model City Ranked No. 1 in the world for tourism Travel and Leisure magazine, 2014, 2015 Wanderlust magazine, 2017 College town with 39 universities and junior colleges where 150,000 students are learning Manufacturing city where advanced technologies are thriving based on superior traditional industries 17* World Cultural Heritages *Kyoto City and adjacent areas

3 History of Global Warming Countermeasures in Kyoto City ~Organization of COP3 and Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol~ 3 Adoption of Kyoto Protocol In December 1997, Exactly 20 years ago Unanimously adopted at COP3 (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Third Session, Conference of the Parties) Points on the Kyoto Protocol Developed countries set reduction targets and mandate the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (Japan s target is a 6% reduction from 1990 levels) Developing countries have no obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Achievement of targets through the economic approach of the Kyoto Mechanism (Emissions trading, Clean Development Mechanism, etc.) Big step for global warming countermeasures around the world! Japan achieved its targets by reducing GHG emissions by 8.7% compared with fiscal 1990 on average for five years from fiscal 2008 to 2012

4 History of Global Warming Countermeasures in Kyoto City Organization of the 3 rd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3) and adoption of the Kyoto Protocol Formulation of plans to promote global warming countermeasures Reduction target: 10% reduction from 1990 levels by FY 2010 Establishment of Japan's first ordinance with specialized global warming countermeasures Kyoto Protocol goes into effect Selected by the national government as an eco-model city 2010 Full revision of ordinance 2011 Formulation of new plans to achieve new targets Achieve target to reduce emissions by 15% from 1990 levels! Reduction targets: 25% reduction from 1990 levels by FY 2020 and 40% reduction by FY 2030 Great East Japan Earthquake Formulation of "Strategies to Promote Energy Policies" Energy targets (by FY 2020 from FY 2010 levels) Energy consumption: Reduce by 15% or more Introduction of renewable energy: Triple or higher Miyako Ecology Center Base facility that expands the circle of eco-friendly activities (Opened in April 2002) Consistently insistence on the necessity of "achieving a sustainable, safe, and secure power supply system that is independent of nuclear power" Revision of plan (strengthen energy policies) This year Establishment and enforcement of "Shimatsu-no-Kokoro Ordinance," marks the 20th which aims to reduce waste by half anniversary of Organization of COP 23, adoption of Paris Agreement the Kyoto Selected as one of the Rockefeller Foundation's "100 Resilient Cities" (Improvement of adaptation measures for the effects of climate change) Protocol! Revision of plan (Strengthen measures in the consumer sector, road to "Project 0", addition of adaptation measures, etc.)

5 Energy Conservation with Residents & Businesses United Energy consumption in FY 2015 (Kyoto City area) decreased by 26% from its peak (TJ) 100,000 90,000 Peak (FY 1997) 26% reduction 5 80,000 70,0000 Greenhouse gas emissions (Kyoto City area) Compared to 1990 By FY 2010: 15% reduction Target achieved! By FY 2015: 3.2% reduction (3.9% increase for all of Japan in FY 2015) Change to power structure after the Great East Japan Earthquake CO 2 emission coefficient of electricity: FY FY (About 60% increase) (Unit: kg-co2/kwh)

6 Reduce Waste by Half Together with Residents! (10,000 t) Peak 82 Volume of waste almost halved since peak! (49% reduction) To less than half! 65 Promotion of "Eco-school districts" to become involved in community-wide ecological activities "Biodiesel Fuel Project" through the collection of "used tempura oil," making full use of civic and regional power 50 Target Significant reduction in waste treatment/disposal costs: Reduced by JPY 15.4 billion FY 2002 (peak): JPY 36.7 billion FY 2016: FY 21.3 billion

7 Further Reduce Food Loss! To Half! 7 Food loss (untouched food and leftover food) estimated from a waste composition survey was 96,000 tons at the peak of We set numerical targets for the first time in the country to reduce food loss to 50,000 tons by 2020 (half from peak). <Target> FY 2000 FY 2015 FY ,000 t 65,000 t Halve 50,000 tons This fiscal year, we are carrying out studies and social experiments aimed at reviewing sales and business practices with little food loss as the first initiative in Japan.

8 Switch from Car-Centric Society to a Society Prioritizing People and Public Transport Walking City, Kyoto Percentage of people visiting Kyoto by private car 40% 41.7% Establishment of "Walking City, Kyoto" Charter (January 2010) Development of comprehensive "Walking City, Kyoto" transportation strategy with 94 policies! Attractive city development with people in leading roles Improved convenience of public transport 30% Share ratio of transportation 28.3% 27.8% 8 30% 25% 20% 21.8% 21.8% 10% 9.3% 20% 0% % Automobiles 自動車 Railway, 鉄道 バス bus

9 From 1980 for the past 37 years, a detailed waste composition survey has 9 been carried out in collaboration with Kyoto University The outcome will be policies that will become a model for the entire country.

10 Plan period Kyoto City Global Warming Countermeasures Plan (Revised in March 2017) 10 years from fiscal 2011 to fiscal Reduction targets 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by fiscal 2020 Vision of society in fiscal 2030 Vision of Society 1 Vision of Society 2 Vision of Society 3 Vision of Society 4 Vision of Society 5 Vision of Society 6 A city which can be enjoyed on foot with preference given to people and public transportation A city that regenerates its forests and values its "culture of wood" A city of energy creation and community recycling Environmentally-friendly lifestyles Environmentally-friendly economic activities Garbage reduction

11 Road to Project 0 Kyoto City Global Warming Countermeasures Plan (Revised in March 2017) 6 visions of society Put into practice Promotion policies (19) Specific measures (36) Specific actions (98) Excludes reprints Mitigation measures Measures to curb greenhouse gas emissions Project I (Measures to achieve reduction targets by FY 2020) Project II (Measures focused around ) Project III (Measures focused after 2050) Adaptation measures Measures to prevent or mitigate damage caused by global warming Enhancement of evacuation systems when natural disasters occur Heat countermeasures Awareness for the prevention of heat stroke and infectious diseases Collection of scientific knowledge Understanding impacts on agriculture and forestry Understanding impacts on traditional culture, tourism, and local industry Gives new shape to the direction of adaptation measures! 11

12 Strategy focused on the long-term future outlined in the Kyoto City Global Warming Countermeasures Plan (revised in March of this year) 12 Road to Project 0 Long-term future Paris Agreement target Anthropogenic emissions Net zero Human resources development Today Transformation of lifestyles and social mechanisms Innovation III Measures focused on the long-term future II Measures focused on the medium-term future I Measures implemented steadily to achieve reduction targets

13 Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures through International Cooperation 13 Pride and responsibility as the birthplace of the Kyoto Protocol Significant potential for global warming countermeasures through intercity collaboration around the world Cities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions (75% of the world's carbon emissions) Cities can take unorthodox responses to conflicts between nations International cooperation is clearly specified in the Kyoto City Ordinance on Global Warming Countermeasures as an important measure to control greenhouse gas emissions.

14 Cooperation Case 1 Development of Children s Eco-Life Challenge in the Iskandar Development Region, Malaysia 14 In Kyoto City, the "Children's Eco-Life Challenge", an environmental learning program, has been implemented in all municipal elementary schools since fiscal 2010, with the aim to establishing an eco-lifestyle with family members that will lead to the prevention of global warming by allowing children who will lead the next generation to think about and experience for themselves the issue of global warming and review lifestyles from their own perspective. Support for the development of a "Malaysia Children's Eco-Life Challenge" in all elementary schools in the Iskandar Development Region (from 2015), based on this program in Kyoto City. September 2012 to Today Creation of JICA Partnership Program on "Development of People and Communities to Achieve a Low-Carbon Society in the Iskandar Development Region of Malaysia" Contents of support Implementation of phased low-carbon education aimed at the creation of a sustainable low-carbon society Launch of activities to create a lowcarbon society in local communities Training of human resources to promote and lead these activities Malaysia Iskandar Development Region Eastern Malaysia International airport district Western Malaysia Iskandar Development Area Nusajaya Western district development district Johor Bahru Central district Singapore Eastern development district

15 Cooperation Case 2 Opening of the Japan-China Friendship Environmental Technology Information Plaza in Beijing, China 15 Opened by the Chinese government in December 2015 Modeled on the Miyako Ecology Center (COP3 Memorial Hall), an environmental learning base facility in Kyoto City Support by the Kyoto Environmental Activities Association for human resources development and effective exhibitions Continuous visits to both facilities after the opening to share knowledge on environmental education

16 Cooperation Case 3 Implementation of Pilot Programs on Waste Separation in Vientiane, Laos (Partner City) 16 Discussions on environmental education with school teachers Development studies on waste quality in model areas February 2016 to today: Support for activities to implement pilot programs Start of pilot programs from November 2016 in four model villages in the city Implementation of environmental education on waste separation in local elementary and junior high schools Organization of a character contest for public awareness Implementation of development studies on waste samples in model areas to understand waste emissions

17 Cooperation Case 4 Environmental Education Exchange in Varanasi, India 17 Creation of partner city with Varanasi, a sacred site for Hindus Signed an intent to cooperate in the presence of Prime Ministers Modi and Abe (August 30, 2014) Environmental education exchange program between schools in Kyoto and Varanasi Promote improvement of environmental awareness in Varanasi and spread of environmentally-friendly lifestyles through environmental education exchange activities in both cities

18 Cooperation Case 5 Cooperation Project to Improve Air Quality in Xi an City, China (Friendship City) 18 Implementation of cooperation project to improve air quality in Xi an City as part of friendship exchange activities after receipt of a request for cooperation from Xi an City on improvement of the ambient environment FY : Overall improvement of air quality FY Y : Countermeasures for suspended particulate matter Xi an City Interviews and meeting to exchange ideas with the Xi an City government (Environmental Management division)

19 Cooperation Case 6 Promotion of Communication to Share Information on Global Warming Countermeasures Through ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability Dissemination of efforts on global warming countermeasures in the city Member since Kyoto Mayor has served as the Chair of the East Asia Regional Executive Committee since * Organization (Membership of about 1,500 local governments from 86 countries/regions) Active information dissemination and cooperation for training and observation groups to Kyoto City Information exchange and exchange of ideas/opinions on environmental policies, including global warming countermeasures in Kyoto City for observation groups from countries and regions around the world that visit Kyoto City to learn about environmental issues. Visiting countries, other 2017 Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Ukraine, Angola, Mozambique, Brazil, USA (California State), Malaysia (Taiping City), Laos (Vientiane City), India (Varanasi City), Secretariat of the Association of Caribbean States, other Aims to be the host city for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for which the Japanese government has announced its intention to host (in 2019). 19

20 Role of Cities and Importance of Intercity Cooperation 20 Accelerated concentration of the population in cities (today: 50% 2050: 70%) Cities account for 60% to 80% of energy consumption and threequarters of carbon emissions. Environmental impacts in urban areas are also growing and urban action is becoming more important. It is necessary for cities that are directly involved in the lives of their residents and are managed through the autonomous participation of its citizens to not only rely on the national government and market principles, but to also demonstrate leadership after securing authority and financial resources. It is necessary to create mechanisms that can solve various problems by strengthening intercity cooperation, sharing goals, and disseminating policies, success stories, and know-how.

21 Thank you for your kind attention. 21