nucleolus nucleus number proteins ribosomes type

Transcription

1 Name Use with textbook pages Inside the nucleus Cloze Activity Section 41 Vocabulary chromosomes DNA genes genetic molecule nucleolus nucleus number proteins ribosomes type Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks Each term may be used more than once You will not need to use every term 1 he nucleus directs and controls the ability of the cell to grow develop and replicate (make copies of itself) 2 he instructions for how to carry out all cell activities are carried in DNA which is a long two-stranded Molecule with a shape like a ladder that has been twisted into a spiral shape 3 stores instructions for everything that the cell does It also stores DNA genetic generation to another when organisms reproduce material information that is passed on from one 4 Strands of DNA are packaged tightly into structures called 5 Each type of organism has a specific number of chromosomes 6 Humans have 46 chromosomes that are arranged in 23 pairs One of these pairs helps determine if a person will be born as a male or a female Genes 7 are small segments of DNA that carry instructions for making proteins hey are found at specific places on Chromosome 8 Proteins are a type of that all the cells of the body need in order to work properly molecule ribosomes chromosomes 9 Proteins are made in the cell by which are made nucleolus by a large structure in the nucleus called the 58 MHR Section 41 he Function of the Nucleus within the Cell 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

2 Name Interpreting Illustrations Section 41 Use with textbook pages he control centre of the cell Use the diagram to help you answer question 1 f sugar phosphate Double A ydit F- base 1 Describe the structure of DNA long wistednspiral ca : :# ladder ( Sta # structure Fill in the blanks with the correct terms hen use your answers to questions 2 5 to label the diagram below 2 he control centre of the cell nucleus 3 Molecule containing instructions for everything the cell does 4 ightly packaged structures of DNA 5 Segment with information to make a protein C part ) chromosome gene DNA (a) Chromosome (c) chromosome chromatin (d) nucleus (b) DNA cell membrane 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 41 he Function of the Nucleus within the Cell MHR 59

3 Name Comprehension Section 41 Use with textbook pages rue or false? Read the statements given below If the statement is true write on the line in front of the statement If it is false write F and rewrite the statement to make it true X 1 F he nucleolus directs and controls all of the cell s activities nucleus 2 Instructions for how to carry out all cell activities are carried in molecules of DNA 3 DNA stores information that is passed on from one generation to another when organisms reproduce F 4 Humans have 46 X pairs of chromosomes 23 5 F One pair of ribosomes X helps determine if a person will be born as a male or female Chromosomes 6 he nucleolus makes ribosomes 7 Ribosomes make proteins F 8 Genes make X chromosomes are segments are part of of 60 MHR Section 41 he Function of the Nucleus within the Cell 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

4 Name Homefun Assessment Section 41 Use with textbook pages he function of the nucleus within the cell Match each erm on the left with the best Descriptor on the right Each Descriptor may be used only once erm 1 chromosome Go 2 DNA 3 A gene 4 F nucleolus 5 B nucleus 6 D proteins Descriptor A segment of DNA located at a specific place on a chromosome B controls all the activities within a cell C a molecule found in the cell nucleus that carries genetic information D essential materials needed to carry out cell activities E makes proteins F makes ribosomes G tightly packed structure of DNA Circle the letter of the best answer 7 Proteins are made by A the ribosomes B the chromosomes C the DNA D the nucleolus 8 Approximately how many proteins are in the human body? A 100 B 1000 C D are tens made of amino acid 9 Which of the following are functions of proteins? I carry out cell functions 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 41 he Function of the Nucleus within the Cell MHR 61 II III A I and II only B I and III only C II and III only D I II and III form parts of cell structures control all of the cells functions 10 What instructions do genes carry? A to make proteins B to determine whether a person will be born male or female C to pass information from one generation to the next D to store genetic material 11 How many chromosomes do humans have? A chromosomes are too small to be counted B between and C 92 arranged in 46 pairs D 46 arranged in 23 pairs 12 Which of the following best describes DNA? I twisted in a spiral shape II III A I and II only B I and III only C II and III only D I II and III shaped like a ladder I long two-stranded molecule sugar + Base - e- - A P a phosphate q

5 Ch Structure of cell Cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm chloroplast nuclear plasma nucleus nucleolus ribosome endoplasmic reticulum CER ) Golgi body vesicle Vacuole mitochondria ( apparatus ) know name lysosome nuclear membrane ( know function ) DNA deoxyribonucleic acid Structure ( double helix sugar phosphate nitrogenous base ) Uracil replaces Base pairs : Pair Adenine hyminet Cytosine Guanine WI RNA RNA Difference between RNA + DNA single strand double strands A U A - protein synthesis know how protein Is made step by step

6 RNA Difference between RNA + DNA single strand double strands A U A - Protein synthesis know how protein Is made step by step 1 DNA chemical get signal to transcribe to mrna in the nucleus 2 mrna goes to ribosome to translated to the sequence of amino acids ( protein is made ) wl help of 31 Protein goes to ER trna and RRNA 4 It goes to Golgi then gets pinched off as a Vesicle 5 Vesicle goes through cell membrane to go out of the cell 42 Mutation - DNA chromosome chromatin gene genome mutation mutagen gene therapy addition deletion substitution positive negative neutral Know the definition Example? IF questions 4 short answer

7 Name Applying Knowledge Section 42 Use with textbook pages Mutations concept map Complete the following concept map about genetic mutations mutagens such as radiation cigarette smoke can cause mutation pesticides a Mercury also is good types negative positive neutral example example example curved gene that protects red blood all One from disease white fur on Spirit Bear 64 MHR Section 42 Mutations 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

8 Name Comprehension Section 42 Use with textbook pages Gene mutation Answer the questions below 1 What is a gene mutation? A change in the genetic material of a gene 2 Give the three types of gene mutations negative positive and neutral addition deletion and substitution 3 What type of mutation is beneficial to an organism? positive 4 Give one example of a negative mutation Carved red blood cell 5 What type of mutation appears to have no effect on an organism? neutral 6 What are mutagens? Factors that can cause mutations 7 Give four examples of environmental mutagens Radiation from X-ray UV ray pollutants pesticides smoke household chemicals 8 What are researchers doing to the mutated gene when they use gene therapy? hey are replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy of the gene 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 42 Mutations MHR 65

9 Name Use with textbook pages he effects of mutations Vocabulary DNA gene mutation gene therapy healthy gene mutagens mutated gene negative mutations neutral mutations organism positive mutations proteins Cloze Activity Section 42 Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks You will not need to use every term You may use terms more than once 1 A mutation is a change in the genetic material of a gene gene 2 Changes to DNA may cause to be made incorrectly or with an incorrect shape proteins 3 Factors in the environment called can cause mutations mutagens 4 Radiation cigarette smoke and pesticides are examples of 5 Mutations that are harmful to an organism are called negative positive 6 Mutations that are helpful to an organism are called For instance some plants carry a mutated gene that protects them from disease neutral mutagens mutations mutations mutations 7 Mutations that have no effect on an organism are called 8 New techniques for treating gene mutations are called and may involve replacing a genemutatd gene with a healthy Ch he therapy 4 Quiz 66 MHR Section 42 Mutations 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

10 Name Assessment Section 42 Use with textbook pages Mutation Match each erm on the left with the best Descriptor on the right Each Descriptor may be used only once erm 1 D gene mutation 2 gene therapy 3 mutagens 4 negative mutation 5 B neutral mutation 6 E positive mutation Descriptor A techniques developed to replace mutated genes B a mutation that does not affect the organism C a mutation that harms an organism D a change in the genetic material E a mutation that benefits an organism F a healthy gene G substance or factor that can cause mutations in DNA A 0 E Circle the letter of the best answer 7 he coat colour of the Spirit Bear is due to A change of the seasons B global warming C a mutated gene D environmental stresses : 8 Most mutations A are helpful to the organism B are harmful to the organism C have no effect on the organism D can be treated in an organism 9 Which of the following is an example of a neutral mutation? I white fur instead of black fur II III A I B II C III a mutated gene protects a plant from a disease curved red blood cells instead of discshaped cells D none of the above 10 Which type of mutation is beneficial to an organism and therefore aids in the organism s ability to survive? A neutral B positive : C negative D deletion 11 Errors in the DNA that appear to neither harm nor help an organism are called A neutral B positive C negative D substitutions 12 Which of the following can cause mutated genes? I cigarette smoke II III radiation pesticides A I and II only B I and III only C II and III only o D I II and III 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 42 Mutations MHR 67

11 * DAE: NAME: CLASS: CHAPER 4 BLM 2-5 Cell Organelles Goal Review cell parts and functions What to Do Complete the following table by filling in the correct cell part or function Cell Part Cytoplasm nucleus Function Gel-like material inside cells Directs cell activities Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Folded membrane that transports materials inside the cell Manufactures substances important for cell functions Mitochondrion Releases energy in the cell Chromatin Chloroplast Vacuole Golgi body hyso some - chromosome protein complex a coiled version of DNA contains chlorophyll used for photosynthesis to make 02 Stores water food and waste products Gets pinched off to transport proteins Digests wastes Copyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited a subsidiary of the McGraw-Hill Companies All rights reserved his page may be reproduced for classroom use by the purchaser of this book without the written permission of the publisher

12 * DAE: NAME: CLASS: CHAPER 4 BLM 2-9 Chapter 4 Quiz Goal Check your understanding of Chapter 4 What to Do Circle the letter of the best answer 1 he function of the nucleolus is A to protect the nucleus B to protect the chromosomes C to make ribosomes D to make DNA 2 Which of the following organelles does not have a membrane? A mitochondrion B vesicle C vacuole D ribosome 3 Which one of the following statements is not true? A A gene stores the information to make a particular protein B All the genes within the nucleus of a cell will be copied to make a protein at some ' ' " time in the life cycle of a cell ( some genes are turned off ) C Different types of cells in your body contain the same genetic information D Different proteins have different sequences of bases 4 he function of the Golgi body is ( packaging centre ) A to receive vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum B to send vesicles to the endoplasmic reticulum C to receive messages from the nucleus D to send messages to the nucleus 5 Which of the following steps for the production of a protein is incorrect? A he DNA message for a protein is copied into RNA B he nucleus receives a chemical signal to make a specific protein C he manufactured protein enters the endoplasmic reticulum D DNA leaves through the nuclear pore 6 Chromatin is A a substance that contains several molecules of DNA within each strand B a substance within the nucleus that contains DNA and proteins C a substance that unfolds before cell division D a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein Copyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited a subsidiary of the McGraw-Hill Companies All rights reserved his page may be reproduced for classroom use by the purchaser of this book without the written permission of the publisher

13 DAE: NAME: CLASS: BLM 2-9 continued 7 A gene mutation is A a change in the specific order of the A G C and bases that make up a particular protein B a change in the specific order of the sugar and phosphates that make up a particular protein C a substance that changes the DNA structure D a substance that causes genes to be copied incorrectly 8 Gene therapy is not used as frequently as drug therapy or surgical therapies because A the technique is too expensive B viruses for the procedure are not easily available C healthy genes are not easily available D the healthy gene must be switched on in the correct cells ( ) 9 Cystic fibrosis is A an example of a neutral mutation B an example of a positive mutation C an example of a negative mutation D the result of the substitution for the base A for the base in only one position on the gene 10 he white coat of the Spirit Bear is because of a A positive mutation B neutral mutation C negative mutation D gene therapy Match the erm on the left with the best Descriptor on the right Each Descriptor may be used only once erm 11 mitochondria :C 12 chloroplast 13 nucleus E 14 nucleolus A 15 Golgi body B 16 endoplasmic reticulum Descriptor A sorts and packages proteins for transport B ribosomes attach here C produces sugar for cell D changes sugar into useful energy for cell E ribosomes made here F contains information to make proteins G surrounds the cell membrane Copyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited a subsidiary of the McGraw-Hill Companies All rights reserved his page may be reproduced for classroom use by the purchaser of this book without the written permission of the publisher

14 DAE: NAME: CLASS: BLM 2-9 continued 17 Explain how the nucleus controls the activities within a cell he nucleus contains DNA which carries the code to make specific proteins that perform specific roles in the cell Four 18 What are three causes of gene mutations? causes are - smoke cigarette UV X-ray and tree ray Mercury 19 Construct a flow chart that outlines how a protein is made Use the terms below Use additional words to connect the terms 1 5 D DNA endoplasmic reticulum Golgi body nuclear pore ribosomes RNA vesicle Some signal turns on " " a gene in DNA in nucleus w In nucleus RNA version of DNA is made ( transcription ) W RNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore to RNA reaches ribosome where translation of RNA codon amino acid takes place he made protein goes to W to ER carry the protein to Golgi where it A vesicle is formed gets repacked to be exported out of the cell Copyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited a subsidiary of the McGraw-Hill Companies All rights reserved his page may be reproduced for classroom use by the purchaser of this book without the written permission of the publisher