A tribute to Dr. Phillip Rowe. International Banana Congress Sustainable Banana Production: Plant Breeding, Food Security, Agronomy, Management

Transcription

1 Phil Rowe s Legacy: Enabling Sustainable Banana Production with Disease- and Pest-Resistant Hybrids Randy Ploetz University of Florida, Tropical Research & Education Center, Homestead FL USA International Banana Congress Sustainable Banana Production: Plant Breeding, Food Security, Agronomy, Management and Carbon Neutrality A tribute to Dr. Phillip Rowe

2 Chronology Late 1800s Panama disease begins to decimate export production of Gros Michel

3 Chronology Late 1800s Panama disease begins to decimate export production of Gros Michel 1922 Banana breeding program begins in Trinidad (Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture) to develop Panama disease-resistant replacement for Gros Michel ; entire program transferred in 1960 to Jamaica (1924)

4 Chronology Late 1800s Panama disease begins to decimate export production of Gros Michel 1922 Banana breeding program begins in Trinidad (Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture) to develop Panama disease-resistant replacement for Gros Michel ; transferred in 1960 to Jamaica 1959 Banana breeding program begun in Honduras by United Fruit Company (UFC); , Paul H. Allen and J.J. Ochse lead expeditions to Western Pacific and Southeast Asia to collect banana germplasm Paul H. Allen

5 Chronology Late 1800s Panama disease begins to decimate export production of Gros Michel 1922 Banana breeding program begins in Trinidad (Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture) to develop Panama disease-resistant replacement for Gros Michel ; transferred in 1960 to Jamaica 1959 Banana breeding program begun in Honduras by United Fruit Company (UFC); , Paul Allen and J.J. Ochse lead expeditions to Western Pacific and Southeast Asia to collect banana germplasm 1960s Export trades complete conversion from Gros Michel to Cavendish cvs

6 Chronology Late 1800s Panama disease begins to decimate export production of Gros Michel 1922 Banana breeding program begins in Trinidad (Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture) to develop Panama disease-resistant replacement for Gros Michel ; transferred in 1960 to Jamaica 1959 Banana breeding program begun in Honduras by United Fruit Company (UFC); , Paul Allen and J.J. Ochse lead expeditions to Western Pacific and Southeast Asia to collect banana germplasm 1960s Export trades complete conversion from Gros Michel to Cavendish cvs 1971 Phil Rowe begins career as banana breeder with UFC

7 Chronology Late 1800s Panama disease begins to decimate export production of Gros Michel 1922 Banana breeding program begins in Trinidad (Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture) to develop Panama disease-resistant replacement for Gros Michel ; transferred in 1960 to Jamaica 1959 Banana breeding program begun in Honduras by United Fruit Company (UFC); , Paul Allen and J.J. Ochse lead expeditions to Western Pacific and Southeast Asia to collect banana germplasm 1960s Export trades complete conversion from Gros Michel to Cavendish cvs 1971 Phil Rowe begins career as banana breeder with UFC What challenges did Phil face as a banana breeder, and what were his accomplishments?

8 Requirements for export ideotype banana (challenges faced by banana breeders) Stover and Simmonds, 1987; Ortiz, Ferris and Vuylsteke, 1995 Resistance to all races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

9 Race 1 Race 2 Tropical race 4

10 Requirements for export ideotype banana (challenges faced by banana breeders) Stover and Simmonds, 1987; Ortiz, Ferris and Vuylsteke, 1995 Resistance to all races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Sigatoka leafspots

11 Black leafstreak (black Sigatoka) Mycosphaerella fijiensis (yellow) Sigatoka Mycosphaerella musicola Mycosphaerella speckle Eumusae leafspot

12 Requirements for export ideotype banana (challenges faced by banana breeders) Stover and Simmonds, 1987; Ortiz, Ferris and Vuylsteke, 1995 Resistance to all races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Sigatoka leafspots and nematodes

13 Radopholus similis Pratylenchus coffeae

14 Requirements for export ideotype banana (challenges faced by banana breeders) Stover and Simmonds, 1987; Ortiz, Ferris and Vuylsteke, 1995 Resistance to all races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Sigatoka leafspots and nematodes Yield similar to Cavendish cvs, dwarfism and ratooning as for Grand Nain Regulated sucker development Foliar characteristics and production efficiency not inferior to Grand Nain Long fingers with shape and strengths similar to Cavendish cvs Acceptable flavor (analogous to Cavendish) Post-harvest attributes similar to Cavendish

15 Chronology Late 1800s Panama disease begins to decimate export production of Gros Michel 1922 Banana breeding program begins in Trinidad (Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture) to develop Panama disease-resistant replacement for Gros Michel ; transferred in 1960 to Jamaica 1959 Banana breeding program begun in Honduras by United Fruit Company (UFC); , Paul Allen and J.J. Ochse lead expeditions to Western Pacific and Southeast Asia to collect banana germplasm 1960s Export trades complete conversion from Gros Michel to Cavendish cvs 1971 Phil Rowe begins career as banana breeder with UFC 1970s With D.L. Richardson and Franklin Rosales, Phil evaluates UFC germplasm and utilizes it to develop superior male and female parents

16 x SH-1734 Lidi Sinwobogi Musa acuminata Philippines = SH-1734 Ortiz, Ferris and Vuylsteke, 1995

17 SH-1734 SH-3142 Pisang jari buaya SH-3142

18 * * * ( * ) * * ( * ) ( * ) Outstanding disease resistance and bunch characteristics of SH-3142 made it an extremely useful male and female parent, *, and a parent of a parent of an advanced hybrid, (*)

19 SH-2095 Sinwobogi Tjau lagada Guyod M. a. ssp. malaccensis SH-2095 SH-2095 Outstanding bunch and finger characters came from diverse sources

20 SH-2095 = SH-3217 SH-2095 SH-2766 SH-3217 SH-3217

21 and when used with BLS resistant lines SH-2989 Calcutta 4 SH-2989

22 yielded parents with BLS resistance and large bunches Calcutta 4 SH-3437 SH-2989 SH-3437

23 Chronology Late 1800s Panama disease begins to decimate export production of Gros Michel 1922 Banana breeding program begins in Trinidad (Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture) to develop Panama disease-resistant replacement for Gros Michel ; transferred in 1960 to Jamaica 1959 Banana breeding program begun in Honduras by United Fruit Company (UFC); , Paul Allen and J.J. Ochse lead expeditions to Western Pacific and Southeast Asia to collect banana germplasm 1960s Export trades complete conversion from Gros Michel to Cavendish cvs 1971 Phil Rowe begins career as banana breeder with UFC 1970s With D.L. Richardson and Franklin Rosales, Phil evaluates UFC germplasm and utilizes it to develop superior male parents Late 1980s FHIA releases first disease-resistant, high-yielding hybrids

24 Genomes and pedigrees of FHIA hybrids FHIA-01 AAAB aka Goldfinger. Santa Catarina Prata x SH-3142 FHIA-02 AAAA aka Mona Lisa. Williams x SH-3393 FHIA-03 AABB aka Sweetheart. SH-3386 ( Gaddatu x BB) x SH-2471) x SH FHIA-17 AAAA. Highgate x SH-3362 FHIA-18 AAAB aka Bonanza or Bananza. Prata Ana x SH-3142 FHIA-20 AAAB. AVP-67 (French plantain) x SH-3437 FHIA-21 AAAB. AVP-67 (French plantain) x SH-3142 FHIA-23 AAAA. Highgate x SH-3362 FHIA-25 AAB. SH-3648 x SH-3142 SH AAAA. Highgate x SH-3142 SH-3640 aka High noon

25 Adoption and production of FHIA hybrids occurs in over 50 countries, especially in Cuba

26 Genomes, pedigrees and attributes of FHIA hybrids FHIA-01 AAAB aka Goldfinger. Santa Catarina Prata x SH-3142 Good tolerance to: black leaf streak (black Sigatoka) Fusarium wilt (including TR4) Radopholus similis crown rot Exceptional yield of subacid dessert fruit Produced in over 50 countries; one of IDRC s original organic bananas; adapted to a wide range of climates, including subtropical conditions and high altitudes.

27 Genomes, pedigrees and attributes of FHIA hybrids FHIA-01 AAAB aka Goldfinger. Santa Catarina Prata x SH-3142 FHIA-02 AAAA aka Mona Lisa. Williams x SH-3393 Resistant to BLS, but susceptible to races 1 and 4 of Fusarium wilt in Australia High bunch weights over relatively short cycle times IDRC s second organic banana in Canada

28 Genomes, pedigrees and attributes of FHIA hybrids FHIA-01 AAAB aka Goldfinger. Santa Catarina Prata x SH-3142 FHIA-02 AAAA aka Mona Lisa. Williams x SH-3393 FHIA-03 AABB aka Sweetheart. SH-3386 ( Gaddatu x BB) x SH-2471) x SH Tolerance to black Sigatoka, Fusarium wilt, Moko disease, and nematodes Grown commercially in Cuba (where it is eaten primarily as a ripe dessert banana) and Grenada. Adapted to a wide range of climates, including subtropical conditions and high altitudes

29 Genomes, pedigrees and attributes of FHIA hybrids FHIA-01 AAAB aka Goldfinger. Santa Catarina Prata x SH-3142 FHIA-02 AAAA aka Mona Lisa. Williams x SH-3393 FHIA-03 AABB aka Sweetheart. SH-3386 ( Gaddatu x BB) x SH-2471) x SH FHIA-17 AAAA. Highgate x SH-3362 Tolerance to race 1 of Fusarium wilt, Cosmopilites sordidus, and BLS Performs well in subtropics and at higher altitudes Fruit ripens naturally to a golden yellow without the gassing

30 Genomes, pedigrees and attributes of FHIA hybrids FHIA-01 AAAB aka Goldfinger. Santa Catarina Prata x SH-3142 FHIA-02 AAAA aka Mona Lisa. Williams x SH-3393 FHIA-03 AABB aka Sweetheart. SH-3386 ( Gaddatu x BB) x SH-2471) x SH FHIA-17 AAAA. Highgate x SH-3362 FHIA-18 AAAB aka Bonanza or Bananza. Prata Ana x SH-3142 FHIA-20 AAAB. AVP-67 (French plantain) x SH-3437 FHIA-21 AAAB. AVP-67 (French plantain) x SH-3142 Tolerant to race 1 and 2 of Fusarium wilt and BLS Grown commercially in Cuba, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú, México, Dominican Republic and Colombia. Double the yield of traditional French plantain

31 Genomes, pedigrees and attributes of FHIA hybrids FHIA-01 AAAB aka Goldfinger. Santa Catarina Prata x SH-3142 FHIA-02 AAAA aka Mona Lisa. Williams x SH-3393 FHIA-03 AABB aka Sweetheart. SH-3386 ( Gaddatu x BB) x SH-2471) x SH FHIA-17 AAAA. Highgate x SH-3362 FHIA-18 AAAB aka Bonanza or Bananza. Prata Ana x SH-3142 FHIA-20 AAAB. AVP-67 (French plantain) x SH-3437 FHIA-21 AAAB. AVP-67 (French plantain) x SH-3142 FHIA-23 AAAA. Highgate x SH-3362 FHIA-25 AAB. SH-3648 x SH-3142 SH AAAA. Highgate x SH-3142 SH-3640 aka High noon Disease performance

32 G. Walduck and A. Daly TR4 Characteristics of germplasm tested against tropical race 4 in Northern Territory, Australia FHIA-25 FHIA-01 FHIA-18 R R SS R SS R

33 G. Walduck and A. Daly TR4 Characteristics of germplasm tested against tropical race 4 in Northern Territory, Characteristics Australia of germplasm tested against TR4 in NT, Australia FHIA-17 FHIA-23 SH-3640 VS VS VS VS VS VS

34 TR4

35 TR4

36 TR4

37 TR4

38 BLS Germplasm tested for response to black leaf streak and yield over two cropping cycles in Isabela, Puerto Rico (Irish et al. manuscript in review) Accession Origin Country Institute a Genome Type Pedigree/Derivation CRBP 39 Cameroon CARBAP AAAB Plantain hybrid French Clair (AAB) x M53 (AA) FHIA-02 Honduras FHIA AAAB Dessert Williams (AAA) x SH-3393 (AA) FHIA-17 Honduras FHIA AAAA Dessert Gros Michel (AAA) x SH-3362 (AA) FHIA-18 Honduras FHIA AAAB Dessert/Pome Prata Aña (AAB) x SH-3142 (AA) FHIA-23 Honduras FHIA AAAA Dessert banana Highgate (AAA) x SH-3362 (AA) PA Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Prata Aña (AAB) x Calcuta 4 (AA) PA Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Prata Aña (AAB) x Lidi (AA) PITA 16 Nigeria IITA AAB Plantain hybrid TMPx (AAAB) x SH 3362 (AA) PV Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Pacovan (AAB) x Calcuta 4 (AA) PV Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Pacovan (AAB) x M-53 (AA) PV Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Pacovan (AAB) x M-53 (AA) PV Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Pacovan (AAB) x M-53 (AA) SH 3640 Honduras FHIA AAAB Dessert Prata Aña (AAB) x SH-3393 (AA) Grand Nain b Puerto Rico Local selection AAA Dessert Cavendish mutant selection Maricongo b Puerto Rico Local selection AAB True Plantain Dwarf mutant of Congo Yangambi km 5 b D.R. Congo Local selection AAA Dessert/Ibota - FHIA-01 c Honduras FHIA AAAB Dessert/Pome Prata Aña (AAB) x SH-3142 (AA) FHIA-21 c Honduras FHIA AAAB Plantain hybrid AVP-67 (AAB) x SH-3142 (AA) FHIA-25 c,d Honduras FHIA AAB Cooking banana SH-3648 (4x) x SH-3142 (AA) TMB2x c Nigeria IITA AA Diploid hybrid Tjau lagada (AA) x Pisang lilin (AA)

39 BLS Germplasm tested for response to black leaf streak and yield over two cropping cycles in Isabela, Puerto Rico (Irish et al. manuscript in review) Accession Origin Country Institute a Genome Type Pedigree/Derivation CRBP 39 Cameroon CARBAP AAAB Plantain hybrid French Clair (AAB) x M53 (AA) FHIA-02 Honduras FHIA AAAB Dessert Williams (AAA) x SH-3393 (AA) FHIA-17 Honduras FHIA AAAA Dessert Gros Michel (AAA) x SH-3362 (AA) FHIA-18 Honduras FHIA AAAB Dessert/Pome Prata Aña (AAB) x SH-3142 (AA) FHIA-23 Honduras FHIA AAAA Dessert banana Highgate (AAA) x SH-3362 (AA) PA Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Prata Aña (AAB) x Calcuta 4 (AA) PA Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Prata Aña (AAB) x Lidi (AA) PITA 16 Nigeria IITA AAB Plantain hybrid TMPx (AAAB) x SH 3362 (AA) PV Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Pacovan (AAB) x Calcuta 4 (AA) PV Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Pacovan (AAB) x M-53 (AA) PV Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Pacovan (AAB) x M-53 (AA) PV Brazil EMBRAPA AAAB Dessert/Pome Pacovan (AAB) x M-53 (AA) SH 3640 Honduras FHIA AAAB Dessert Prata Aña (AAB) x SH-3393 (AA) Grand Nain b Puerto Rico Local selection AAA Dessert Cavendish mutant selection Maricongo b Puerto Rico Local selection AAB True Plantain Dwarf mutant of Congo Yangambi km 5 b D.R. Congo Local selection AAA Dessert/Ibota - FHIA-01 c Honduras FHIA AAAB Dessert/Pome Prata Aña (AAB) x SH-3142 (AA) FHIA-21 c Honduras FHIA AAAB Plantain hybrid AVP-67 (AAB) x SH-3142 (AA) FHIA-25 c,d Honduras FHIA AAB Cooking banana SH-3648 (4x) x SH-3142 (AA) TMB2x c Nigeria IITA AA Diploid hybrid Tjau lagada (AA) x Pisang lilin (AA) Seven advanced FHIA lines were evaluated (FHIA-01, FHIA-02, FHIA-17, FHIA-18, FHIA-21, FHIA-23, and FHIA-25)

40 BLS Gauhl s modification of Stover s scoring system was used to rate BLS severity, where: 0 = no symptoms; 1 = 1%; 2 = 2 to 5%; 3 = 5 to 15%; 4 = 16% to 33%; 5 = 34 to 50%; and 6 = > 50% of leaf area affected. A disease severity index was calculated as: [( nb) / (N-1)T] x100, where n = number of leaves with a given rating, b = rating, N = number of ratings/grades in the scale and T = total number of leaves scored

41 BLS Germplasm tested for response to black leaf streak and yield over two cropping cycles in Isabela, Puerto Rico Accession Disease severity index (%) Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Flowering Harvest Flowering Harvest CRBP c c 79 bc 09 defc 52 ef FHIA f 25 i 07 def 16 j FHIA cd 41 h 10 bcde 32 ghi FHIA f 47 gh 03 f 26 ij FHIA de 37 hi 10 bcde 29 hij PA a 64 def 24 a 42 fgh PA ef 73 cd 17 abc 49 ef PITA b 98 a 12 bcde 89 ab PV f 56 fg 06 ef 29 hij PV ef 91 ab 10 bcde 59 de PV ef 78 c 07 def 37 fghi PV ef 98 a 10 bcde 68 dc SH cd 91 ab 14 bcd 77 bc Grand Nain 21 c 99 a 18 ab 95 a Maricongo 34 b 68 cde 23 a 63 cde Yangambi km 5 38 b 60 ef 17 abc 47 efg FHIA-01 d FHIA-21 d TMB2x d The FHIA lines routinely exhibited excellent BLS tolerance at flowering and at harvest (which translates directly to functional leaves at harvest)

42 BLS Germplasm tested for response to black leaf streak and yield over two cropping cycles in Isabela, Puerto Rico Accession Disease severity index (%) Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Flowering Harvest Flowering Harvest Harvest data Bunch weight (kg), cycle 1 Bunch weight (kg), cycle 2 CRBP c c 79 bc 09 defc 52 ef 15.0 f 17.4 fg FHIA f 25 i 07 def 16 j 23.6 bc 33.6 b FHIA cd 41 h 10 bcde 32 ghi 43.1 a 39.7 a FHIA f 47 gh 03 f 26 ij 24.1 b 28.5 c FHIA de 37 hi 10 bcde 29 hij 44.2 a 36.4 ab PA a 64 def 24 a 42 fgh 6.9 h 7.0 h PA ef 73 cd 17 abc 49 ef 11.2 g 19.8 efg PITA b High 98 a bunch 12 bcde weights 89 ab 25.0 b 27.4 c PV f 56 fg 06 ef 29 hij 10.7 g 19.7 efg PV ef 91 ab 10 bcde 59 de 15.6 ef 22.0 def PV ef 78 c 07 def 37 fghi 17.5 ef 26.5 cd PV ef 98 a 10 bcde 68 dc 15.2 f 22.4 de SH cd 91 ab 14 bcd 77 bc 18.3 de 25.7 cd Grand Nain 21 c 99 a 18 ab 95 a 20.7 cd 24.3 cde Maricongo 34 b 68 cde 23 a 63 cde 16.5 ef 15.5 g Yangambi km 5 38 b 60 ef 17 abc 47 efg 17.1 ef 28.5 c FHIA-01 d FHIA-21 d TMB2x d

43 BLS Germplasm tested for response to black leaf streak and yield over two cropping cycles in Isabela, Puerto Rico Accession Disease severity index (%) Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Flowering Harvest Flowering Harvest Days planting to harvest of cycle 2 Harvest data Bunch weight (kg), cycle 1 Bunch weight (kg), cycle 2 CRBP c c 79 bc 09 defc 52 ef bc 15.0 f 17.4 fg FHIA f 25 i 07 def 16 j ef 23.6 bc 33.6 b FHIA cd 41 h 10 bcde 32 ghi a 43.1 a 39.7 a FHIA f 47 gh 03 f 26 ij b 24.1 b 28.5 c FHIA de 37 hi 10 bcde 29 hij a 44.2 a 36.4 ab PA a 64 def 24 a 42 fgh bc 6.9 h 7.0 h PA ef 73 cd 17 abc 49 ef f 11.2 g 19.8 efg PITA b High 98 a bunch 12 bcde weights, 89 ab cd 25.0 b 27.4 c PV f 56 fg 06 ef 29 hij ef 10.7 g 19.7 efg PV ef but 91 ab over 10 bcde longer 59 de de 15.6 ef 22.0 def PV ef 78 c 07 def 37 fghi de 17.5 ef 26.5 cd PV ef cycle 98 a times 10 bcde 68 dc cd 15.2 f 22.4 de SH cd 91 ab 14 bcd 77 bc de 18.3 de 25.7 cd Grand Nain 21 c 99 a 18 ab 95 a de 20.7 cd 24.3 cde Maricongo 34 b 68 cde 23 a 63 cde bc 16.5 ef 15.5 g Yangambi km 5 38 b 60 ef 17 abc 47 efg bc 17.1 ef 28.5 c FHIA-01 d FHIA-21 d TMB2x d

44 BN Viaene et al. 2003

45 BN Viaene et al. 2003

46 We have lost the best American who ever came to Honduras. Billy Pena, El Tiempo

47 We have lost the best American who ever came to Honduras. Billy Pena, El Tiempo Although he left us too soon, Phil left behind important contributions: 1) hybrid parents that combined necessary disease resistance with vast improvements in finger and bunch characters

48 We have lost the best American who ever came to Honduras. Billy Pena, El Tiempo Phil left behind important contributions: 1) hybrid parents that combined necessary disease resistance with vast improvements in finger and bunch characters, and 2) hybrid lines that combined these characters and performed well in under marginal conditions.

49 What would Phil be doing now?

50 What would Phil be doing now? He would be addressing problems Utilizing TR4 tolerance in SH-3142 in new hybrid progeny

51 What would Phil be doing now? He would be addressing problems Utilizing TR4 tolerance in SH-3142 in new hybrid progeny Addressing erosion of BLS tolerance in Calcutta 4 derived lines

52 What would Phil be doing now? He would be addressing problems Utilizing TR4 tolerance in SH-3142 in new hybrid progeny Addressing erosion of BLS tolerance in Calcutta 4 derived lines Helping understand BSV issues in hybrids with B genomes

53 x = SH-1734 = SH-3142

54 What would Phil be doing now? He would be addressing problems Utilizing TR4 tolerance in SH-3142 in new hybrid progeny Addressing erosion of BLS tolerance in Calcutta 4 derived lines Helping understand BSV issues in hybrids with B genomes Grappling with new disease problems (e.g. eumusae leaf spot, XBW, phytoplasma problem in PNG)

55 What would Phil be doing now? He would be addressing problems Utilizing TR4 tolerance in SH-3142 in new hybrid progeny Addressing erosion of BLS tolerance in Calcutta 4 derived lines Helping understand BSV issues in hybrids with B genomes Grappling with new disease problems (e.g. eumusae leaf spot, XBW, phytoplasma problem in PNG) Improving post-harvest and organoleptic qualities of FHIA hybrids

56 What would Phil be doing now? He would be addressing problems Utilizing TR4 tolerance in SH-3142 in new hybrid progeny Addressing erosion of BLS tolerance in Calcutta 4 derived lines Helping understand BSV issues in hybrids with B genomes Grappling with new disease problems (e.g. eumusae leaf spot, XBW, phytoplasma problem in PNG) Improving post-harvest and organoleptic qualities of FHIA hybrids Although much needs to be done to continue improving this crop, future work will benefit greatly from Phil s contributions

57 QUESTIONS?