F eatures & Benefits. Performance in Low VOC Systems. Benefits of Troysol LAC. Troysol LAC Contributes Less VOC at Optimized Use Level

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2 LAC Contents Introduction Features & Benefits Performance in Low VOC Systems Substrate Wetting Contaminated Surfaces Elimination of Surface Defects Enhanced Gloss Low Energy Surfaces Improved Adhesion Additional Performance Benefits Improved Flow & Leveling Color Uniformity Resistance to Foaming Applications Incorporation & Use Typical Properties Regulatory Compliance Appendix Formulations Introduction Troysol LAC is a multipurpose, silicone-free additive that improves substrate wetting, coating flow and leveling, adhesion, gloss, and color uniformity in aqueous coatings and adhesives. The use of is particularly effective in the development of VOC compliant coatings in which the absence of solvent creates the need for enhanced control of coating surface properties and the elimination of surface defects, such as crawling and cratering. Manufacturers reformulating to meet the challenges of VOC regulations can benefit from the performance contributed by. Many of the VOC's that are present in standard waterborne coatings help to reduce the surface tension of the coating. As the VOC levels drop, deficiencies and defects increase for waterborne coatings. Troysol LAC substantially reduces surface tension, providing low VOC coatings with strong surface wetting properties and enabling uniform coverage over low energy and contaminated substrates. 2

3 F eatures & Benefits Troysol LAC is a highly effective substrate wetting additive that can help formulators achieve enhanced performance in many different applications for aqueous coatings. Coatings formulators have found to be a valuable addition to their formulations, because the product provides many benefits (Table 1). is suggested for use in aqueous systems in which improved coating properties related to wetting are required. Examples of contamination include oil, grease, soap, wax, and lubricants. provides formulators with the confidence that their waterborne coatings can be used in many difficult applications. The use of in formulations may reduce the number of product complaints resulting from use over poorly prepared surfaces. Benefits of Effective in wetting low energy surfaces Elimination of craters, crawling, & fisheyes Improved gloss Improved adhesion Improved flow & leveling Superior color acceptance for inorganic & organic pigment Effective at low concentrations Table 1 Performance in Low VOC Systems Exhibit g/l 15 VOC 10 5 Contributes Less VOC at Optimized Use Level Aqueous coatings benefit from co-solvents such as glycols and glycol ethers. The low surface tensions of these co-solvents enhance the wettability of the coating. Yet, these co-solvents contribute to VOC emissions. As levels of VOC and co-solvents decrease, there is an increased need for wetting additives. offers formulators improved wetting, excellent flow and leveling, and more consistent color acceptance, all of which enhance coating properties in low VOC systems. also provides maximum performance at low use levels, resulting in low contributions to VOC levels (Exhibit 1) % 0.75% 3

4 LAC Substrate Wetting Exhibit 2 Wetting is the ability of a coating to make intimate molecular contact with a substrate. Troysol LAC enables a coating to completely and evenly cover a substrate without crawling, flooding, floating, or variations in film thickness. Superior wetting is enabled with the unique chemistry of, which dramatically reduces surface tension and improves the covering of low energy and contaminated surfaces (Exhibit 3). Results show (Exhibit 2) that the incorporation of offers the best wetting performance compared with competitive additives in wet films of a zero VOC semigloss coating applied over oil contamination. Excellent Wetting Scale Provides Superior Wetting over Oil Contamination Low VOC Semi-Gloss Paint - Formulation 2 Legend Improves the Wetting of Contaminated & Hydrophobic Surfaces Poor Use Level - % wt/wt Polysiloxane Surfaces contaminated with oils, lubricants, fats, or wax Plastics, including polyethylene, plexiglass, vinyl, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), modified polyphenylene oxide (PPO), nylon, & polycarbonate Galvanized, plated, or other metal surfaces Alkyd painted surfaces Chalky surfaces Concrete and asphalt Resinous wood Exhibit 3 Enables the Coating of Contaminated Surfaces Ineffective Coating Results without a Wetting Additive Lower Surface Tension Contamination Higher Surface Tension Contamination Substrate Substrate 4

5 Contaminated Surfaces facilitates the wetting of surfaces contaminated with substances such as oil and wax. As results illustrate (Exhibit 4), 0.5% enables a low VOC acrylic semi-gloss coating to completely and evenly cover a substrate contaminated with oil, while the coating without the wetting additive shows severe crawling. Elimination of Surface Defects The ability of to impart excellent wetting characteristics and improve coating integrity and appearance makes the product especially valuable to manufacturers whose customers apply coatings to frequently contaminated or under-prepared surfaces. offers premium wetting performance that renders a coating more durable and robust. By promoting complete covering of surfaces, enables the coating to resist the formation of surface defects, such as crawling, cratering, and fisheyes. Resists Crawling in Coatings Applied over Oil Contamination Control With 0.5% Exhibit 4 Exhibit 5 Enhances Gloss Low VOC Semi-Gloss Paint - Formulation Enhanced Gloss The addition of some specialty additives may interfere with the development of coating gloss., however, enhances gloss and enables formulators to achieve the desired coating appearance. Test results show the gloss advantage of in a low VOC semi-gloss coating (Exhibit 5) Use Level - % wt/wt Legend Polysiloxane 5

6 LAC Substrate Wetting Control 7 6 Peel Strength 5 (pounds per 4 linear inch) 3 Exhibit 6 Promotes Strong Adhesion Low VOC Acrylic Copolymer System Low Energy Surfaces With significantly enhances a coating's ability to cover difficult-to-coat substrates, such as wax, glass, and plastics. possesses a unique chemistry that promotes nearly universal substrate wetting % 0.1% Optimum Performance Level 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% Use Level % wt/wt Legend Control Improved Adhesion offers notable improvements in coating adhesion. Exhibit 6 shows 180 peel strength results of a polymer containing versus one containing acetylenic diol. Results demonstrate that imparts a greater degree of adhesion in a low VOC system, while acetylenic diol does not enhance adhesion. The graph also shows there is an optimum use level for Troysol LAC in terms of adhesion. Additional Performance Benefits Excellent 10 Exhibit 7 Provides Superior Leveling* Low VOC Flat Paint - Formulation 1 Improved Flow & Leveling The enhanced flow and leveling imparted by ensure that the coating is uniform, maintains integrity, and has superior surface appearance, including gloss. Relative leveling performance of versus competitor additives is shown in Exhibit 7. Results show that Troysol LAC imparts better leveling in a low VOC flat paint. Surface Smoothness Leveling Index Poor Use Level - % wt/wt Legend Control Polysiloxane * ASTM D4062, Standard test method for leveling of paints by draw-down method 6

7 Color Uniformity Troysol LAC promotes excellent pigment wetting and brings out true colors in all types of aqueous coatings. The rub-up test demonstrates the ability of to impart the desired color to the coating film. The competitive wetting additive and control exhibited poor color acceptance. offers the ability to achieve color uniformity in coatings. Test results show that in a low VOC semi-gloss coating, color change was negligible with, while the addition of competitor additives resulted in significant loss of color uniformity (Exhibit 8). Exhibit 8 Control L+ Excellent Color Uniformity Interior Semi-Gloss Paint - Formulation 3 L+ L+ b+ b+ b a a a+ a- b- L- L = a = b = a- b- L- L = a = 0.32 b = 0.42 a- b- L- L = a = 0.00 b = True Color Control True Color with True Color with Colorimetry results in Exhibit 8 are plotted in 3D CIELAB color space, with the correct color at the origin of the three axes. CIELAB color differences are defined as follows: white to black ( L), green to red ( a), and blue to yellow ( b). Ideally, the color measured in a rub-up test will lie at the intersection of the three axes. As can be seen in Exhibit 8, the coating containing Troysol LAC registers on all three scales at the intersection of the axes, representing no deviation from the standard. In the control scenario and in the coating containing Polysiloxane, significant deviation from the standard is visible in the greater distance of the measurements from the intersection of the axes. This true color match achieved with and the inferior results of the control and Polysiloxane can also be seen in the representation of the actual rub-up test. 7

8 LAC Additional Performance Benefits Exhibit 9 Minimizes Foaming Low VOC Flat Interior Paint - Formulation 1 12 Resistance to Foaming Tests in a low VOC flat interior coating show that the incorporation of Troysol LAC results in the least amount of foaming (Exhibit 9) among those products that are also effective substrate wetting agents in that formulation. % Air Control Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate Use Level 0.3% wt/wt Polysiloxane A pplications Important additional benefits of include its broad compatibility and silicone-free composition, making the product valuable to paint formulators working with a variety of applications. offers excellent performance in: Low and zero VOC coatings Alkyds, stains, and varnishes Maintenance coatings OEM coatings Architectural & decorative enamels Adhesives Paper, paperboard, labels, inks, and adhesives involving contact with food Flexographic and gravure inks Print varnishes 8

9 Incorporation & Use Troysol LAC is most effective if added at the end of the manufacturing process. The product is a water-dispersible liquid and can be incorporated with mild agitation. Use Levels generally provides excellent results in low VOC coatings at concentrations of % based on total formulation weight. The actual use level of required is formulation specific. The selection of the individual components of the formulation, the pigment volume concentration (PVC), and the substrate to be coated all have an influence on the amount of product needed. All suggested use applications should be evaluated for final product surface appearance and stability prior to commercialization. Suggested application levels are based on laboratory evaluations and are typical for the use areas indicated. Suggested use levels are reported as percent by weight of the total formulation. Typical Properties Typical properties of are listed in the accompanying table (Table 2). These properties are intended to provide general guidance, not purchase specifications. For additional information, contact a Troy representative or customerservice@troycorp.com. Typical Properties Table 2 Appearance:... Pale yellow liquid % Non-Volatile By Weight:...50 Specific Gravity (25 C) g/cc: Viscosity (Gardner) (25 C):... C Color (Gardner):...5 ph (25 C):...7 Flash Point (ASTM D56-77): F (>110 C) Regulatory Compliance meets the requirements of government and regulatory bodies worldwide. complies with US FDA (Food & Drug Administration) regulations under the sections listed in Table 3. Contact a Troy representative for information on your specific application. US FDA Compliance Table 3 21CFR Adhesives 21CFR Pressure Sensitive Adhesives 21CFR Component of Paper/Board in contact with Aqueous and Fatty Food 21CFR Component of Paper/Board in Contact with Dry Food 21CFR Emulsifiers and/or Surface Active Agents 9

10 Appendix Formulation 1 Formulation 2 Low VOC Interior Flat with Airflex EF811 Vinyl Acetate Ethylene Copolymer Raw Material Supplier % by Weight Grind Water KTPP 0.10 Tamol 850 Rohm & Haas 0.80 AMP-95 Dow / Angus 0.20 Igepal CO-630 Stepan 0.30 Troykyd D726 Troy 0.20 Mergal K10N Troy 0.30 Tronox CR828 Kerr McGee Mattex Engelhard 8.80 Snowhite 12 Omya Celite 281F World Minerals 4.00 Grind to 4+ Hegman Letdown Airflex EF811 Air Products Troykyd D726 Troy 0.20 Natrasol MR Aqualon (2% solution) Water 6.25 Polyphase 678 Troy 1.00 Troysol TM LAC Troy 0.30 Texanol Eastman 0.40 Total Low VOC Exterior Semi-Gloss Acronal Optive 130 Acrylic Emulsion Raw Material Supplier % by Weight Water Natrosol Plus 330 PA Aqualon 0.03 Tamol 165 Rohm & Haas 0.55 Troykyd D729 Troy 0.25 Mergal K10N Troy 0.30 Tiona 596S Millennium Chemicals Pangel S Grind 15 minutes then add: Acrysol RM2020 NPR Rohm & Haas 2.25 Mix 5 minutes then add: Acronal Optive 130 BASF Mix 5 minutes then add: Troykyd D704 Troy 0.30 Polyphase 663 Troy 1.10 Troy 0.50 Macol 85 BASF 0.20 Acrysol RM-8W Rohm & Haas 0.40 Total Formula Constants Density, lbs/gal Viscosity, Stormer, KU Viscosity, ICI, poise Weight Solids, % Volume Solids, % PVC, % VOC, g/l Formula Constants Density, lbs/gal Viscosity, KU Viscosity, ICI Weight Solids, % Volume Solids, % Gloss, PVC, % VOC g/l... (Actual VOC = 8 g/l) ~0 10

11 Formulation 3 Formulation 4 Low VOC Exterior Semi-Gloss with Rhoplex SG30 Acrylic Emulsion Raw Material Supplier % by Weight Tiona 596S Millennium Chemicals Water 7.50 Propylene glycol 3.30 Mergal K10N Troy 0.30 Rhoplex SG-30 Rohm & Haas Texanol Eastman 1.20 Polyphase 678 Troy 1.20 Troykyd D704 Troy 0.30 Ammonium Hydroxide % Acrysol Rohm & Haas 1.60 RM-2020NPR Acrysol SCT-275 Rohm & Haas 0.75 Troysol TM LAC Troy 0.50 Water 4.90 Total Low VOC Interior Semi-Gloss with Airflex EF811 Vinyl Acetate Ethylene Copolymer Raw Material Supplier % by Weight Grind Water 9.20 Natrosol Plus 330 Aqualon 4.40 (3% solution) Tamol 1124 (50%) Rohm & Haas 0.25 AMP-95 Dow / Angus 0.25 Troykyd D729 Troy 0.20 Mergal K10N Troy 0.30 Tronox CR828 Kerr-McGee CamelWITE Imerys 2.00 Attagel 50 Engelhard 0.20 Letdown Airflex EF811 Air Products Water Troykyd D704 Troy 0.30 Ropaque OP-96 Rohm & Haas 6.90 Troy 0.50 Polyphase 678 Troy 0.10 Acrysol RM-6 Rohm & Haas 1.55 Acrysol TT-935 Rohm & Haas 1.00 Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether 0.50 Total Formula Constants Density, lbs/gal Viscosity, Stormer, KU...97 Viscosity, ICI, poise Weight Solids, %...48 Volume Solids, %...34 Gloss, PVC, %...22 VOC, g/l Formula Constants Density, lbs/gal Viscosity, Stormer, KU...99 Viscosity, ICI, poise Weight Solids, %...46 Volume Solids, %...36 PVC, %...30 VOC, g/l

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