Torsten Hinz Agricultural PM10 Emissions from Plant Production

Transcription

1 Torsten Hinz Agricultural PM10 Emissions from Plant Production

2 Agricultural PM10 Emissions from Plant Production Content Introduction Sources and determination of emission factors stationary mobile Activity data Results for crop production Conclusion and future needs

3 Scheme of PM Sources in Plant Production plant production food non food combustion stationary sources nature mobile sources fuel drying cleaning loading product/area related harvesting soil cultivation (fertilizing) (pesticide application)

4 Scheme of PM Sources in Crop Production harvesting unloading cleaning drying E 1 E 2 E 3 E 4 E n product (area) related emission: E = E E n+1 n+1 j=1 Σ j soil cultivation

5 Determination of PM Emission Factors of Stationary Plants Sources with defined exhaust openings; isokinetic sample with PM10 separation Diffusive sources; nomogram acc to VDI 3790 Part 3

6 Standardized Emission Factor as a Function of the Dumped Quantity (Dumping Height 2 m) acc to VDI 3790 Part 3 Standardized emission factor q norm 5000 g m 3 t Gut t extra-moist and / or extremly low-dust high dust medium dust low dust imperceptible dust (washed) material t/dump Discontinuous discharge, dumped quantity M

7 Emission Factors of Stationary Plants in Crop Production for Total Dust and PM10 source EF t [g/(t] EF 10 [g/t] unloading (45 t dump) drying cleaning

8 Scheme of PM Sources in Crop Production harvesting unloading cleaning drying E 1 E 2 E 3 E 4 E n product (area) related emission: E = E E n+1 n+1 j=1 Σ j soil cultivation

9 Measuring Dust Emission of a Self Propelled Combine Harvester sucking fan isokinetic probe with filterholder and filter encapsulated cutter bar encapsulated straw outlet

10 Measuring Dust Emission of a Self Propelled Combine Harvester

11 Emission Factors for Total Dust and PM10 Harvesting Different Cereals, 6 t/ha barley oats rye wheat EF t kg/ha EF 10 kg/ha EF t /EF 10 %

12 Emission Factors EF 10 of Combine Harvesting Related to Annual Specific Yield year wheat EF 10 [g/t] rye EF 10 [g/t]

13 EF 10 for Soil Cultivation

14 EF 10 for Soil Cultivation: Layer Model area [10 4 m 2 ] balance volume V = m 3 h = 2 m c mg/m 3 EF 10 = c V n (n = annual repetitions)

15 EF 10 for Soil Cultivation: Plume Model balancing area wind speed EF 10 = c A w t

16 EF 10 for Soil Cultivation Layer Model Plume Mode 028 kg/ha 048 kg/ha

17 Activity Data for the Plant Model Fruit species Areas Yields Work steps to be considered, ratio of handled and total mass or areas e g drying, soil cultivation Type of management (farm, co-operative industry) Legal requirements

18 Wheat and Rye Production in Germany year area [ha] wheat yield [kt] area [ha] rye yield [kt]

19 Annual PM10 Emissions from Rye year combine harvest unloading cleaning drying soil cultivation total E 10 [t]

20 Annual PM10 Emissions from Wheat year combine harvest unloading cleaning drying soil cultivation total E 10 [t]

21 Conclusion and Future Needs PM10 emission inventory for plant production is fruit species related Main activity data (areas, yields) are available by statistical yearbooks Additional needed activity data are not available Depending on the type of source there are severe lacks for emission factors Emission flow values range between measurement and first guess Uncertainties may be in the order of magnitude For more sound, reliable data research activities are required if those data are really needed in comparison with other sectors

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23 Thank you for your attention!