Small Scale Irrigation (SSI) Project at Abba Samuel River Watershed

Transcription

1 Small Scale Irrigation (SSI) Project at Abba Samuel River Watershed University of Connecticut Engineers Without Borders Student Chapter Kelsey Reeves Fiona O Donnell New England Water Environment Association 2016 Annual Conference - Water for People Session 8

2 Partners University of Connecticut Engineers Without Borders (UCONN EWB) University of Connecticut Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University (EIWR) Bahir Dar University (BDU)

3 Presentation Overview Location Goal Existing Irrigation Structures Design Process

4 About Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ) Population: 97 million Kiremt July through to Sept. Fogera District, Woreta Zuria Kebele Administration Ethiopia in Crisis Recurring droughts, 2015 one of worst droughts in decades 8.2 million in need of food assistance 80% of population work in agriculture

5 Right: +Africa&view=detailv2&&id=EFE0AAE862C8A6A69C7FF355E08A9241FD277009&selectedIndex=209&ccid=hXzfVWsw&simid= &thid=JN.qYGgNEA2lkoMv4Zixz7%2fHw &ajaxhist=0 Location Village located in Fogera District, Woreta Zuria Kebele Administration, Amhara region Left:

6 Average Rainfall for Bahir Dar h"p://us.worldweatheronline.com/bahir-dar-weather-averages/et.aspx

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8 Local Community

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11 Agriculture in the Community 150 households, 3 fields at most per household Wet season: June to August rice September oats wheat & beans Dry season: mostly onion millet, corn, oil seeds

12 Needed Existing

13 Goal Extend the period of agricultural productivity for currently irrigated fields and extend the irrigation system into currently unirrigated fields Objectives Rehabilitate existing storage and distribution systems Store more water Design second distribution system

14 Existing Storage

15 Traditional Irrigation Dam structure Supplies irrigation water for all but two months of the year Stored water also is used for: drinking, washing, cattle, sheep, donkeys Site assessments in January and May to determine seasonal conditions

16 Traditional Irrigation - May Beginning of wet season Reliance on seasonal stream Stagnant water

17 Traditional Irrigation - January

18 Traditional Irrigation - January Middle of dry season Leakage from both gates Evaporation losses

19 Existing Distribution

20 Photo

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26 Conclusions on Existing Distribution Water losses Leaks in bridges Many repairs needed Many breaks between built structures and open land

27 Site Overview

28 A B B A

29 C D C D

30 Design

31 Design Breakdown 1. Watershed model 2. Water storage 3. Distribution 4. Irrigation 5. Crop Selection 6. Logistics

32 Watershed Model

33 Watershed Model Focus on Abba Samuel River Watershed in Blue Nile River Basin Visual development in ArcGIS with LANDSAT add on CT 2004 Stormwater Quality Manual as reference combined with TR-55 calculation to estimate water quality volume based on storms Use the watershed model to determine how much water we can store for irrigation purposes Calculate the required water for irrigation and figure how many fields we can irrigate

34 Watershed Model Data required: Precipitation EIWR Soil types - EIWR, field tests, BDU soils mechanics lab Evaporation - BDU Infiltration - field tests Topography - field tests, EIWR

35 Collection of Soils for Testing

36 Soils Testing - N, K, P, ph

37 Stream Measurements

38 GPS

39 Water Storage

40 Water Storage Options: Second dam structure upstream Ferrocement tanks

41 Secondary Dam Structure Created by the placement and compaction of various soils, sands, clays or rocks Semi-pervious natural waterproof covering for its surface with a dense impervious core The friction and interaction of the particles binds them together to create a stable mass Low construction cost

42 Potential Damming Site

43 Ferrocement Tanks Water tanks made from reinforced cement mortar Widely used in many parts of the world for domestic, stock and irrigation purposes Simple equipment, techniques are straightforward and do not require use of expensive and sophisticated machinery Made from commonly available materials Simple skills needed

44 Ferrocement Tank Placement

45 Distribution

46 Needed Existing

47 Irrigation

48 Irrigation Techniques Furrow Drip Irrigation

49 Crop Selection

50 Crop Assessment Sustenance crops vs. cash crops vs. maintenance space constraints, soil types, utilization & culture, water needs, climate 1838 meters, north, highlands pulses, niger seed, flaxseed, teff, wheat, barley Community would like to grow: mango, avocado, potato, carrot, corn and tomatoes in the dry season or continue growing current wet season crops Cowpeas, legumes, beets, sweet potatoes, yams

51 Logistics

52 Meeting with Government Leaders

53 Sustainability Factors that contribute to sustainability of the system: Sense of ownership Economical and maintainable system 5% cash contribution Operations and maintenance manual Water Users Authority Government owned land Ensure that benefits are felt by all in the community How well with the design fit into the culture of the community?

54 Special Thanks

55 Acknowledgments Partners Mamo Kassegn, EIWR Shimelis Abebe, EIWR Dr. Geremew Sahilu, EIWR Dr. Seifu Tilahun, BDU Dr. Habtamu Tsegaye, BDU Dr. Maria Chrysochoou, UCONN Dr. Timothy Vadas, UCONN UCONN Engineers Without Borders Members Local Community Government Professional Mentors Dr. Jonathan Mellor, UCONN Yigrem Dingo, UCONN Joe Thompson UCONN Senior Design Team Alexander Curry Lori Fomenko Yamil Roman Winter Semester EWB Travel Team Kristin Burnham Ryan Cordier

56 Questions? (photos of Addis Ababa)