Community Sewage Sensors for Monitoring Public Health

Transcription

1 Community Sewage Sensors for Monitoring Public Health Pedro Estrela Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Centre for Advanced Sensor Technologies Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies Water Innovation & Research Centre University of Bath, UK

2 Contents Community Sewage Sensors for Wastewater Epidemiology Amperometric DNA sensor Sensor response Detection of mitochondrial DNA in wastewater Cocaine impedance-based aptasensor Sensor response Effect of matrix Validation Conclusions

3 Community Sewage Sensors Community Sewage Sensors for monitoring Public Health by Wastewater Analysis Why Sensors? rapid, cost-effective minimal sample processing potential for on-site detection real time Sewage Biomarkers Drug biomarkers (e.g. cocaine) Disease and health markers (e.g. pathogens) Cancer markers (e.g. PSA) In collaboration with EU COST Action and EU SEWPROF ITN Yang et al, Environ Sci Technol 49 (2015) 5845 Early warning sensing system for public health and effective intervention

4 Community Sewage Sensors Community Sewage Sensors for monitoring Public Health by Wastewater Analysis Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (2015) 5845

5 DNA intercalator DNA biosensor platform with ferrocenyl intercalators

6 DNA sensing DNA biosensor platform with custom synthesized intercalators LOD reach 10 pm for DNA, dynamic range spanning from 0.1 nm to 100 nm Peak current decreased with the increasing number of mismatched base pairs (1µM), indicating single base pair mismatched could be detected Potential to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

7 DNA isolation and characterization DNA yields (50mL obtain ng/µl) Wastewater samples for isolation: - VEAS treatment plant (Oslo, Norway) (WW1) - urine pool from summer festival Oslo, 2014 (WW2) - Distilled H 2 O for control (NG 1) - human gene: positive control (PG) - non-nucleotide water: negative control NG2

8 mtdna detection in wastewater 195 bps human-specific mtdna was amplified from wastewater mtdna could be used as potential population biomarker, associated to cancer breast biomarkers LOD for the detection of PCR product : WW1 7.1 nm (1/100 dilution) and WW2 4.2 nm (1/200 dilution)

9 mtdna detection in wastewater DNA samples extracted from WW1 an WW2 without PCR were analysed - WW2: positive; WW1: negative;

10 EIS aptasensor Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) - label-free (DNA, protein..), rapid response, portable assay DNA-directed immobilization aptasensor (DDIAS) - a novel immobilization strategy for aptamer ( artificial antibody ) sensors Yang et al. Analyst 2015; 140, 2628

11 Cocaine aptasensor DNA-directed immobilization aptasensor for cocaine detection 11

12 Cocaine aptasensor Comparison of immobilization method and optimization of DDIAS for sensitive cocaine detection On-chip II was more effective Surface density was optimized with co-immobilization

13 Matrix effects Evaluation of matric effects on developed cocaine sensors DDIAS can be used for wastewater detection

14 Sensor response DDIAS for quantitative cocaine detection to monitor drug abuse and use trends LOD at 10 nm (0.3 ng/ml); dynamic range: 10 nm - 5 µm ; highly selective: allow for the detection of urine and sewage sample Yang et al Sci Report 2016 (6), 21024

15 Validation Towards drug consumption: COC Sensors for quantitative detection of wastewater Weekly profile of COC concentration pattern validated by mass spectrometry (MS) Cocaine consumption on weekend is higher than that on work days; The drug concentration patter from sensor is similar from mass spectrometry, but with rapid response time, low cost and potential for on-site assay

16 Conclusions and perspectives Community Sewage Sensors for public health mtdna detected in wastewater samples showing applicability of sensors DDIAS was used for quantification of cocaine in wastewater for the evaluation of drug use trends Aptasensors have been used for the detection of prostate specific antigen in wastewater Future work will try to construct a range of community sensors (arrays) for portable and multiplexed assay of sewage biomarkers to monitor public health (diabetes, epidemic diseases, etc.)

17 Acknowledgments Zhugen Yang, Chris Frost, Barbara Kasprzyk-Horden (Dept Chemistry, University of Bath) Marie Curie Initial Training Network A new paradigm in drug use and human health risk assessment: Sewage profiling at the community level (SEWPROF) Environ Sci Technol 49 (2015) 5845 viewpoint Environ Sci Technol 49 (2015) 5609 DNA sensor Analyst 140 (2015) 2628 DDI PSA aptasensor Sci Rep 6 (2016) cocaine aptasensor p.estrela@bath.ac.uk go.bath.ac.uk/biosensors

18 Latest issue of Essays in Biochemistry Covering an introduction to biosensors, discussion of analytical biosensors, and applications of biosensors, including in the biomedical field Guest edited by Pedro Estrela, University of Bath, U.K. Available at essays.biochemistry.org/content/60/1