Spits Warnars a*, Sasmoko a, b, Nancy Susianna b a

Transcription

1 Introduction investigation: Executive Information System for University Spits Warnars a*, Sasmoko a, b, Nancy Susianna b a Surya University Jl. Boulevard Gading Serpong Blok O/1 Summarecon Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia b STKIP Surya Jl. Scientia Boulevard Blok U/7 Gading Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia Abstract University as higher education implementer has responsibility to accelerate their national human capital in order to compete in highly competitive economic.the higher the national human capital, the more prepared they are to compete in highly skilled labour. University as a knowledge keeper should be equipped with information technology in order to establish well prepared university, particularly to support high level management. High level management university, such as rector, vice rector, dean and head of study program should be armed with information technology tool which can help them when making their decisions become better and accurate. EIS (Executive Information System) as highly DSS (Decision Support System) which is designed for high level management is the appropriate information technology tool in order to sharp high level management s decision making. The EIS will be built up by 24 Indonesian national standards of higher education, where each of standards will be generated as Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to evaluate and justify the university performance from 3 perspectives such as education, research and community services. The average KPI score of national standard of higher education for each study program will show the quality assurance of each study program or faculty in university. The study program or faculty performance should be assessed based on KPI national standard of higher education and the higher KPI score total, the better quality of the study program. When one of standards has poor quality then it will automatically alert the high level management. EIS will be developed with web based programming and equipped with technology such as data warehouse and data mining. Data warehouse should be used to extract data from university data transaction into fact constellation schema, in order to increase performance including for multidimensional purposing. Meanwhile, data mining will equipped with mining unexpected patterns particularly from data warehouse. At the end, the better and accurate decision making which is produced by high level management university will make it easy for the decision maker to create well established higher education for the society and having high accreditation score from Indonesian government. As a reward, the university will have a good reputation among the competitors, invite best students, lecturers, researchers and funding as well. Key words: Executive information system, Data warehouse for higher education, Quality assurance of Indonesian higher education, Indonesian national standard of higher education, Indonesian higher education accreditation. * Corresponding Author.Tel: spits.warnarsr@surya.ac.id 353

2 354 Proceeding ASEAN COSAT 2014 I. Introduction Recently, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Indonesia has launched 12 years compulsory education, where in 2020 Indonesian citizens will have minimum high school education [1]. The big concern of Indonesian government upon the acceleration of their human capital shows that well higher educated human capital as the most priority to build a nation, particularly to face ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in Obviously, concerning Indonesian government in accelerating national human capital to prepare the nation to be ready in highly competitive economic region. Nonetheless, the declaration of 12 years compulsory education is not enough in order to face element free flow of skilled labour as one of five core elements of ASEAN single market. Indonesian human capital should be prepared to accelerate more than 12 years compulsory education and university as higher education has huge responsibility to develop and maintain their national human capital. Information technology as tools should be needed by organization in order to run their organization activity, particularly in business or university organization. Using information technology to support daily activity organization should give value added benefit for the organization in order to compete with their competitor. Those organizations that accelerate their organization activity will be one step ahead rather than their competitor. University as high education organization should be equipped with information technology tools in order to run their university activities and nowadays there is no university still not using information technology tools to support their daily university activity. High level management as the university decision maker should be supported with information technology. High level management such as rector, vice rector, dean and head of study program should be equipped with high level management application software which can help them to make sharp and better decisions. This high level management application software should be connected and inline between high level management university positions. It means that the data or information input or output by head of study program should be connected and inline with the data and information which are accessed by rector, vice rector or dean of faculty. Executive Information System (EIS) is proposed as high level management application software to provide high level management with information technology support in order to make sharp and better decisions. This EIS should be supported with datawarehouse technology where star or snowflake or fact constellation schema as the answer to make fast response creating reporting. In the future, data mining technique can be implemented for mining education patterns, such as frequent pattern, similar pattern, association rules and so on. At the end, this

3 Innovation for Better ASEAN Community 355 EIS will help high level management to provide excellent university services for public. Indeed, EIS is a tool which provides relevant interesting information senior manager and different with traditional information system, tailor to executive s information needs and access broad range of internal and external data, easy to use, used directly without assistance and in graphical form [16]. II. Research Method This research is categorized as applied research where the outcome of this research should be implemented in the implementation of real software application. The research should be done in 4 steps, they are 1) Literature survey. The literature survey should be done in three sub activities, they are: a) Information technology literature survey. Do literature survey for current information technology application which is used by university high level management to make their decisions. b) Indonesian rules literature survey Read regulation product such as law, presiden regulation, government regulation, minister regulation which are issued for Indonesian higher education accreditation both of internal or external quality assurance. c) Quality assurance survey. Do literature survey for national and international quality assurance. 2) Mapping national standard of higher education framework Based on Indonesian rules literature survey, 24 national standards of higher education should be implemented as Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to evaluate and justify the university performance from 3 perspectives such as education, research and community services. 3) Design prototyping application of EIS Designing EIS application which is should be done in 6 steps, as follows: a) Collect current university database Online Transcational Processing (OLTP) and model the database design with Unified Modeling Languages (UML) class diagram. b) Generate reporting based on KPI from 24 national standard of higher education, including survey result for qualitative KPI. c) Model database design for star or snowflake or fact constellation schema data warehouse with Unified Modeling Languages (UML) class diagram. d) Design Extraction Transformation and Loading (ETL) algorithm as a process to load data from university database OLTP into data warehouse.

4 356 Proceeding ASEAN COSAT 2014 e) Design EIS application business process with Unified Modeling Language (UML) use case. f) Design user interface to entry qualitative KPI and EIS application. 4) Implementation prototyping The EIS application would be implemented with web based programming like Personal Home Pages (PHP) as open source server programming, whilst database would be implemented with MySQL database as open source database. III. Quality assurance of Indonesian Higher Education Universities in Indonesia both private and public should assure the quality of their education process, in transparent and accountable ways, in order to protect the community interest as regulated by the law [8]. The Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia has legislated the regulation [7,9] which regulate quality assurance in higher education should consist of both of Internal and external (article 3 clause 1) [7]. Quality assurance of Indonesian higher education both of internal and external should be implemented by Indonesian higher education institution and has purposes to gain and maintain the quality of learning, research and community services [9]. The output of internal quality assurance will be used by Indonesian National Accreditation Agency of Higher Education Institution (BAN-PT: Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi, to establish accreditation level of study program faculty (article 3 clause 2 sub clause f) [6], (article 3 clause 4) [7]. Moreover, planning, executing, managing and developing both internal and external quality assurance should refer to national standard of higher education [7]. BAN-PT as mentioned in article 1 clause 1 [2] is an independent evaluation board which has a duty to establish program eligibility and/or education unit on higher eduation with reference to national standard s education. It is nonstructural, nonprofit and independent body which responsible to minister of education, as mentioned in article 2 clause 2 [2]. However, regulation of ministry of national education of the Republic of Indonesia, number 73 year 2009 [3,4] as an old regulation is not suitable with regulation of ministry of national education of the Republic of Indonesia, number 49 and 50 year 2014 [6,7]. In old regulation, BAN-PT has seven instruments standard accreditation (section 3, sub section A [3] or section 2) [4] such as: 1) Standard of visions, missions, goals and objectives, including strategies for achieving. 2) Standard of governance, leadership, management and quality assurance.

5 Innovation for Better ASEAN Community 357 3) Standard of students and graduates. 4) Standard of human resources. 5) Standard of curriculum, learning process and academic atmosphere. 6) Standard of funding, infrastructure including information system. 7) Standard of research, community service and collaboration. As mentioned before, both internal and external quality assurance should refer to 24 national standards of higher education [7] which consist of 8 national standards of education, 8 national standards or research and 8 national standards of community services [6]. The 8 National Standards of education are: 1) Standard of graduate competence. 2) Standard of learning contents. 3) Standard of learning process. 4) Standard of learning assessment. 5) Standard of lecturer and educational personnel. 6) Standard of learning tool and infrastructure. 7) Standard of learning management. 8) Standard of learning funding. The 8 National Standards of research are: 1) Standard of research product. 2) Standard of research content. 3) Standard of research process. 4) Standard of research assessment. 5) Standard of researcher. 6) Standard of research tool and infrastructure. 7) Standard of research management. 8) Standard of research funding and budgeting. The 8 National Standards of community services are : 1) Standard of community services product. 2) Standard of community services content. 3) Standard of community services process. 4) Standard of community services assessment. 5) Standard of community services implementor. 6) Standard of community services tool and infrastructure. 7) Standard of community services management. 8) Standard of community services funding and budgeting.

6 358 Proceeding ASEAN COSAT 2014 However, Indonesia with BAN-PT as Indonesian higher education quality assurance accreditation has been recognized by Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization-Regional Centre for Higher Education and Development (SEAMEO RIHED) which can be reached at SEAMEO RIHED is the Regional Centre for Higher Education and Development working for the 11 Member Countries in Southeast Asia under the umbrella of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organisation (SEAMEO). SEAMEO RIHED promotes ASEAN Quality Assurance Network (AQAN) as a common regional framework for Southeast Asian nations for quality assurance in higher education [5]. AQAN by ASEAN University Network, (AUN) promotes the harmonization of the quality assurance for ASEAN higher education where all universities in ASEAN country can have different quality assurance system and approach. Indonesia by BAN-PT as quality assurance body or agency has the same model of independent body or agency with countrie such as Cambodia, Malaysia and Thailand, whilst countries such as Brunei, Laos, and Vietnam have centralised government body or agency within ministry responsible for higher education. Meanwhile, Singapore and Philippines have mixed system and Myanmar alone does not have an established quality assurance body or agency where all quality functions are delegated to individual higher education which has responsibility to report to Minister of Education. BAN-PT and The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) as Indonesian and Philippines higher education quality assurance agencies respectively, have the same common purpose of quality by providing information on accreditation status. IV. Key Performance Indicator The 24 national standards of higher education should be generated as KPI. Each standard will have many KPI which are used to control the quality of standard. For example, standard of graduate competence will have KPI such as : 1) Number of students who graduate on time. 2) Employer opinion regarding alumni quality. 3) Time waiting for first job. Each of KPI will be quantified to 5 points rating scale with quantitative number range such as 0,1,2,3 and 4 to qualitative range score such as Very Poor, Poor, Fair, Good and Excellent respectively. Each of KPI must have quantitative or qualitative data such as number of students or employer good opinion regarding of alumni quality, respectively. The score of KPI quality range refer to old regulations of BAN-PT which can be read at copy of attachment 7 of Regulation of Minister of National education of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 73 Year 2009 [10].

7 Innovation for Better ASEAN Community 359 Table 1. KPI of standard of graduate competence for HCI study program KPI of standard of graduate competence Score HCI Study Program 1. Number of students who graduate on time 3 2. Employer Opinion regarding of alumni quality 2 3. Tine Waiting time for first job 2 KPI Score Total 2.33 Score: Very Poor(0), Poor(1), Fair(2), Good(3), Excellent(4) Table 1 shows the example of KPI quantification of graduate competence standard which are categorized as fair KPI when it has KPI score total KPI score total is KPI average from all KPI score lists (3+2+2=7/3=2.33) and KPI score total will be rated as well to Very Poor, Poor, Fair, Good and Excellent. Finally, based on the 24 national standards of higher education, there will be 24 tables as shown in Table 1 that each of table will show the quality for each national standard of higher education. Moreover, the average of all 24 tables KPI score total will show the quality of study program based on national standard of higher education. The higher KPI score total, the better study program quality. Controlling of each study program quality will be based on the KPI national standard of higher education and when one standard has poor quality then it will automatically alert high level management. High level management, such as rector, vice rector, dean, vice dean, head of study program and etc will be convenient to use the university executive information system and easy to control the study program or faculty. Meanwhile, other university stakeholder such as government, society, community, student s parent, should have benefit from this university executive information system where the quality of university can be accessed in transparent and accountable way in order to protect the community interests as regulated in law [8]. V. EIS Database architecture Figure 1 shows EIS database architecture with 3 data marts and 1 data warehouse. Data mart and data warehouse are recognized as Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) database [11]. Figure 1 shows that data warehouse technology is designed as centralized data warehouse architecture. The data warehouse in figure 1 is representation of national standard of higher education, whilst the 3 of data marts are representation of national standards such as education, research and community services. The data marts or data warehouse will have star or snowflake or fact constellation scheme, represent unnormalized database which will be used to increase

8 360 Proceeding ASEAN COSAT 2014 the performance to read the database records with SQL select statement. Indeed, data warehouse technology is used in order to increase the performance of SQL select statement since there is decreasing of number managed tables, records and data byte [11]. The data warehouse will be loaded with the data from the 3 of data marts with ETL (Extraction Transformation and Loading) process. Meanwhile, the 3 data marts will be loaded from OLTP/TPS (Online Transactional Processing/ Transactional Processing System) database with ETL process as well. The ETL process should be done on extraction scheduling mode with constructive merge loading which differ old and new records [12]. The ETL algorithm will be run automatically at the end of office hour, parallel with OLTP daily backup database [12]. The data mart of national standard of education will be loaded with data from OLTP database, such as student administration, academic administration, human resources, general affair and finance. Meanwhile, the data mart of national standard of research should be loaded with data from OLTP database such as human resources, general affair, finance and research. Finally, the data mart of national standard of community services should be loaded with data from OLTP database such as human resources, general affair, financial and community services. Transformation of chosen OLTP database into each data mart should be done based on standard content in each of data mart which represent between Figure 1. EIS database architecture

9 Innovation for Better ASEAN Community 361 national standard of education, research or community services. For example, data marts national standard of research and community services have the same chosen OLTP databases such as human resources, general affair and finance. Both of standards of research and community services have standard of researcher and community service implementer respectively. It is possible to design without data warehouse and using only 3 data marts to input the data warehouse before the 3 data marts. The number of data mart or data warehouse, the chosen between centralized or uncentralized data warehouse architecture should consider based on university needs, cost and performance. Hardware architecture implementation for EIS database architecture, such as the number of server should be designed as user s requirement needs, cost and performance. The OLTP database in figure 1 is an example where it is possible to have different database architecture which depends on each university. The 3 data marts and data warehouse can be accessed by novice or expert user, where the application will provide reporting, graphic reporting, multidimensional as the power of data warehouse. Moreover the intelligence of data warehouse could be increased by adding data mining technique which can find pattern such as classification, discriminant, association, frequent, similar and so on with chosen of data mining algorithm such as Attribute Oriented Induction (AOI) [15], Emerging pattern (EP), Attribute Oriented Induction High Emerging Pattern (AOI-HEP) [13,14], Neural Network, Bayesian Network, Decision tree and so on. VI. Conclusion 24 national standards of higher education as a KPI framework to build EIS application for university will fulfill the Indonesian government regulation in order to assure the higher education quality. Study program quality assurance can be controlled based on this KPI national standard of higher education framework and when one of the standard has poor quality assurance then it will automatically alert the high level management and surely increase the quality by fulfilling the KPI requirement. Moreover, university high level management will be convenient and easy to use the EIS in order to assure the quality of their study program or faculty. University stakeholder such as government, society, community, student s parent should have benefit from the university EIS where the quality of higher education can be accessed in transparent and accountable ways in order to protect the community interest. This research should need more exploration where KPI framework from 24 national standard of higher education should be generated more accurately where

10 362 Proceeding ASEAN COSAT 2014 each national standard will have more than 1 KPI. Furthermore, EIS application infrastructure should be defined in order to show the EIS business process. VI. References 1) Damarjati., D. (2012). Mendikbud: 2013, Wajib belajar 12 Tahun & Kurikulum baru diterapkan. [Online] accessed on 9 July 2014, from : news. detik.com/read/2012/12/04/150638/ /10/mendikbud-2013-wajibbelajar-12-tahun--kurikulum-baru-diterapkan. 2) Sudibyo., B. (2005). Agency of National Accreditation of Higher Education institution. Regulation of Minister of National education of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 28. 3) Sudibyo., B. (2009). Accreditation instruments of Bachelor study program. Copy of attachment 1 of Regulation of Minister of National education of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 73. 4) Sudibyo. B. (2009). Accreditation instruments of Bachelor study program. Copy of attachment 2 of Regulation of Minister of National education of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 73. SEAMEO RIHED. (2012). A study on Quality Assurance Models in Southeast Asian Countries: Towards a Southeast Asian Quality Assurance Framework [Online] accessed on 9 July 2014, from: SEAMEO_RIHED_QA_in_SEA_report_2012.pdf. 5) Nuh., M. (2014). National Standard of Higher Education. Regulation of Minister of education and culture of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 49. 6) Nuh., M. (2014). Quality Assurance of Higher education. Regulation of Minister of education and culture of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 50. 7) Yudhoyono., S.B. (2012). Higher Education. Law of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 12. 8) Yudhoyono.,S.B. (2014). Organization of higher education and management of higher education institution. Regulation of Government of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 4 9) Sudibyo., B. (2009). Accreditation instruments of Bachelor study program. Copy of attachment 7 of Regulation of Minister of National education of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 73 10) Warnars., S. (2014). Perbandingan penggunaan Database OLTP (Online Transcational Processing) and Data Warehouse. CCIT (Creative Communication and Innovative Technology) journal, 7(4).

11 Innovation for Better ASEAN Community ) Warnars., S. (2009). Desain ETL dengan contoh kasus perguruan tinggi. Jurnal Informatika, 10(2), ) Warnars., S. (2012). Attribute Oriented Induction of High-level Emerging Patterns. IEEE International Symposium on Foundations and Frontiers of Data Mining in conjunction with IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (IEEE GrC2012). Hangzhou, China. 13) Warnars., S. (2014). Mining Frequent Pattern with Attribute Oriented Induction High level Emerging Pattern (AOI-HEP). IEEE the 2 nd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (IEEE ICoICT 2014), Bandung, Indonesia, ) Warnars., S. (2010). Star schema design for concept hierarchy in Attribute Oriented Induction. Internetworking Indonesia Journal, 2(2), ) Kelly., F. (2002). Implementing an Executive Information System (EIS). DSSResources.com, 11/07/2002. [Online] accessed on 10 August 2014, from: dssresources.com/papers/features/kelly html