TNF Pathophysiology. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

Transcription

1 TNF Pathophysiology. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

2 Current Directions in Autoimmunity Vol. 11 Series Editor A.N. Theofilopoulos La Jolla, Calif.

3 TNF Pathophysiology Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Volume Editors G. Kollias Vari P.P. Sfikakis Athens 15 figures, 2 in color, and 5 tables, 2010 Basel Freiburg Paris London New York Bangalore Bangkok Shanghai Singapore Tokyo Sydney

4 George Kollias, PhD Institute of Immunology Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming' Vari, Greece Petros P. Sfikakis, MD, PhD First Department of Propedeutic and Internal Medicine Laikon Hospital Athens University Medical School Athens, Greece Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data TNF pathophysiology : molecular and cellular mechanisms / volume editors, G. Kollias, P.P. Sfikakis. p. ; cm. (Current directions in autoimmunity, ISSN ; v. 11) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (hard cover: alk. paper) 1. Tumor necrosis factor Pathophysiology. I. Kollias, G. (George) II. Sfikakis, P.P. (Petros P.) III. Title: Tumor necrosis factor pathophysiology. IV. Series: Current directions in autoimmunity, v ; [DNLM: 1. Tumor Necrosis Factors immunology. 2. Tumor Necrosis Factors physiology. 3. Transcription, Genetic immunology. W1 CU788DR v / QW 630 T ] QR185.8.T84T dc Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents and PubMed/MEDLINE. Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright 2010 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) Printed in Switzerland on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Reinhardt Druck, Basel ISSN ISBN e-isbn

5 Section Title Contents VII Preface Kollias, G. (Vari); Sfikakis, P.P. (Athens) 1 Cellular Mechanisms of TNF Function in Models of Inflammation and Autoimmunity Apostolaki, M.; Armaka, M.; Victoratos, P.; Kollias, G. (Vari) 27 Transcriptional Control of the TNF Gene Falvo, J.V.; Tsytsykova, A.V.; Goldfeld, A.E. (Boston, Mass.) 61 Posttranscriptional Regulation of TNF mrna: A Paradigm of Signal-Dependent mrna Utilization and Its Relevance to Pathology Stamou, P.; Kontoyiannis, D.L. (Vari) 80 Role of TNF in Pathologies Induced by Nuclear Factor κb Deficiency Vlantis, K.; Pasparakis, M. (Cologne) 94 Type I Interferon: A New Player in TNF Signaling Yarilina, A.; Ivashkiv, L.B. (New York, N.Y.) 105 T Cells as Sources and Targets of TNF: Implications for Immunity and Autoimmunity Chatzidakis, I.; Mamalaki, C. (Heraklion) 119 TNF-α: An Activator of CD4+FoxP3+TNFR2+ Regulatory T Cells Chen, X.; Oppenheim, J.J. (Frederick, Md.) 135 TNF and Bone David, J.-P.; Schett, G. (Erlangen) 145 TNF-α and Obesity Tzanavari, T.; Giannogonas, P.; Karalis, K.P. (Athens) 157 TNF in Host Resistance to Tuberculosis Infection Quesniaux, V.F.J. (Orleans); Jacobs, M.; Allie, N. (Cape Town); Grivennikov, S. (Orleans/Moscow); Nedospasov, S.A. (Moscow/Berlin); Garcia, I.; Olleros, M.L. (Geneva); Shebzukhov, Y. (Berlin); Kuprash, D. (Moscow); Vasseur, V.; Rose, S.; Court, N.; Vacher, R.; Ryffel, B. (Orleans) V

6 180 The First Decade of Biologic TNF Antagonists in Clinical Practice: Lessons Learned, Unresolved Issues and Future Directions Sfikakis, P.P. (Athens) 211 Author Index 212 Subject Index VI Contents

7 Section Title Preface TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine central to the development and homeostasis of the immune system and a regulator of cell activation, differentiation and death. TNF is involved in a multitude of biological processes, such as acute and chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, infection and tumor responses. In the last decades, there has been an enormous scientific and clinical interest in understanding TNF s function in physiology and disease, and a vast amount of data has accumulated at the biochemical, molecular and cellular level, establishing TNF as a prototype for in-depth understanding of a cytokine s physiological and pathogenic functions. Perturbations of TNF and its signals in transgenic models have provided a wealth of information about its function at the organism level as well as created unique animal models for chronic inflammatory disorders. Collectively, this knowledge primed the successful development of anti-tnf therapies for several human diseases and opened new avenues for safer and more effective drug discovery. The chapters in this volume cover recent developments in TNF regulation and function from a basic molecular and cellular level to whole organism perspectives and their clinical implications. Thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which this key molecular player is produced and functions to regulate cell biology, immunity and disease should set novel paradigms on how genes contribute to biological system development and physiology. We wish to thank the series editor as well as all the contributing authors for giving us the opportunity to assemble this excellent review volume on TNF biology. George Kollias, Vari Petros P. Sfikakis, Athens VII