2012: Weed Management and Crop Injury when Intercropping Melons and Cotton
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1 2012: Weed Management and Crop Injury when Intercropping Melons and Cotton Peter Eure*, Stanley Culpepper, Brian Tankersley, and Rand Merchant The University of Georgia Tifton, Ga
2 Cantaloupe or watermelon intercropped with cotton Increase resource efficiency Improve grower profit Stability in production Introduction
3 Cantaloupe and Cotton Intercropped (Tift County, GA)
4 Objectives 1. Identify herbicide systems to manage troublesome weeds in melon-cotton intercropping production 2. Determine the profitability of melon-cotton intercropping versus a monoculture of melon or cotton
5 Hypothesis 1. Herbicide options exist to adequately control weeds in melon-cotton intercropping systems 2. Crop value per acre will be greater when melon and cotton are intercropped versus a monoculture of melon or cotton
6 Materials and Methods Two separate field studies conducted at TyTy, Georgia on a Tifton loamy sand during 2011 Cantaloupe Watermelon Each study consisted of: Two planting dates of melon-cotton intercrops, three herbicide systems and a non-treated control Melon and cotton alone were planted for each planting date to serve as comparisons
7 Materials and Methods Melons were transplanted into a 0.8 mil plastic mulch having an 18 wide bed top Cotton plantings for each planting date were made when the initial melon vine reached the mulch edge PHY 499 WRF was planted on 36 inch row spacing, using a 2-row planter centered over the plastic mulch
8 Cotton Intercropping systems were managed for melon production until harvest
9 Material and Methods Data recorded throughout the season: Visual estimates of Palmer amaranth control Melon and cotton injury Melon vine length Cotton height Melon and cotton yield Melon harvested by hand Cotton harvested using a spindle picker designed for small plot research
10 Material and Methods Total crop value per acre of intercropping systems and monoculture systems were calculated Total crop value/a=value of total products generated-cost to produce crop Data subjected to ANOVA and means separated using Fisher s Protected LSD (p 0.05) when appropriate
11 Cantaloupe-cotton intercropping Athena cantaloupe transplanted: Transplant date 1: April 5, 2011 Transplant date 2: April 20, 2011 Herbicide treatments in intercropping systems: 1.Ethalfluralin (0.75 lbs ai/a) preplant 2.Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen (0.25 lb ai/a) preplant 3.Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen preplant fb Halosulfuron (0.032 lb ai/a) + NIS (0.25% v/v) 10 days after transplant 4.Non-treated control Herbicide treatments in monoculture systems: Melon: Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen preplant Cotton: Sequential applications of Glufosinate + S- metolachloror Glyphosate + Acetochlor when sensitive weeds were less than three inches tall
12
13 Palmer amaranth control prior to cantaloupe harvest Ethalfluralin Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen fb Halosulfuron LSD(P 0.05)=2
14 Non-treated control *Average of 57 Palmer amaranth in NTC **Picture taken 8 weeks after transplant Ethalfluralin+ Fomesafen fb Halosulfuron
15 Cantaloupe Yield NTC Ethalfluralin Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen *Data pooled over planting and harvest dates Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen fb Halosulfuron Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen (Cantaloupe Only) LSD(P 0.05)=558
16 Palmer amaranth control prior to cotton harvest *Data pooled over planting dates LSD(P 0.05)=5
17 Lint Cotton Yield NTC Ethalfluralin Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen fb Halosulfuron Cotton Only LSD(P 0.05)=119
18 Cantaloupe-cotton intercropping vs. monoculture *Data pooled over planting dates **Calculated using $530 and $2,450 as the cost to produce and harvest cotton and cantaloupe, respectively. Cotton value set at $0.92/lb. and cantaloupe value set at $1.00/fruit.
19 Watermelon-cotton intercropping Melody (seedless) watermelon transplanted: For pollination, Sangria transplanted every fourth plant Transplant date 1: March 23, 2011 Transplant date 2: April 7, 2011 Herbicide treatments in intercropping systems 1.Ethalfluralin(0.75 lbs ai/a) preplant 2.Ethalfluralin+ Fomesafen(0.25 lb ai/a) preplant 3.Ethalfluralin+ Fomesafen + Terbacil(0.2 lb ai/a) preplant 4.Non-treated control Herbicide treatments in monoculture systems: Melon: Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen preplant Cotton: Sequential applications of Glufosinate + S- metolachloror Glyphosate + Acetochlor when sensitive weeds were less than three inches tall
20 Palmer amaranth control prior to watermelon harvest Ethalfluralin Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen + Terbacil
21 Non-treated control *Average of 160 Palmer amaranth in NTC **Picture taken 8 weeks after transplant Ethalfluralin+ Fomesafen
22 TerbacilInjury
23 Watermelon Yield NTC Ethalfluralin Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen + Terbacil Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen (Watermelon Only) *Data pooled over planting and harvest dates LSD(P 0.05)= 6696
24 Palmer amaranth control prior to cotton harvest *Data pooled over planting dates LSD(P 0.05)= 7
25 Lint Cotton Yield NTC Ethalfluralin Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen Ethalfluralin + Fomesafen + Terbacil Cotton Only LSD(P 0.05)= 41
26 Watermelon-cotton intercropping vs. monoculture *Data pooled over planting dates **Calculated using $530 and $2900 as the cost to produce and harvest cotton and watermelon, respectively. Cotton value set at $0.92/lb. and watermelon value set at $0.15/lb.
27 Conclusions Melon-cotton intercropping improved total crop value per acre as compared to a monoculture of melons or cotton Herbicide options exist for adequate control of troublesome weeds in melon-cotton intercropping systems Fomesafenis not registered for use in watermelon or cantaloupe Halosulfuronand ethalfluralinare not registered for use in cotton
28 Future Research Registration of fomesafen for use in watermelon and cantaloupe Registration of preplant applications of halosulfuron and ethalfluralin for cotton Complete a comprehensive economic budget comparison of these systems
29 Questions or Comments?
30 Introduction Background on spring melon production Transplant late March to late April Harvest mid to late June Melons followed by plant grain sorghum Smith and Smith, 2011
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