New Product: X-Aptamer Selection Kit. Updated April 2015

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1 New Product: X-Aptamer Selection Kit Updated April 2015

2 Technology Basics X-Aptamers are synthetic affinity molecules Similar in function to monoclonal antibodies X-Aptamers combine a variety of chemical moieties DNA/RNA, amino acid groups, and small molecules Chemical diversity is far superior to standard aptamers Improves target interaction for better binding affinity and specificity A unique bead-based process is used to select X-Aptamers Only basic molecular biology techniques and equipment required Enables the X-Aptamer Selection Kit 2

3 Affinity Molecule Comparison Key Attributes Antibodies Regular Aptamers X-Aptamers Affinity Excellent Very Good Excellent Specificity Excellent Very Good Excellent Size & Complexity High Low Low Discovery In Vivo In Vitro In Vitro Storage Refrigerated, Frozen Ambient Ambient Shelf Life Months Years Years Production Biological Chemical Chemical Batch Reproducibility Low High High Functionalizing Complicated Simple and Vast Simple and Vast Discovery Slow Slow Rapid 3

4 X-Aptamer Chemical Diversity: Examples Base R Phosphorodithioate X-Aptamers Can Use a Virtually Unlimited Array of Chemical Functionalities Incorporated prior to the selection process Combinations of multiple functionalities easily accomplished Many are incompatible with SELEX (the solution-based aptamer selection process) 4

5 Increased Chemical Diversity = Better Performance Target Regular Aptamer K D, unmodified Modification Made X-Aptamer K D, modified Binding Affinity Enhancement VEGF nm PS2 FS2 15 pm 2.3 pm 140x 913x α-thrombin 1.1 nm PS2 1.2 pm 916x α-thrombin 2.4 nm T-indole 1.4 pm 1700x IgE 11.3 nm PS pm 1000x 5

6 ~3 weeks AM Biotech <1 week Customer New Product: X-Aptamer Selection Kit Enables customer to easily select X-Aptamers Selection conditions match application Target identity can remain confidential Up to 3 targets simultaneously No special equipment required Rapid, straightforward, and effective This is NOT the cumbersome SELEX process! Purchase Kit Perform Selection (up to 3 targets) Send Sample to AM Biotech Identify X-Aptamer Sequences Synthesize X-Aptamers Send X-Aptamers to Customer Customer Uses X-Aptamers 6

7 ~4 Weeks X-Aptamer Selection Kit: Complete Flow AM BIOTECHNOLOGIES CUSTOMER Unique Reagent Production Next Generation Sequencing Bead Library Production Kit Sample Perform Selection Protocol with up to 3 Desired Targets Data Analysis Synthesize X-Aptamers Kit purchase includes a license for unlimited use of X-Aptamers for research. X-Aptamers material only Test & Use X-Aptamer(s) Licensing terms are available for using X-Aptamers in a commercial product or service. 7

8 Kit Testing Results Prototype X-Aptamer Selection Kits tested USA, Canada, India, South Africa 100% successful Every completed kit produced X-Aptamers to at least one target Each kit could process up to three targets simultaneously ~70% of all targets attempted were successful Success rate exceeds the SELEX process SELEX overall success rate estimated to be 30% to 50% SELEX process is used to select conventional aptamers 8

9 What Prototype Kit Users Said The ease of use [of the kit] allowed my undergraduate researchers to be able to skillfully perform the selection experiments, and we have since identified one of the putative aptamers identified as a success this aptamer binds with low nanomolar affinity and is being used to generate an electrochemical biosensor platform for the detection of botulism. Dr. Andrew B., Metropolitan State University of Denver Working in an aptamer research lab, I m regularly approached by companies and researchers from all around the world for technical help with their aptamer selections. It seems to me that there has been a demand for aptamers-on-demand for quite some time and it is delightful to see it is finally becoming a reality! Dr. Gwendolyn S., University of Texas at Austin Using the prototype kit we were able to select nanomolar affinity X-Aptamers to a target candidate biomarker of Tuberculosis disease that we failed to raise DNA aptamers to via conventional SELEX procedures and we believe that the chemical modification of the X-Aptamer library was key to this success. Dr. Jonathan B., University of Cape Town Compared to aptamers selected through SELEX protocol, X-Aptamers generated through this kit demonstrated much higher affinity to their target molecules on our platform. Dr. Renuka S., University of North Carolina at Greensboro 9

10 Kit Pricing NOT FOR PUBLIC DISCLOSURE Kit Processing Steps Price* Comments X-Aptamer Selection Kit Purchase $500 Enables multiplex selection using up to 3 targets Quality control markers indicate if kit was successfully processed Next Gen Sequencing (NGS) and Data Analysis NGS and data analysis by AM Biotech -or- Data analysis only by AM Biotech Putative X-Aptamer Synthesis First 15 (total to all targets attempted) Second 15 - Optional Additional (per sequence) Optional X-Aptamer Enhancement Service Optional (performed by AM Biotech) Commercial use license Large-scale X-Aptamer Synthesis * Prices subject to change. $2,500 -or- $1,250 $2,250 $1,875 $ 100 Request Quote Varies by Market Request Quote Customers may choose to obtain NGS from their own vendor/core laboratory Ion Torrent PGM 316/318 chip is preferred platform (FASTQ file required) Data analysis ranks the sequences for the likelihood of binding to each target Data analysis may also generally indicate sequence specificity to its target Synthesize and desalt sequences that data analysis identifies as likely X-Aptamers Putative X-Aptamers can be unlabelled or labeled with either biotin or amine Other labels available for an additional charge X-Aptamer affinity at this stage is expected to be in the nanomolar range Sequence truncation and PS2 backbone modifications to enhance binding affinity 100X to >1000X affinity enhancement is realistic Affinity of resulting PS2 X-Aptamers expected to be in the picomolar range Customer receives a license for unlimited research use of X-Aptamers developed A commercial use license from AM Biotech is required prior to using any X-Aptamer in a commercial product/service or clinical trial AM Biotech can synthesize X-Aptamers at the multi-gram or larger scale Third party synthesis can be performed after obtaining a commercial use license 10

11 Total Price of Kit-based X-Aptamer Selection $500 Purchase Kit $2,500 -$1,250 $2,250 AM Biotech Next Generation Sequencing & Data Analysis AM Biotech Data Analysis Only (customer arranges NGS) Synthesis of 15 Putative X-Aptamers (five per target assuming three targets) $4,000 to $5,250 Total Customer Outlay $1,333 to $1,750 TOTAL PRICE PER TARGET* (assuming 3 targets attempted) * Compared to competitors prices of $10,000 to $25,000 per target for turnkey selection of a conventional aptamer using SELEX. 11

12 Contacts Mark Shumbera President (832) Tim McGrath Director, Business Development (713) AM Biotechnologies, LLC Gulf Freeway Houston, Texas

13 Additional Information The following slides provide a brief overview of the technology underlying the X-Aptamer Selection Kit. 13

14 Basic Components of X-Aptamer Selection Selection Process Two-step Bead & Solution Screening Against Targets Sequencing Synthesize Library with Unique Reagents X-APTAMER LIBRARY Progression Choose & Synthesize X-Aptamers 14

15 Library: Key Enabler of X-Aptamers and the Kit A library of billions of different DNA sequences is synthesized on microbeads Total library mass/volume: ~100 mg/0.5 cc Sequence diversity: 10 8 to Each microbead has ~0.5 picomoles of a unique DNA sequence attached 300 µm 15

16 Library Microbead Example used to help sequence the DNA strand 5 Primer 5 Stem Combinatorial (20-40N) 3 Stem 3 Primer -NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN- N = natural or chemically modified nucleotide; nature of modification is position-dependent Notional Combinatorial Region on One Bead* -UTCGAAAUCTGGGACCGUGTTCGUA- Black = standard DNA Green= phosphorodithioate Red = 2 -OMe phosphorodithioate Blue = X-modified du (one or more) Examples of Available du X-Modifications Indole (Tryptophan) Phenol (Tyrosine) Guanidine (Arginine) Serine Boron Small molecules Others * Technical Note: The oligonucleotide that includes the chemical modifications shown above cannot be amplified using PCR; however, an unmodified DNA sequence can be recovered. If this bead is selected from the library, AM Biotech uses the unmodified DNA sequence recovered after NGS as a barcode to re-synthesize the oligonucleotide attached to this bead with the appropriate chemical modifications in the correct sequence positions. 16

17 Combinatorial Library Synthesis A pool and split process (left) creates many copies of a unique DNA sequence on each bead. A DNA base is added to each of four synthesis columns. All the beads in one column get the same DNA base added. The beads are then removed from all of the columns, mixed together, and randomly redistributed back into the four columns. Another base is added. This process is repeated numerous times. This combinatorial process is performed on a patented instrument and can create as many unique DNA sequences in parallel as there are beads available. 17

18 Bead-based Selection Process incubate library + tagged protein protein binds beads with high affinity sequences first stage magnetic selection of library beads Combinatorial bead library (one bead/one sequence) anti-tag magnetic particles bind protein recovered beads (true & false positives) cleave sequences from beads into solution second-stage solution pull-down with target protein Selection process steps shaded in blue are performed by the customer using the kit. Following slides provide additional detail. analyze sequences to identify X-Aptamers X G T G A A C T X A C G C G T A X G C A T C G G C T T X A A G T next gen sequencing of solution pulldown resynthesize highaffinity X-Aptamers 18

19 Kit Protocol 1 st Stage START KIT PROTOCOL Incubate up to 3 tagged targets with anti-tag magnetic particles Add library beads for selection Magnetic selection of library beads GO TO NEXT SLIDE Isolate magnetically recovered beads Cleave sequences from beads into solution 19

20 Add anti-tag magnetic particles Isolate binders by magnetic pull-down PCR amplify with bar-coded primers Kit Protocol 2 nd Stage Start pool control CONTINUATION FROM PREVIOUS SLIDE Add Target 1 Add Target 2 Add Target 3 Recombine for next generation sequencing END OF KIT PROTOCOL No target control Split into 5 fractions 20

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