Government actions on EMS/AHPND in Thailand

Transcription

1 FAO TCP/INT/3502 Reducing and managing the risk of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) of Cultured Shrimp Government actions on EMS/AHPND in Thailand Putth Songsangjinda*, Tidaporn Chaweepack, Chutima Khomvilai and Jumroensri Thawonsuwan Department of Fisheries, Thailand * putthsj@yahoo.com June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City 1

2 2700 km of coastline Tropical climate, Ideal for coastal aquaculture Basic biophysical of the coastal areas Appropriate aquaculture technologies Gulf of Thailand Andaman sea 2

3 Production area about 70,000 ha Total 20,527 shrimp farmers of which 80% is classified as a small scale shrimp farmer. In 2011: Black tiger shrimp 1%, White shrimp 99% 300 Processing plants are HACCP certified Productivity about 550,000 ton/yr. Exported shrimp 400,000 ton/yr 50% exported to USA, 18% Japan, 11% EU, and 21% others About 0.7 million people are involving in this sector 3

4 Annual Shrimp production (ton) 600, , , , ,000 L. vannamei P. monodon MSGS outbreak WSSV outbreak YHV outbreak EMS/AHPND outbreak 100,000 0 Year 4

5 The impact outbreak of EMS/AHPND on shrimp production in Thailand and potential loss of shrimp production in comparison to production in 2011 Annual Production (Tonnes) Potential loss of shrimp production Year during the outbreak of P. monodon L. vannamei Total EMS/AHPND in comparison to production in , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,751 Total potential loss in shrimp production 529,017 Source: Department of Fisheries, Thailand 5

6 The amount of broodstock was about 115,100 pairs within 6 years of a peak introduction until the year 2008 for nauplii production. CPF, Thailand has shown its significant performance in genetic improvement on breeding program development of whiteleg shrimp under high bio-security facility for production of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) broodstock for commercial use. Since 2008 the introduction of broodstock from had been rapidly declined. Quality farm bred broodstock is lower than the SPF broodstock, indicating by a level bio-security at farm and a shortage in breeding lifespan (about 2 months after ablation instead of about 4 months). life feeds used for broodstock maturation such as polychete, mussel etc., those are potentially contaminated by Vibriosis bacteria. 6

7 Laboratory investigation (% of occurrence) of the commercial postlarvae (PL) used in the farms of eastern part of Thailand during May 2013 Laboratory Investigation % of occurrence Viral infection (WSSV) 0 Vibrio ssp. > 10 3 cfu/g 87 External Protozoa 3 Filamentous Bacteria 0 Incomplete Pereopods, Pleopods 90 Abnormal Hepatopancreas + 16, ++ 81, (Chaweepack, unpublished data) + (slightly abnormal) ++ (heavy abnormal) +++ (very heavy abnormal) 7

8 EMS / AHPND weak PL, fluctuate/unsuitable pond conditions How can stabilize good pond conditions especially from 1-45 days of culture Pond bottom preparation: excessive organic matters promote growth of Vibriosis bacteria involve in the fluctuation of pond quality due to its organic/nutrient enrichment. Water preparation: The use of untreated water or direct pump into growout pond is risky to the contamination of V. parahaemolyticus (EMS/AHPND strain). 8

9 How can stabilize good pond conditions especially from 1-45 days of culture (cont.) Stocking density: stocking higher than pond carrying capacity leads to the deterioration of pond conditions and fluctuation in biotic and abiotic parameters in the pond. Feed and feeding: The over feeding results in excessive of uneaten feed, accelerate the anoxic or poor condition of shrimp bottom and stress to shrimp health. Water quality fluctuation: due to climate variation altering ecosystem and stress to shrimp. The dead phytoplankton from which is favorite substrate of Vibriosis bacteria. 9

10 National Restraint of EMS was launched in hatcheries located in 22 provinces were inspected for their sanitary practices, quality of PL contamination of Vibrio spp. (green colony) and virus some of these hatcheries were not good in maintain of sanitation and PL Several sets of guidance were suggested for the improvement including Case definition of EMS/AHPNS, Checklists and sanitary improvement in hatchery, broodstock management, PL quality standard General guidance for prevention and loss mitigation in hatchery and farm 10

11 Improve sanitation in broodstock facility and hatcheries 11

12 The efficiency of biosecurity depends on scale of farm operation. Use of quarantine, specific pathogen-free (SPF) certified stocks, and disinfected water and hatchery materials/tools are recommend as good practices in hatchery. Physical measures such as footwear and clothing are used to prevent the intrusion of disease-carrying vectors by human. The exclusion of disease vectors especially vectors of shrimp viral disease during pond preparation is needed at the farms. The use of shrimp fry from the biosecurity hatchery is recommended 12

13 Providing of EMS/AHPND information and mitigation measure at farm level 13

14 1) Introduction of new broodstock for improve genetic diversity, solving an inbreeding problem and of whiteleg shrimp used in Thailand. 2) Screening disease from shrimp broodstock, postlarvae, soil and water samples collected from farm and hatchery EMS/AHPND strain and 5 viral diseases including WSSV, IMNV, YHV, IHHNV, and TSV 3) Guideline and laboratory service for improvement of farm management 14

15 Introduction of new broodstock for improve genetic diversity. Approval of new broodstock provider. In 2015 about broodstock facility in many region of the world have been approved Shrimp Performance used in Thailand ADG=0.33 g/d FCR 1.25 Genetic diversity and level of biosecurity key success factors for control EMS/AHPND. A broodstock bank was established by DOF in 2014 in order to maintain genetic diversity and healthy broodstock of whiteleg shrimp for future purpose. 15

16 The service of screening disease from shrimp broodstock, postlarvae, soil and water samples have been provided to hatchery and farm since 2013 Target to V. parahaemolyticus (EMS/AHPND strain) and 5 viral diseases including WSSV, IMNV, YHV, IHHNV, and TSV. During July, January, 2015, about 76,540 analyzed samples were carried out by DOF centers. Some data traced back were. 503 hatcheries in 12 provinces (7,033 lots ; 8,590 million PL) of whiteleg shrimp larval production. 1,107 farms located 13 provinces ( 804 harvest 3, ton of production for the size of counts/kg. 16

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18 EMS/AHPND EMS/AHPND WSSV Plasmids Toxin gene Types of sample Total % Total % Total % sample positive sample positive sample positive Broodstock Broodstock feces ND ND Nauplii ND ND Post larvae Juvenile Farm water Hatchery water Farm sediment Others ND= not detect. 18

19 Nutrient and organic wastes pose to risk of disease outbreak when shrimps are stress or unhealthy by the wastes. Probiotics is able to enhance microbial and phytoplankton and healthy ecosystem Probiotics can establish beneficial microbial communities under culture conditions. Probiotics accelerate the decomposition of the organic wastes probiotics directly regulates water quality to be less fluctuation of such as ph within which is a suitable for good growth of shrimps 19

20 DOF established 1 center for production of probiotics (powder) and 25 centers for production of active probiotics (solution). About 105,100 packs of powder probiotics and 132,388 bottles of active probiotics were produced and supply to farm during July 2014-Jan The evaluation on production from farm using DOF probiotics from 14 provinces (1,423 farms, 2,805 ha) indicates that the DOF probiotics of 44,226 bottom could support the amount of production of 16,420 ton (or 5.85 ton/ha within 7 months). The use of probiotics could help farmers more easy to manage a suitable water quality (daily ph ) 20

21 1. Good pond preparation to remove excessive organic matter from pond bottom. 2. Increase farm bio-security and water treatment. 3. Increase number of reservoir and water filtration to eliminate fish and disease carrier. 4. Play attention to the PL quality and health condition. 5. Stock at appropriate density according to farm capacity. 21

22 6. Maintain good water quality to prevent anoxic condition on pond bottom, bloom bush of phytoplankton, water quality fluctuation and shrimp stress. 7. If necessary, useful probiotics should be used to maintain optimum water quality. 8. Monitoring of shrimp health and removing of susceptible shrimp. 9. If illness shrimp was found, laboratory analyzed should be confirmed for decision making. In case of pond is decided to terminate due to EMS/AHPND outbreak, chlorination must be taken in place 22

23 Productivity (ton/1,000,000 PL) Production (ton) st Phase 2 nd Phase 3 rd Phase First EMS/AHPND samples found productivity production 0.0 Jan-11 Jul-11 Feb-12 Aug-12 Mar-13 Oct-13 Apr-14 Nov-14 Month-Year 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,

24 Impact from EMS/AHPND has drastically been changed in both domestic and international markets and affects globally on supply. The screening of V. parahaemolyticus (EMS/AHPND strain) from the production system and improvement of farm management are main keys mitigation measures to improve shrimp production The guidelines of good sanitary and biosecurity practices for hatchery should be completely implemented for production of high quality PL. Establishment of multiplication center to produce sufficiently amount of healthy and disease tolerance broodstock supplying for annual demanded of shrimp farming in Thailand, should be promoted 24

25 Thank you for your attention 25