Uzbekistan Towards 2030: Transition to the Resource-efficient Growth Model DRAFT
|
|
- Franklin Neal
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 This Policy Brief is prepared by the Center for Economic Research within the joint initiative of the United Nations Development Programme in Uzbekistan and the World Bank on developing Strategy of structural reforms in Uzbekistan for the period of 2030 Vision Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Towards 2030: Transition to the Resource-efficient Growth Model Center for Economic Research Shota Rustaveli Str., Tupik 1/5 Tashkent , Uzbekistan Tel: , /57/58/59; Fax: The publication reflects opinions and views of the working group, which may not coincide with the official point of view of the Center for Economic Research or UNDP. Tashkent 2015 UNDP Country Office in Uzbekistan 41/3 Mirabad street, Tashkent , Uzbekistan Tel: , ; Fax:
2 Contribution of natural capital to generation of economic growth is much higher in Uzbekistan compared to the upper middle income countries By 2030 Uzbekistan needs to join the group of upper-middle income countries, maintain annual growth rates at 8% and implement structural transformation of the economy by increasing the share of manufacturing industry from 9% to 22%, and the share of services from 45% to 55%. At the same time, the population is estimated to reach 37 million by Faster industrialization, population and income growth will significantly increase the need of the economy for resources and at the same time will augment negative manmade impact on the landscape, generating threats for biodiversity conservation. The key challenge in implementation of the long-term strategy is linked to the resource scarcity and risks of natural resource depletion needed for current and future generations. Will the existing model of resource use enable to achieve strategy objectives? According to the findings of the international assessment of the natural wealth of Uzbekistan, today the indicator of adjusted net savings, which takes into account depletion of resources and environmental degradation, has a negative value, while the net and gross saving values are positive. This means that the country is experiencing net loss of its stock of natural resources. This is closely linked to the prohibitively high resource intensive current model of economic growth, where the ratio of return on natural capital to the return of intangible capital in Uzbekistan is 0.56, compared to in the upper-middle income countries. This corresponds to over 6.5 times difference. Figure 1. Adjusted Net Savings in Uzbekistan have negative value the country will experience net loss of its reserves (% of GNP, 2010) 2
3 Table 1. Ratio of the Return on Natural Capital to the Return of Intangible Capital in Uzbekistan is 6.5 times as high as in the Upper-middle Income Countries (impact of 1% growth of assets on economic growth). Uzbekistan Upper-middle Income Economies Human capital Intangible capital Production capital Natural capital Expected economic growth 4-6% 8-10% If the current resourceintensive model of development is retained, the deficit of energy resources will account for 65.4% by 2030 Today, natural capital plays a much greater role in generating the economic growth compared to intangible capital. During the first years of transition the period characterised by low and moderate rates of economic growth - and in the context of inefficient development institutions, this growth model enabled the country to generate resources in order to boost the development of backbone industries and agriculture in a relatively short period. As transformation processes accelerate, reliance on the current model of economic growth will lead to a much greater rate of resource depletion. Failure to revisit the current model of the natural resource use will result in the loss of more than half of country s natural resource base by Firstly, if resource efficient strategies are not implemented the deficit of energy resources could grow sharply by 2030, thus limiting the opportunities to achieve long-term development goals. Demand for energy will continue to grow by 6.88% annually between due to the following reasons: Higher incomes will impact the structure of energy use by the population: greater use of air conditioners, computers, washing machines. In addition, increasing rates of urbanization in rural areas will spur greater energy use in the agrarian sector of the economy; Greater emphasis on processing local raw materials and commodities, primarily natural gas, cotton, silk, leather, fruits and vegetables, will increase energy consumption in the manufacturing sector; Adherence with the social rights will require measures to address the current hidden deficit (5.82% in 2013) by eliminating current under-consumption of energy. Secondly, given projected growth of population and the changing age structure (with increasing number of adult population), as well as higher incomes that has implications on volumes and demand for foodstuffs, there is high probability of deficit for certain goods. For example, with the current model of land and water resource management, the deficit of grain will be at 21.2%, meat at 48%, milk at 41%, sugar at 30%, and fruits at 23.6% respectively. 3
4 Figure 2. Under the current model of land and water resource management, the food deficit will grow, the quality of soil will deteriorate, and stocks of water will decline. Growth of food deficit will be caused by the limited land and water resources, as well as the projected climate change, which will increase the irrigation norms by 5-10% by 2030, leading to greater shortages of water for irrigation. Projected resource deficit indicates that production capacity by itself can not enable to achieve macroeconomic, social and transformational objectives towards The transition to the resource-efficient development model is essential. With the current model of land and water management, the deficit of grain will be at 21.2%, meat at 48%, fruit at 23.6% in 2030 Transition to the Resource-efficient Model in the Energy sector: Focus on the Fast-track There are two viable options of transition to the resource-efficient model: Option 1 phased: increase in extraction of energy resources by 1% before 2020, and by 2% after 2020, while reducing energy intensity down to 40% by In this case almost half of the deficit will be covered by expansion the production of energy resources and by increase in energy efficiency. 1% of the deficit can be covered by renewables and other unconventional sources of energy (0.6% by solar energy, 0.4% by biogas and other unconventional sources). Implementation of these strategies will provide opportunity to ensure economic growth at 5% per annum. In order to maintain 8% growth, this deficit needs to be covered by imports of energy resources (oil, electricity), which may turn the country into the net importer of energy resources. 4
5 Option 2 fast-track: growth in extraction of energy resources by 1-2% until 2020 and by 2-3% after 2020, combined with reduction of energy intensity by 2.3-fold until This option implies maximum use of the capacity both for producing energy resources and enhancing energy efficiency, thereby generating 5.5% surplus. Despite the surplus, renewables and unconventional sources of energy need to be developed (0.6% by solar energy, 0.4% by biogas, shale oil and other unconventional sources of energy) in order to diversify the structure of energy balance and generate multiplier effects for development of technologies, as well as generate demand in the adjacent sectors. According to this model, imports of liquid hydrocarbons will amount to 2% by Implementation of these strategies envisages: To ensure rapid economic growth and implement structural reforms towards 2030 without aggravating the resource scarcities and ecological risks, the resource efficient pattern of development needs to be introduced 1. Enhancing energy efficiency of the economy While in the phased model the timeline for implementation of energy efficiency measures may be extended for entire period until 2030, in the fasttrack model, it is necessary that the following key activities are completed in the first five years: 1. Complete phaseout of incandescent bulbs, replacement of outdated heating boilers in all sectors of the economy, including the households; replacement of all pumps into energy-efficient ones across-the-board, and launch of programs for energy-efficient buildings (refurbishment of existing buildings and construction of new ones). 2. Improve transparency systems to track financial and physical flows in the fuel and energy companies (ERP systems, electronic trading, transparency, IFRS reporting). 3. Change in the entire system of fee collection from the users of energy resources: introduction of online system of monitoring and billing for household users (implementation of modern technologies for smart metering of electricity). Improvements are also necessary in payment systems for agricultural producers (while ensuring that this does not negativley impact agricultural producers). 4. Introduction of modern technologies to monitor losses of hydrocarbon resources during transportation along long-distance and distribution networks (SCADA), and completion of the new power distribution networks and transformers by 2020; The charts below shows envisaged investments and returns on aforementioned measures: 5
6 Figure 3. Investments and Returns on Energy Efficiency Measures Energy conservation curves indicate the cost of energy generation in USD per kwh (bars, units of measurement on the left axis) and energy use after introduction of new technologies (curve and the data on the right axis indicate the fuel and energy costs as a percentage of current use of energy)) for each of proposed areas of energy efficiency or introduction of renewable energy sources. Presenting this combination of data in one chart enables to prioritize actions depending on the cost of energy generation and returns expected from energy efficiency. Prioritizing activities based on the curves helps to split the implementation of these measures by phases. 2. Solar energy should become the key driver for development of the energy sector by It s share in the national energy balance should increase at least to 6% with the following rationale in mind: 1) The country has significant solar energy potential. According to the expert assessments, potential of renewable sources of energy in Uzbekistan is about 51 billion t.o.e., technical potential is million t.o.e., which is 3.1 times as high as the current annual production of primary energy resources. 2) Development of solar energy may have multiplier effects on the economy and may significantly encourage demand in the satellite sectors, generate demand for labor, and thus, trigger acceleration of transformation processes. Estimates show that the total direct and indirect benefits (Level 1 multiplier effects generating demand in other sectors) will add up to USD 3.5 billion in 16 years, whereas the Level 2 multiplier effects (effects generated by higher consumption in the solar energy and related sectors) will add up to USD 0.87 billion, while the effects of natural gas savings will be USD 2.9 billion. In total, annual net benefits will total USD million. 6
7 3. Institutitional changes will play a key role in identifying comprehensive and coordinated solutions to implement aforementioned objectives. a) Once the monitoring systems of production, transportation and consumption are in place, emphasis should be placed on creation of corporations, which, while remaining in state ownership, will be co-managed by national and foreign managers with broad spectrum of responsibilities and oversight to ensure effective asset management. It is expected that such regulatory mechanisms will facilitate optimal business solutions and enhance the effectiveness of the sector in general. In addition, in order to enhance the operational effectiveness of the sector, it will be important to introduce reforms that would separate business functions from regulatory functions. This would free energy companies from a number of redundant functions and responsibilities and strengthen the decision making power of the boards of directors. Hence, it is proposed to set up one regulatory body the Ministry of Energy - and leave companies to explicitly focus on business operations. Maximum use of energy efficiency capacity will reduce energy consumption by 2.3 times and ensure the proficit of 5.5% in the energy balance by 2030 b) Following the universal introduction of monitoring and fee payment systems and a successful split between business and regulatory functions in the sector, attention can be placed on attracting private financing through implementation of independent energy projects (IEPs), which can be regulated based on agreements. The government can start implementing a number of IEPs to assess the market and project norms for broader engagement of private capital in future. For example, international competitive biddings for concessional agreements based on the principles construction management - transfer or construction ownership - management can raise private investments without having to introduce radical changes in the form of asset privatization. Gradual privatization of the system for energy distribution to end users can start post 2020, including, more gradually, privatization of transmission lines. In the presence of appropriate institutions this can facilitate greater efficiency of companies and, at the same time, enable them to generate investments for the sector. c) There is a need to introduce adequate incentives to ensure the use of efficient energy and a widescale use of renewable sources by gradualy increasing tariffs. Currently, in order to maintain competitiveness of companies in a number of sectors and to enable companies to fulfil social tasks, Uzbekistan is continuing the policy of low tariffs for natural gas in the domestic market. Inter alia, the price of natural gas for domestic users is nearly 1/4th of the export price. It appears expedient to gradually reduce the difference between prices for domestic consumers and export prices by raising domestic tariffs. At the same time, transformation costs need to be minimized: mechanisms to ensure affordability of energy for low-income groups (preferential tariffs) must be designed. 7
8 Resource efficiency in Land and Water Sectors: Focus on Intensification of Agriculture The following are suggested measures to introduce improvements in agricultural infrastructure and to transition to intensive methods of land and water use: Transformation of cropping pattern based on the country s comparative advantage will generate extra benefit of 4.8 bln. USD 1. Land Improvement Measures A) Altering cropping patterns and production structure of food crops with the focus on the products where Uzbekistan has a comparative advantage. Abolishing cultivation of cotton and grain on low-yield lands will enable to significantly enhance average crop yields, harvest and exports, margins for farmers, and radically improve the system of mutual settlements in the economy. Hence, if the cultivation of grains is reduced by 42,000 hectares on rainfed lands and instead this land is used for cultivating fruits, the average yield of fruits could be increased from 10 to 20 tons per hectare during Similarly, if cultivation of cotton on low-yield lands is reduced by 60,000 hectares in favor of vegetable crops, the average yield would increase from 30 to 48 tons per hectare, while implementing intensive methods of horticulture. Total gain for the economy can amount to USD 4.8 billion. Given the prospects of job creation related to processing of agricultural food crops, additional 133,600 jobs will be created. Table 2. Focus on Comparative Advantages will Produce Total Gain of USD 4.8 billion Vegetable VS Cotton Fruits VS Wheat Changes in the acreage of farmlands, thousand hectares Change in the yields, tons per hectare Changes in output, thousand tons Changes in production costs, billion soums Changes in export earnings (import costs), USD million Additional investments, USD million Change in employment Total Gain, USD million Creation of new jobs, in thousands b) Agronomic and Agrotechnical Measures and Introduction of Modern Agrotechnologies Technical measures include land rehabilitation and amelioration. The land area in need of rehabilitation is 1,550,000 hectares, whereas 782,000 hectares are in need of soil amelioration. Agronomical and cultural activites (building up organic matter in the soil, balanced plant nutrition, silvicultural reclamation) are required on all irrigated lands. 8
9 Introduction of the soil laser-levelling system can increase efficiency of production by 15-22% In order to increase yields in plant production and productivity in livestock farming, it is essential to create incentives for introduction and use of modern agrotechnologies. It would also be appropriate to introduce the system of laser-leveling, as a result of which mechanization costs can be reduced by 14%, use of labor by 23%, water use by 30%, irrigation costs (electricity, pumps) by 27%, respectively, and yield (of wheat) can increase by 400 kg per hectare. In general, profitability will go up from 15% to 22% in the first year, and up to 37% in the second year. Expansion of biodiversity and further diversification of agricultural food production are important in increasing efficiency in the use of resources and in gaining higher yield without negative impact on the ecosystems and consequently on the well-being of future generations. In this context, in addition to the conventional crops, it is appropriate to consider prospects of growing unconventional crops (e.g. pistachios). Creation of industrial pistachio plantations can be an effective alternative to the existing system of land use in the piedmont raindfed lands. For instance, according to the results of pilot projects, cultivation of pistachios in the piedmont rainfed lands is 50-time as profitable as cultivating wheat on these lands, whereas cattle grazing for the entire period accounts for merely 4.5% of the profit of cultivating pistachios during the same period. As a result of these measures, the area of lands with salination levels above the average will be reduced from 804,000 to 172,000 hectares in % of irrigated lands will be covered by amelioration measures by 2030 and the rating for land productivity will go up to good and high on 93% of irrigated lands. This will create favorable environment for the higher yield of crops and their overall harvest volumes. With projected yield growth, it is critical to create an effective system of food storage for agricultural produce harvested nationally. This implies significant upscaling of the refrigeration capacity up to 5.8 million cubic meters of cold storage by 2025 (compared to 1.14 million cubic meters in 2013). Total gains of increasing food storage capacity amounts to USD 2,095 billion. Furthermore, establishment of local manufacturing of refrigerators will generate spillover effects to other sectors in the amount of USD 2.4 billion. In addition, higher yields enable scaling up processing of foodstuffs for up to 30% in case of meat (currently at 6.9%); 50% in case of milk (11%); 30% in case of fruit and vegetable products (13.3%) and 35% in case of grapes (15%). With additional investments of USD 4.3 billion, return on processing will be USD 600 million, which will enable creation of additional 67,275 jobs both in the food processing industry and related sectors. 2. Efficient Use of Water Resources a) Significant expansion of water-efficient irrigation methods by 2030 include drip irrigation systems in the area of 100,000 hectares and creation of intensive farming zones in areas of piedmont and mountainous zones where the 9
10 soil is not affected by salinization. Set up of drip-irrigation on 100,000 hectares requires investments in the amount of USD million. This will enable to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers by 30% thus contributing to the reduced food production costs, and help address the issue of soil degradation. At the same time, yield of crops is estimated to increase by 40%. b) Enhancing efficiency of irrigation systems up to 0.74 and maintaining sustainable use and maintenance of irrigation and drainage infrastructure. It is important to re-use collector and drainage waters for irrigation by mixing with irrigation water and alternating freshwater-return water - freshwater scheme. Transition to the intensive methods of water use will enable reduction in total demand for irrigation water by Figure 4. Intensification will enable to improve the quality of soil and eliminate the deficit of water resources by 2030 Drip irrigation will boost the crop yield by 40% and decrease the consumption of fertilizers by 30% Planned range of measures in the framework of intensive water use will enable to cover the deficit of water resources for irrigation already by Institutional measures. According to the estimates, aforementioned measures for development of infrastructure and intensification of land and water use require major investments. Capacity development of institutions will be crucial in order to: a) ensure effectiveness of investments; b) support farmers in developing financial sustainability in order to generate additional resources for investments. Based on this, following areas of institutional reforms are proposed: (A) Reforming institutions and optimizing the size of farms in the agricultural sector. According to the estimates, reaching economies of scale requires the following parameters: the size of livestock farms need to be increased at least up to 1,000 heads, vegetable farms up to 85 hectares, and fruitgrowing farms up to 40 hectares. Increasing the size of farms will facilitate 10
11 higher effectiveness of food production. For example, optimization of land size will increase the productivity of livestock farms by 35%. Large farms will possess major administrative and financial resources and can become drivers of reforms. It is also important to create conditions for concentration of capital and support the establishment of modern agroindustrial complex, enhance effectiveness of procurement systems, as well as systems of distribution and processing. To benefit from the economies of scale the size of livestock farms need to be increased at least up to 1000 heads b) Promoting greater independence for farmers, by reducing government intervention and creating incentives for long-term investments Firstly, long-term strategy needs to envisage greater independence of farmers in decision-making related to land use. It is important to create more opportunities for crop rotation in order to improve soil quality and significantly enhance yields. Transfering farmland to those, who can use it effectively is an important and still underutilised measure in agricultural productivity. Such redistribution works best on market terms through bankruptcy, liquidation, and sublease. Moving forward, wider use of these mechanisms will be essential. Security and transparency in the system of land use (inter alia, lease agreements) is extremely important for long-term investments into improvement of soil quality. Secondly, the relationship between companies and Uzpakhtasanoat Association calls for re-assessment and revision. A farmer needs to know the basics on the output of cotton fiber, seeds, lint as well as humidity and infestation of each batch of cotton he/she delivers. Such transparency and objectivity may open up hidden reserves and strong incentives for farmers, which will lead to improved quality of produce and opportunities for additional profit margin, which can, in turn, be invested into land. B) Introduction of the mechanism of partial compensation of water supply costs for agricultural producers. Introduction of the system of fees for water supply services in Uzbekistan in the context of growing deficit of water resources and limited government funding for rehabilitation and maintenance of waterworks addresses two major goals: (i) Reducing government expenditures for maintenance of water supply infrastructure, primarily on-farm irrigation and melioration system, and enabling greater financial sustainability of water sector in the long-run; (ii) Forming an integrated system for stimulating rational use of water in agriculture on a national scale. It is notable that introduction of water supply service fee will be feasible once the financial sustainability of farmers is improved. Center for Economic Research Shota Rustaveli Str., Tupik 1/5 Tashkent , Uzbekistan Tel: , /57/58/59; Fax: The publication reflects opinions and views of the working group, which may not coincide with the official point of view of the Center for Economic Research or UNDP. Tashkent 2015 UNDP Country Office in Uzbekistan 41/3 Mirabad street, Tashkent , Uzbekistan Tel: , ; Fax:
Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects. Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University
Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University I. Success 1. For the past three decades (1978-2010), China
More informationProduction and consumption of wheat in Uzbekistan: issues and possible solutions
Production and consumption of wheat in Uzbekistan: issues and possible solutions Bakhrom Mirkasimov and Ziyodullo Parpiev (Westminster International University in Tashkent) OUTLINE Production of wheat
More informationTropentag 2015, Berlin, Germany September 16-18, 2015
Tropentag 2015, Berlin, Germany September 16-18, 2015 Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development organised by the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
More informationSwiss agriculture, agricultural policy and biodiversity
Department for Economic Affairs DEA Federal Office for Agriculture FOA Swiss agriculture, agricultural policy and biodiversity BioBio, Engelberg, 21 June 2012 Dominique Kohli, Assistant Director of the
More informationPAKISTAN BALOCHISTAN SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION PROJECT (SSIP) PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB1661 Project Name
PAKISTAN BALOCHISTAN SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION PROJECT (SSIP) PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB1661 Project Name Balochistan Small Scale Irrigation Project Region SOUTH ASIA
More informationJoint Framework for Action Ghana
Joint Framework for Action Ghana 1. Preamble Recognizing the vital role of the cocoa sector in Ghana in bringing jobs and wealth to local communities, while at the same time seeking to be environmentally
More informationAgriculture: Engine of Rural Economic Growth in Myanmar. Duncan Boughton, Aung Hein and Ben Belton Yangon, December 8, 2015
Agriculture: Engine of Rural Economic Growth in Myanmar Duncan Boughton, Aung Hein and Ben Belton Yangon, December 8, 2015 Why focus on rural economic growth? Agriculture makes many contributions to the
More informationFood Security in China from a Global Perspective
2nd Quarter 2017 32(2) Food Security in China from a Global Perspective Funing Zhong and Jing Zhu JEL Classifications: Q17, Q18 Keywords: Food security, China, Farmer income, Grain production, Policy Food
More informationThe Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the
Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in the European Union OECD 2011 Executive Summary The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the European Community under the Treaty
More informationNational Energy Policy of Ethiopia
National Energy of Ethiopia ENERGY POLICY OF THE TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA 1. PREAMBLE Ethiopia's Energy consumption is predominantly based on biomass energy sources. An overwhelming proportion
More informationChapter 2 Current Status of Mongolia s Economic and Social Development and Future Development Trends
Chapter 2 Current Status of Mongolia s Economic and Social Development and Future Development Trends Khashchuluun Chuluundorj Editor s introduction: As the head of the Mongolian government s primary planning
More informationTransformation of Agricultural Sector in Malaysia Through Agricultural Policy. Introduction
1 Transformation of Agricultural Sector in Malaysia Through Agricultural Policy Rozhan Abu Dardak 1 Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Malaysia Introduction Malaysia is
More informationDemand vs Supply of Food in India - Futuristic Projection
Published Online on 22 December 2016 Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 82 No. 5 December 2016 pp. 1579-1586 Printed in India. DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa /2016/48889 Demand vs Supply of Food in India - Futuristic Projection
More informationChina at a Glance. A Statistical Overview of China s Food and Agriculture. Fred Gale
China at a Glance A Statistical Overview of China s Food and Agriculture Fred Gale The United States and China are at very different stages of development and have quite different resource endowments that
More informationNational Water Demand Management Policy
National Water Demand Management Policy Introduction In 1997, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation developed Jordan s Water Strategy and the following four policies, which include: Water Utility Policy;
More informationThe Outlook for Agriculture and Fertilizer Demand for Urea, Compound and Organic in Indonesia
11/4/211 The Outlook for Agriculture and Fertilizer Demand for Urea, Compound and Organic in Indonesia Bambang Tjahjono Marketing Director of PT PUSRI Presented in 211 IFA Crossroads Asia-Pacific 2-4 November
More informationFish, Rice and Agricultural Land Use in Myanmar:
Fish, Rice and Agricultural Land Use in Myanmar: Preliminary findings from the Food Security Policy Project May 5, 2015 Ben Belton (MSU), Aung Hein, Kyan Htoo, Seng Kham (MDRI) Paul Dorosh and Emily Schmidt
More information( ) Page: 1/10 NOTIFICATION
20 September 2016 (16-4994) Page: 1/10 Committee on Agriculture Original: Spanish NOTIFICATION The following submission, dated 12 September 2016, is being circulated at the request of the delegation of
More informationEffective use of scientific cum technologically achievements and financing innovative projects in the agricultural sphere
Vol.2, No.1, 28-33 (2011) doi:10.4236/as.2011.21005 Agricultural Sciences Effective use of scientific cum technologically achievements and financing innovative projects in the agricultural sphere Babadjanov
More informationFEDERAL LAW NO. 100-FZ OF JULY 14, 1997 ON THE STATE REGULATION OF AGROINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
FEDERAL LAW NO. 100-FZ OF JULY 14, 1997 ON THE STATE REGULATION OF AGROINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION Passed by the State Duma July 19, 1996 Approved by the Federation Council August 7, 1996 The present Federal
More informationPlantations for Australia: The 2020 Vision. Presentation to the. Workshop on Forestry. Strategic Planning in the. Asia-Pacific Region
Plantations for Australia: The 2020 Vision Presentation to the Workshop on Forestry Strategic Planning in the Asia-Pacific Region Ben Mitchell, International Forest Policy 3 November 2013 Overview Introduction
More informationPACHA THE ANDEAN PLATEAU, PARAMO, CAMELIDS AND YARN PROGRAM
PACHA THE ANDEAN PLATEAU, PARAMO, CAMELIDS AND YARN PROGRAM 2014-2024 PACHA INTRODUCTION This brief presents a livelihoods program targeting vulnerable and excluded families living in the rural highlands
More informationArab Fund for Economic and Social Development and Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development and Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development Joint Technical Meeting Arab Coordination Group Institutions and The OECD Development Assistance Committee Vienna,
More informationLao PDR Country Paper Current Status of Agriculture Mechanization and Marketing
Lao PDR Country Paper Current Status of Agriculture Mechanization and Marketing The 2nd Regional Forum on Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization - Enabling Environment for Custom Hiring of Agricultural
More informationMINISTÈRE DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES ET EUROPÉENNES 20 December /5 6th World Water Forum Ministerial Process Draft document
MINISTÈRE DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES ET EUROPÉENNES 20 December 2011 1/5 6th World Water Forum Ministerial Process Draft document 1. We the Ministers and Heads of Delegations assembled in Marseille, France,
More informationExtensive livestock farming in Morocco: from marginal territories to major social and environmental roles
Extensive livestock farming in Morocco: from marginal territories to major social and environmental roles Dr. SRAÏRI Mohamed Taher Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute Rabat, 10 101, MOROCCO
More informationProblems Faced by the Agricultural Sector and Agribusiness Development Strategy in Georgia
Problems Faced by the Agricultural Sector and Agribusiness Development Strategy in Georgia E. Kharaishvili, G. Erkomaishvili, M. Chavleishvili Abstract The importance of agribusiness development is proved
More informationCONTRACT FARMING IN VIETNAM
CONTRACT FARMING IN VIETNAM Nguyen Ha Hue National Institute of Agricultural Planning and Projection, Ministry of Agriculture and Development, Vietnam CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND 2. OVERVIEW OF CONTRACT FARMING
More informationFactors Influencing Economic Viability of Marginal and Small Farmers in Punjab 1
Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 22 July-December 2009 pp 269-279 Factors Influencing Economic Viability of Marginal and Small Farmers in Punjab 1 Mandeep Singh*, A.S. Bhullar and A.S. Joshi
More informationCIRCLES June 18, Richard Berkland VALMONT IRRIGATION Valleyirrigation.com
CIRCLES June 18, 2014 Richard Berkland VALMONT IRRIGATION Valleyirrigation.com 1 Pivot development in Western U.S. 2 Hectares Irrigated by Method - USA Source: 1998, 2003, 2008 Farm and Ranch Irrigation
More informationJohn Deere. Committed to Those Linked to the Land. Market Fundamentals. Deere & Company June/July 2014
John Deere Committed to Those Linked to the Land Market Fundamentals Deere & Company June/July 2014 Safe Harbor Statement & Disclosures This presentation includes forward-looking comments subject to important
More informationSowing opportunities to reap the fruits of development.
The Emilia-Romagna Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 The Emilia-Romagna Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development Europe investing in rural areas Sowing
More informationYEMEN PLAN OF ACTION. Towards Resilient and Sustainable Livelihoods for Agriculture and Food and Nutrition Security SUMMARY
YEMEN PLAN OF ACTION Towards Resilient and Sustainable Livelihoods for Agriculture and Food and Nutrition Security 2014 2018 SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Yemen, one of the least developed countries in the world,
More informationAgricultural Outlook Forum 2002 Presented: Friday, February 22, 2002 CHINA S ACCESSION TO WTO: IMPLICATIONS FOR US AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
Agricultural Outlook Forum 2002 Presented: Friday, February 22, 2002 CHINA S ACCESSION TO WTO: IMPLICATIONS FOR US AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS Neilson Conklin 1 Director, Market and Trade Economics Division,
More informationChallenges of Maintaining the Terraces in the Highlands
YEMEN Challenges of Maintaining the Terraces in the Highlands Current Status of Water Resources Extremely Scarce Average annual water consumption YEMEN:125 m 3 /person/year MENA Average: 1,250 m 3 /person/year
More informationCarbonic Imbalance in the atmosphere main cause of the Global Warming and Climate Change
*K.Iskandarova, **M.Karabayev *National Center for Biotechnology, Kazakhstan **International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center CIMMYT, KazAgroInnovation JSC of the Ministry of Agriculture of Kazakhstan
More informationThe Role of Agriculture in Nigeria s Economic Growth A General Equilibrium Analysis (Paper in progress) Marinos Tsigas and Simeon Ehui
16 May 2006 The Role of Agriculture in Nigeria s Economic Growth A General Equilibrium Analysis (Paper in progress) Marinos Tsigas and Simeon Ehui Introduction Nigeria faces serious poverty challenges.
More informationChina s Agricultural Machinery Industry: A Global Perspective
43 China s Agricultural Machinery Industry: A Global Perspective Dr. Chen Zhi Chairman, China Association of Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers Dr. Chen Zhi, PH.D in Engineering, is a renowned researcher
More informationCHANGES IN THE RELATIONS OF PRODUCTION FACTORS IN AGRICULTURE (THE CASE OF POLAND)
CHANGES IN THE RELATIONS OF PRODUCTION FACTORS IN AGRICULTURE (THE CASE OF POLAND) Dariusz KUSZ Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Management, Rzeszów al. Powstańców Warszawy 10, 35-959 Rzeszów,
More informationProgress and Potential of Horticulture in India
Ind. Jn. of Agri.Econ. Vol.63, No.3, July-Sept. 2008 SUBJECT I TRIGGERING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HORTICULTURE CROPS Progress and Potential of Horticulture in India Ramesh Chand, S.S. Raju and
More informationISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION IN IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN NAMIBIA
ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION IN IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN NAMIBIA TOWARDS A FOOD SECURE NATION - within the context of National Development Plan (NDP4) 22 August 2012 Polytechnic of Namibia Hotel
More informationRevitalizing Agriculture for Poverty Reduction and Economic Growth
Revitalizing Agriculture for Poverty Reduction and Economic Growth A Presentation to the Consultative Group Meeting for Kenya by Hon. Kipruto arap Kirwa, EGH., MP. Minister for Agriculture April 11 2005
More informationAgriculture and economic development in Uzbekistan
Agriculture and economic development in Uzbekistan Numonjon Malikov 1, Artan Qineti 2, Alim Pulatov 3 Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra 1,2 Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Economic
More informationProducer price index 1998/99 to 2002/03 (July to June) / / / / /03 Year
Economic review for the 12 months that ended on 30 June 2003 Volume of agricultural production During 2002/03, the estimated total volume of agricultural production was 3 % lower than during 2001/02. As
More informationIrrigation Investment. The case of Ethiopia
Irrigation Investment The case of Ethiopia 1.Brief Profile of the Country 1.1. Land Ethiopia covers an area of 1.14 Million km square. 1.2. Location Situated in North Eastern Africa Bordering With Sudan,
More informationChapter 9: Adoption and impact of supplemental irrigation in wheat-based systems in Syria
Chapter 9: Adoption and impact of supplemental irrigation in wheat-based systems in Syria 131 132 Chapter 9: Adoption and impact of supplemental irrigation in wheat-based systems in Syria A. Bader, N.
More informationInternational Workshop on Linkages between the Sustainable Development Goals & GBEP Sustainability Indicators
Bioenergy for Sustainable Development International Workshop on Linkages between the Sustainable Development Goals & GBEP Sustainability Indicators German Development Institute Bonn, 3 July 2017 Jeff Skeer
More informationEnergy, Agriculture and Food Security. Prabhu Pingali Deputy Director, Agriculture Development
Energy, Agriculture and Food Security Prabhu Pingali Deputy Director, Agriculture Development Talk to the National Academies Round Table on Science and Technology for Sustainability. Views expressed are
More informationKuznetsov Nicolay Gennadevich. Rostov State University of Economics (RINH), Rostov on Don, Russia
Economics World, February 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1-2, 47-53 doi: 10.17265/2328-7144/2015.0102.004 D DAVID PUBLISHING Investments in the Russian Agriculture Under the Economic, Political Volatility Kuznetsov
More informationMEMO 27 June District heating and combined heat and power in China
MEMO 27 June 2013 File no. Ref. Ole Odgaard Page 1 District heating and combined heat and power in China District heating has expanded rapidly in Northern China since the beginning of the 1990 s. Residential
More informationBiofuels and Food Security A consultation by the HLPE to set the track of its study.
Biofuels and Food Security A consultation by the HLPE to set the track of its study. Discussion No. 80 from 8 to 28 May 2012 In October 2011, the CFS has recommended that appropriate parties and stakeholders
More informationProblems of Punjab Agriculture
Problems of Punjab Agriculture Agricultural issues in Punjab 1.Monocropping and Faulty Cropping Practices The primary reason for the looming environmental crisis in Panjab is the introduction of intensive
More informationInformation on LULUCF actions by Sweden. First progress report
Information on LULUCF actions by Sweden First progress report 2016 This information on LULUCF actions by Sweden responds the request set out in article 10 of Decision [529/2013/EU] on Land-Use, Land-Use
More informationChapter 13 of Agenda 21
Chapter 13 of Agenda 21 What is Agenda 21? Agenda 21 is the global plan of action that was adopted at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
More informationWater Policy and Poverty Reduction in Rural Area: A Comparative Economywide Analysis for Morocco and Tunisia
Water Policy and Poverty Reduction in Rural Area: A Comparative Economywide Analysis for Morocco and Tunisia Workshop on Agricultural Trade and Food Security in the Euro-Med Area Antalya, Turkey, September
More informationThe fate of agriculture in MENA countries
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California, Davis Rosenberg International Forum on Water Policy Aqaba, Jordan March 24-25, 2013 Water scarcity and agriculture in MENA Water
More informationBRAZILIAN SEED MARKET NEWS. By MNAGRO
BRAZILIAN SEED MARKET NEWS By MNAGRO AGRIBUSINESS IN BRAZIL KEEPS GROWING CONAB, the Brazilian Agriculture Supply government entity recently estimate what should be the last figure for Brazilian grain
More informationSudan Country Economic Memorandum: Realizing the Potential For Diversified Development
Sudan Country Economic Memorandum: Realizing the Potential For Diversified Development Public Launch Michael Geiger Khartoum 25 September 2016 Outline What is structural transformation and where does Sudan
More informationPOLAND Agriculture Policies and programmes to achieve food security and sustainable agriculture
POLAND Agriculture Policies and programmes to achieve food security and sustainable agriculture These strategies and programmes incorporate in the present programming period: National Strategic Plan for
More informationThe Rice Economy in Myanmar and Relevance for the Delta
The Rice Economy in Myanmar and Relevance for the Delta Keynote Presentation by Francesco Goletti Agrifood Consulting International (ACI) Roundtable Meeting on Rice Sector in the Lower Delta: Creating
More informationDriving forces The driving forces which largely determine the prospects of the agricultural sector are mainly international and European developments
Summary Introduction This report was commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, mainly to answer the question: what are the prospects of the agricultural sector in the Netherlands
More informationFORESTS, DEVELOPMENT, AND CLIMATE ACHIEVING A TRIPLE WIN
FORESTS, DEVELOPMENT, AND CLIMATE ACHIEVING A TRIPLE WIN THE FOREST INVESTMENT PROGRAM (FIP), a funding window of the CIF, provides indispensable direct investments to benefit forests, development and
More informationAgricultural Innovation
Agricultural Innovation Sustainable Transformation of innovation in agriculture sector is called development. Agriculture Sector Development means market expansion and poverty alleviation of 70% population
More informationYUMA AREA AGRICULTURE. Mr. William J. Moody
YUMA AREA AGRICULTURE Mr. William J. Moody Yuma Area Agriculture Agriculture continues to be a major contributor to the economy of Yuma County, accounting for about 40% of our economic base. Winter vegetable
More informationCRITERIA FOR SELECTING COUNTRY AND REGIONAL PILOTS UNDER THE FOREST INVESTMENT PROGRAM
FIP/SC.1/5/Rev.1 November 11, 2009 Meeting of the FIP Sub-Committee Washington, D.C. October 29, 2009 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING COUNTRY AND REGIONAL PILOTS UNDER THE FOREST INVESTMENT PROGRAM Proposed Sub-Committee
More informationpdfmachine trial version
ROLE OF AGRICULTURE FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN PAKISTAN By Dr. Allah Bakhsh Sufi 1, Talib Hussain and Muhammad Anwar ABSTRACT According to Pakistan Economic Survey 2008-09, 38% of Pakistan s population
More informationImpact of Liberalization on the Performance of Indian Agriculture
Impact of Liberalization on the Performance of Indian Agriculture Balaji Vejju (Ph.D. Research Scholar, School of Economics, University of Hyderabad, Telangana, India) Abstract: Agricultural sector is
More information*Document produced with support from Oxfam International The complete document can be consulted at:
Impact of the US-Colombia FTA on the Small Farm Economy in Colombia* Luis Jorge Garay Fernando Barberi Iván Cardona *Document produced with support from Oxfam International The complete document can be
More informationPromoting Competitive Agricultural Production in Zimbabwe A Focus on Row crops
Promoting Competitive Agricultural Production in Zimbabwe A Focus on Row crops To be presented by the Joint Farmers Union Presidents Council to the Governor the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe 1. The main row
More informationTHE FARM BILL AND THE WESTERN HAY INDUSTRY. Daniel A. Sumner and William Matthews 1
THE FARM BILL AND THE WESTERN HAY INDUSTRY Daniel A. Sumner and William Matthews 1 ABSTRACT Farm subsidies have been a part of U.S. agriculture for eight decades. The 2014 farm bill changed the form of
More informationIndian Fertilizer Market
Indian Fertilizer Indian Fertilizer The Indian fertilizer industry has played a pivotal support role in the Indian agricultural industry. The growth in the use of chemical fertilizers amongst the farmers
More informationTHE SOUTH AFRICAN GRAIN MARKETS QUARTERLY EARLY WARNING REPORT NO. 01 OF 2013
THE SOUTH AFRICAN GRAIN MARKETS QUARTERLY EARLY WARNING REPORT 1. SUMMARY NO. 01 OF 2013 The domestic closing stocks for maize in the current season are expected to contract by about 21.39% on the back
More informationPOTENTIAL CHALLENGES FOR BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS
2nd Quarter 2011 26(2) POTENTIAL CHALLENGES FOR BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS Mary Clare Ahearn JEL Classifications: Q12, Q14, Q14, Q18, R12 Keywords: Beginning Farmer and Rancher, Farm Finances, Access
More informationCONTRACT FARMING MODEL
CONTRACT FARMING MODEL CONTRACT FARMING: What is it and why use it? CHALLENGE: Smallholder farmers face a range of issues at the farm level: they produce limited quantities of low-quality supply, lack
More informationThe Role of Irrigation in Agricultural Development and Poverty Alleviation at Rural Community of Iran
LOGO The Role of Irrigation in Agricultural Development and Poverty Alleviation at Rural Community of Iran 1523 October 2011, Tehran, Iran Presented By: Enayatollah Farahani 2 Introduction Historically,
More informationSpecial Seminar on Food Security: Focusing on Water management and Sustainable Agriculture
Special Seminar on Food Security: Focusing on Water management and Sustainable Agriculture Kyi Myint Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Location Latitude 9 58-28 31 N Longitude 92 9-100 10 E Country
More informationTHE PATHWAYS TO CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN MALAWI; a case study of tobacco production in Malawi
THE PATHWAYS TO CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN MALAWI; a case study of tobacco production in Malawi INTRODUCTION Crop diversification has been one of the strategies which Malawi has been trying to achieve for
More informationAgriculture and Food Processing in Washington State Economic Impacts and Importance of Water
Agriculture and Food Processing in Washington State Economic Impacts and Importance of Water 2015 PNWER Conference July 14, 2015 Spencer Cohen Senior Economist spencer@communityattributes.com Contents
More informationAgriculture Sector Analysis
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Dissemination Note Series Romania: Toward a Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Economy
More informationA data portrait of smallholder farmers
A data portrait of smallholder farmers An introduction to a dataset on small-scale agriculture The Smallholder Farmers Dataportrait is a comprehensive, systematic and standardized data set on the profile
More information1.1 Role of agriculture in the Ethiopian economy
1.1 Role of agriculture in the Ethiopian economy Ethiopia is an agrarian country where about 85% of the people depend on farming for their livelihoods in the rural areas (Degefu, 2003). The contribution
More informationUnappreciated Facts about Staple Food Markets: The Potential for Win-Win Outcomes for Governments, Farmers, Consumers and the Private Sector
Unappreciated Facts about Staple Food Markets: The Potential for Win-Win Outcomes for Governments, Farmers, Consumers and the Private Sector T.S. Jayne and colleagues Michigan State University Presented
More informationCAP Reform and Agro-food complex Analyses and Conclusions of Scenar 2020-II ECNC, LEI-WUR, ZALF
CAP Reform and Agro-food complex Analyses and Conclusions of Scenar Study for EC, DGAgri Hans van Meijl (LEI-WUR) ECNC, LEI-WUR, ZALF Presentation Overview Scenar 1 & Scenar 2: challenges & scenarios Economic
More informationSHADES OF GREEN. Biomass production Sustainability concerns. Demonstration: Mozambique. Rationale
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Energy & Resources SHADES OF GREEN Shades of Green: Variability in sustainability of biomass production E&R seminar series 29 January 2015 Dr. Floor van
More informationWhat is missing? Value Addition
By: Waheed Shaikh Prepare Land Manage the crop Harvest it Sell it What is missing? Value Addition What value addition is Tast e App earn ce Fresh ness Uniqu eness Clean lines s Relia ble Value added agriculture
More informationMAIN REPORT of SOCIO ECONOMIC BASELINE SURVEY (SEBS) AND PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS - ROME Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS Project GCSP/INS/073/JPN) MAIN REPORT of SOCIO ECONOMIC BASELINE SURVEY (SEBS) AND PARTICIPATORY
More informationLivestock Sector Trends and Development Issues. François Le Gall, World Bank
Livestock Sector Trends and Development Issues François Le Gall, World Bank CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SECTOR Income and employment o Supports the livelihood of about 1 billion poor, of which 27% in South East
More informationAZERBAIJAN ECONOMIC REFORMS REVIEW
April 2017 AZERBAIJAN ECONOMIC REFORMS REVIEW Editor-in-chief : Dr. Vusal Musayev PhD in Economics London University THE STRATEGIC ROADMAP FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONSUMER GOODS IN AZERBAIJAN AT THE LEVEL
More informationTackling Tariff Design. Making distribution network costs work for consumers
Tackling Tariff Design Making distribution network costs work for consumers Contents Introduction 02 What s driving change? 05 Alternative tariff designs 07 Impacts on consumers bills 11 Reflections and
More informationPhilippine Agricultural and Food Policies: Implications on Poverty and Income Distribution
Philippine Agricultural and Food Policies: Implications on Poverty and Income Distribution Caesar B. Cororaton (Virginia Tech) Erwin L. Corong (IFPRI) Presented at the Annual Meeting of International Agricultural
More informationThe Water-Energy-Food Nexus from the Food perspective
The Water-Energy-Food Nexus from the Food perspective Alessandro Flammini and Manas Puri - FAO Introduction During 2012-14, around 805 million people were estimated to be undernourished globally and one
More informationRising Food Prices in East Asia: Challenges and Policy Options
Rising Food Prices in East Asia: Challenges and Policy Options Luc Christiaensen,, World Bank, presentation at the Managing Vulnerability in East Asia workshop, Bangkok, June 25-26, 26, 2008 Outline Where
More informationAgriculture in A changing world. Dr. Agnes M. Kalibata Minister of State in charge of Agriculture (Rwanda)
Agriculture in A changing world Dr. Agnes M. Kalibata Minister of State in charge of Agriculture (Rwanda) Characteristics of Agriculture in Africa Largest contributor to GDP (32%) Main source of income
More informationSIKKIM ORGANIC MISSION
SIKKIM ORGANIC MISSION Policy Vision and Mission Organic farming is a practice being adopted by the farming community of the state for ages. But in due course of time when chemical fertilisers and pesticides
More informationPublic Policy and Agriculture
Public Policy and Agriculture Dr. Jeff Burkhardt With Dr. John VanSickle Food & Resource Economics Department University of Florida Florida Outlook Conference November 13, 2012 Why Public Policy? Why Public
More informationChapter 9. Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development. Copyright 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Chapter 9 Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development Copyright 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Importance of Agricultural and Rural Development Heavy emphasis in the past on rapid
More informationFood Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan
JSC Rating Agency of the Regional Financial Center of Almaty 136 Dostyk ave., 9 th floor, office 904, 050051 Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan Food Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Analytical service
More informationAn introduction to incentives for forest-water ecosystem services. Thomas Enters, UNEP
An introduction to incentives for forest-water ecosystem services Thomas Enters, UNEP Forest-water ecosystem services What do we know? There is a solid body of scientific information, developed over past
More informationFOOD MARKET IN POLAND (current state and trends)
2009 Creativity, Innovation and Management Proceedings of the 10th International Conference Sousse, Tunisia, 25 28 November FOOD MARKET IN POLAND (current state and trends) Prof. Szwacka-Mokrzycka Joanna
More informationAGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MENA
S E C T O R B R I E F AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MENA West Bank & Gaza Integrated Community Development Project The Project goals are to improve the quality, and availability of basic social, and
More information