Introduction to e-business Systems

Transcription

1 1 Introduction to e-business Systems

2 2 Learning Objectives Give examples of how Internet and other information technologies support business processes within the business functions of.. Accounting, Finance, Human resource management, Marketing, and Production and operations management.

3 3 Learning Objectives (continued) Identify the following cross-functional system concepts, and how they can provide significant business value to a company: Cross-functional enterprise systems Enterprise application integration Transaction processing systems Enterprise collaboration systems

4 4 Section I Functional Business Systems

5 5 IT in Business Business managers are moving from a tradition where they could avoid, delegate, or ignore decisions about IT to one where they cannot create a marketing, product, international, organization, or financial plan that does not involve such decisions.

6 6 Marketing Systems Marketing Information Systems provide information technologies that support major components of the marketing function. Interactive Marketing Customer focused marketing process Based on using Internet, intranets, & extranets to establish two-way communications between customers or potential customers and the business Customers become involved in product development, delivery, & service issues

7 7 Marketing Systems (continued) Targeted marketing Five targeting components Community Content Context Demographic/psychographic Online behavior

8 8 Marketing Systems (continued) Sales Force Automation The sales force is connected to marketing websites on the Internet, extranets, & the company intranet Increases productivity of sales force Speeds up the capture & analysis of sales data Allows management to provide improved delivery information & better support of the sales force.

9 9 Manufacturing Systems Support the production/operations function Assists firms in planning, monitoring, & controlling inventories, purchases, & the flow of goods and services

10 10 Manufacturing Systems (continued) Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Simplify Automate Integrate Supports the concepts of flexible manufacturing systems, agile manufacturing, & total quality management Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

11 11 Manufacturing Systems (continued) Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Automate the production process Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) Performance monitoring systems for factory floor operations

12 12 Manufacturing Systems (continued) Process Control The use of computers to control an ongoing physical process Machine Control The use of a computer to control the actions of a machine. Also called numerical control

13 13 Human Resource Systems Human Resource Information Systems Support Planning to meet the personnel needs of the business Development of employees to their full potential Recruitment, selection, & hiring Job placement

14 14 Human Resource Systems (continued) Human Resource Information Systems (continued) Performance appraisals Employee benefits analysis Training and development Health, safety, & security

15 15 Human Resource Systems (continued) HRM and the Internet Allows companies to process most common HRM applications over their intranets. Allows companies to provide around-theclock services to their employees. Allows companies to disseminate valuable information faster. Allows employees to perform HRM tasks online.

16 16 Human Resource Systems (continued) Staffing Supported by information systems that record and track human resources to maximize their use Training and Development Help human resource managers plan and monitor employee recruitment, training, and development programs

17 17 Accounting Systems Record and report business transactions and other economic events Online Accounting Systems

18 18 Accounting Systems (continued) Six widely used accounting systems Order processing Captures & processes customer orders and produces data needed for sales analysis and inventory control Inventory Control Processes data reflecting changes in items in inventory. Helps provide high-quality service while minimizing investment in inventory & inventory carrying costs

19 19 Accounting Systems (continued) Accounts Receivable Keeps records of amounts owed by customers from data generated by customer purchases and payments Accounts Payable Keeps track of data concerning purchases from, and payments to, suppliers

20 20 Accounting Systems (continued) Payroll Receives and maintains data from employee time cards and other work records General Ledger Consolidates data received from accounts receivable, accounts payable, payroll, & other accounting information systems

21 21 Financial Management Systems Supports financial managers in decisions concerning The financing of the business The allocation & control of financial resources within the business.

22 22 Financial Management Systems (continued) Major financial management system categories Cash Management Collects information on all cash receipts and disbursements on a real-time or periodic basis

23 23 Financial Management Systems (continued) Investment Management Helps the financial manager make buy, sell, or hold decisions for each type of security Helps the financial manager develop the optimum mix of securities in order to minimize risk and maximize return

24 24 Financial Management Systems (continued) Capital Budgeting Involves evaluating the profitability and financial impact of proposed capital expenditures Allows financial managers to analyze longterm expenditure proposals for plant and equipment

25 25 Financial Management System (continued) Financial Forecasting & Planning Evaluate the present and projected financial performance of the company Help determine financing needs and analyze alternative methods of financing Explore what-if and goal-seeking questions

26 26 Section II Cross-Functional Enterprise Systems

27 27 Cross-Functional Enterprise Applications Integrated combinations of information subsystems that share information resources and support business processes across the functional units A strategic way to use IT to share information resources & improve efficiency & effectiveness

28 28 Cross-Functional Enterprise Applications (continued) Enterprise Application Architecture

29 29 Cross-Functional Enterprise Applications (continued) Focused on accomplishing fundamental business processes in concert with the company s customer, supplier, partner, & employee stakeholders

30 30 Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) Software enables users to model the business processes involved in the interactions that should occur between business applications. Also provides middleware that Performs data conversion & coordination Provides application communication & messaging services Provides access to the application interfaces

31 31 Enterprise Application Integration (continued) Business value Integrates front-office and back-office applications to allow for quicker, more effective response to business events and customer demands Improves customer and suppler experience with the business because of its responsiveness.

32 32 Transaction Processing Systems Cross-functional information systems that process data resulting from the occurrence of business transactions Transactions events that occur as part of doing business Sales Purchases Deposits Withdrawals Refunds Payments

33 33 Transaction Processing Systems (continued) Online transaction processing systems Real-time systems that capture and process transactions immediately Adds value to product or service through superior customer service

34 34 Transaction Processing Systems (continued) Transaction Processing Cycle Data entry The capture of business data Transaction processing Two basic ways Batch processing where transaction data are accumulated & processed periodically Real-time processing where data are processed immediately after a transaction occurs

35 35 Transaction Processing Systems (continued) Database maintenance Corporate databases are updated to reflect the day-to-day business transactions Document and report generation A variety of documents and reports are produced

36 36 Transaction Processing Systems (continued) Inquiry processing Inquiries and responses concerning the results of transaction processing activity

37 37 Transaction Processing Systems (continued)

38 38 Enterprise Collaboration Systems Cross-functional e-business systems that enhance communication, coordination, & collaboration Communicate share information with each other Coordinate coordinate individual work efforts & use of resources with each other. Collaborate work together cooperatively on joint projects and assignments

39 39 Enterprise Collaboration Systems (continued) Tools for Enterprise Collaboration Electronic communication Voice mail Fax Web publishing Bulletin boards Paging Internet phone systems

40 40 Enterprise Collaboration Systems (continued) Electronic conferencing Data & voice conferencing Videoconferencing Chat systems Discussion forums Electronic meeting systems Synchronous. Team members can meet at the same time and place in a decision room setting

41 41 Enterprise Collaboration Systems (continued) Collaborative work management Calendaring & scheduling Task & project management Workflow systems Knowledge management

42 42 Discussion Questions Why is there a trend toward cross-functional integrated enterprise systems in business? Referring to the example on Dell Computer, what other solutions could there be for the problem of information system incompatibility in business besides EAI systems?

43 43 Discussion Questions (continued) Referring to the Charles Schwab & Co. example, what are the most important HR applications a company could offer to its employees via a Web-based system? How do you think sales force automation affects salesperson productivity, marketing management, and competitive advantage?

44 44 Discussion Questions (continued) How can Internet technologies be involved in improving a process in one of the functions of business? What are several e-business applications that you might recommend to a small company to help it survive and succeed in challenging economic times?

45 45 Discussion Questions (continued) Which of the 14 tools for enterprise collaboration do you feel are essential for any business to have today? Which do you feel are optional? Referring to the General Electric example, how do enterprise collaboration systems contribute to bottom-line profits for a business?

46 46 Real World Case 1 Cypress Semiconductor & FleetBoston How does the use of Internet technologies to support the marketing function at Cypress Semiconductor improve business and customer value? What are the benefits and potential challenges of FleetBoston s use of IT to support their targeted marketing programs?

47 47 Real World Case 1 (continued) Why do IT-based targeted marketing programs sometimes produce negative business results? How can negative business results be avoided?

48 48 Real World Case 1 (continued) How can customer segmentation and targeted marketing programs that focus on customer profitability avoid ignoring customers with low current returns but high potential?

49 49 Real World Case 2 Johnson Controls Why is the exchange of tribal knowledge important in product design? How do Web-based systems support such collaborations?

50 50 Real World Case 2 (continued) Why is it important to provide visibility throughout a supply chain? How is JCI attempting to provide this visibility?

51 51 Real World Case 2 (continued) What is the business value of JCI s B2B portal? Can collaboration systems improve the quality of the products that are designed, as well as reducing the cost and time of the design process?

52 52 Real World Case 3 Union Pacific, Corporate Express, & Best Buy How could an enterprise application integration system help a firm to better serve its customers? How could enterprise application systems improve a company s business interactions with its suppliers?

53 53 Real World Case 3 (continued) What major challenges are faced by businesses that implement EAI initiatives? How can companies meet those challenges?

54 54 Real World Case 4 Baxter International What key HR applications are provided by Baxter s Web-based HR system? What are some other Web-based HR applications they might implement?

55 55 Real World Case 4 (continued) What business value does Baxter derive from their Web-based HR approach? What value do their employees receive from such HR systems?

56 56 Real World Case 4 (continued) How could viewing employees as customers or clients change how HR services are provided to employees by Web-based HR systems?

57 57 Real World Case 5 IBM Corporation Why have many companies been reluctant to support instant messaging in the workplace? What are the advantages of instant messaging over and voice mail for enterprise collaboration?

58 58 Real World Case 5 (continued) What do you see as the major disadvantages of using instant messenger instead of or voice mail? Do you recommend that companies encourage and support the use of IM tools for enterprise collaboration?