INTRODUCTION TO WUFI PASSIVE & PHIUS+ 2015

Transcription

1 INTRODUCTION TO WUFI PASSIVE & PHIUS Lisa White: 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 1

2 PASSIVE BUILDING PRINCIPLES 2016 PHIUS 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 2

3 PHIUS+ 2015: A performance based standard with prescriptive requirements 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 3

4 PROJECT CERTIFICATION 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 4

5 3 PILLARS Pass/Fail Criteria 1. Space Conditioning 2. Primary Energy 3. Air-Tightness 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 5

6 TERMINOLOGY Demands & Peaks Loads Annual Demand [kbtu/yr.ft 2 ]: Space conditioning energy required over the course of the year, delivered by the equipment to the space. Peak Load [BTU/hr.ft 2 ]: Space conditioning requirement during the peak climate conditions (average over the worst 24 hours). Determines the size of the mechanical system Passive House Institute US PHIUS 6

7 METHODOLOGY Climate Specific & Cost Competitive Space Conditioning Criteria NREL BEopt optimizes upgrade package by climate Developed by US Industry Standards defined as cost optimal/competitive sweetspot between conservation and generation on the path to zero 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 7

8 BeOpt Optimization Example 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 8

9 DOE Study 100+ Cities Climate Specific Passive Standards These are the locations for which WUFI weather data is available, which supports dynamic calculations for comfort verification and hygrothermal checks Passive House Institute US PHIUS 9

10 SPACE CONDITIONING TARGETS for CLIMATES 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 10

11 SPACE CONDITIONING MUST MEET ALL 4 TARGETS! Annual Heating Demand A (kbtu/ft2.yr) Annual Cooling Demand B (kbtu/ft2.yr) Peak Heating Load C (BTU/ft2.hr) Peak Cooling Load D (BTU/ft2.hr) Different advantages for each: Low annual demand saves energy Low peak loads ensure comfort, resilience, and reduce mechanical system size 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 11

12 TERMINOLOGY Site Energy & Source Energy Site Energy [kwh/person.yr] OR [kbtu/yr.ft 2 ]: Total energy consumed over the course of the year, including space conditioning, hot water, plug loads, lighting, appliances, systems, etc. (Excludes electrical vehicle charging energy, and ligthing energy specific to vehicle parking areas) *No requirement for PHIUS+ Certification Source Energy [kwh/person.yr] OR [kbtu/yr.ft 2 ]: Site energy as described above, multiplied by the source/primary energy factor for the specific fuel type used. Ex: Electricity has a PE factor of 3.16 kwh/kwh (generation at the source vs use on site) 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 12

13 PRIMARY ENERGY BUDGET VARIES BY BUILDING TYPE Residential: Per person limit, based on fair share of CO kwh.person/yr (temporary increase from goal of 4200 kwh/person.yr) Commercial: Per square foot limit 38 kbtu/ft2.yr *Additional allowance for process loads on caseby-case basis 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 13

14 ACH50 AIRTIGHTNESS 0.05 CFM50/ft 2 ENVELOPE AREA Primary reason = Building durability, based on hygrothermal analysis by PHIUS Tech Committee *When leakage per square foot is held constant, ACH50 varies by building size cfm50/ft 2 ~= cfm75/ft *6x tighter than the code compliance path of 0.4 cfm75/ft ,200 2,500 6,000 10,000 38,400 60, ,000 Building Floor Area 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 14

15 CLIMATE SPECIFIC METRICS PASSIVE STANDARDS IN VARYING CLIMATES 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 15

16 CERTIFICATION 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 16

17 SUITE OF PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATES CERTIFIED PASSIVE HOUSE CONSULTANT, CPHC PHIUS CERTIFIED BUILDER PHIUS+ CERTIFIED RATER PHIUS+ CERTIFIED VERIFIER 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 17

18 PHIUS CERTIFIED DATA FOR WINDOWS 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 18

19 PHIUS+ CERTIFICATIONS: 1. Certified to Passive Building Standards 2. Source Zero Certified 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 19

20 PHIUS+ Certification Process : Third Party Verified Step 1: Find CPHC Step 2: Find PHIUS+ Rater/Verifier Design Review via PHIUS Verified PRE-CERT Inspection Update via Rater/Verifier to PHIUS Verified QAQC FINAL CERTIFI- CATION One-time certification, awarded after construction and final testing is complete. Based on energy modeling. Measured performance data not required Passive House Institute US PHIUS 20

21 DESIGN REVIEW & ON-SITE INSPECTION 1. Complying energy model must match drawings/plans/specs (pre-cert) BEFORE CONSTRUCTION 2. Building must match modeled drawings & pass inspections (final cert) DURING CONSTRUCTION 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 21

22 Typical Site Visits: 1. Sub-slab insulation inspection 2. Preliminary blower door test 3. Inspection of insulation installation quality/ir imaging 4. Final blower door test, ventilation commissioning, HW distribution test, other mandatory program checklists Passive House Institute US PHIUS 22

23 PHIUS+ RETROFIT Retrofit Projects Same as new construction -- must meet all space conditioning requirements, air-tightness requirement, and primary energy requirement. Exception: Case-by-case space conditioning energy allowance may be made for a foundation perimeter thermal bridge or other such hard-to-fix structural thermal bridges - provided that the design is also damage-free, that is, low risk from a moisture point of view. In these cases, the project may exceed the space conditioning requirements by the determined allowance. The allowance is determined by the impact that the retrofit constraint has on the space conditioning demands/loads Passive House Institute US PHIUS 23

24 PHIUS CERTIFIED/PRE-CERT DATABASE Source: PHIUS 24

25 WUFI Passive 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 25

26 The feature common to the entire WUFI software family is the dynamic, coupled heat and moisture transport simulation. Distinguished by their roles in the following two categories: 1. Building component simulations (WUFI Pro and WUFI 2D) focus on single- or multi-layer assemblies such as walls and roofs that are subject to specified external and internal climate conditions. These simulations address questions related to how one-dimensional cross sections perform and whether or not they will sustain moisture-related damage. 2. Whole building simulations (WUFI Plus and WUFI Passive) include analyses of building components and their behavior, but they also take their effect on indoor conditions into account. The main focus of these simulations is on the indoor climate and the energy necessary for maintaining comfortable and healthy conditions Passive House Institute US PHIUS 26

27 WHAT IS WUFI PASSIVE? Passive building energy modeling software tool that is uniquely suited to the North American market. Used to design, optimize passive buildings. Used to verify PHIUS+ Certification. Created by Fraunhofer IBP, PHIUS and Owens Corning. Combined the WUFI Plus building simulation tool with PHIUS+ passive house verification criteria Passive House Institute US PHIUS 27

28 CALCULATION METHODOLOGY WUFI Passive WUFI Plus ISO 6946 Building components and building elements Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation method (ISO 6946:2007) x x ISO Energy performance of buildings Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling (ISO 13790:2008 x ISO Thermal performance of buildings Calculation of internal temperatures of a room in summer without mechanical cooling General criteria and validation procedures (ISO 13791:2012) x ISO Energy performance of buildings Sensible room cooling load calculation General criteria and validation procedures x DIN EN ISO Energy performance of buildings Calculation of energy needs for space heating and cooling using dynamic methods General criteria and validation procedures x EN Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements Assessment of moisture transfer by numerical simulation x 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 28

29 SWITCHING MODES WUFI Plus Dynamic Passive House Verification Static/Certification DIN Thermal protection / Building Simulation - (PHIUS does not use this) 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 29

30 GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE (GUI) Layout divided into : (1) Tree Structure, (2) Input Mask,(3) 3D Visualization, (4) Results The 4 screens can be re-shaped and sized to your preference 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 30

31 INTERFACE - TREE Case (whole building) Climate Zones Components Inner Conditions Systems 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 31

32 INTERFACE INPUT SCREEN Changes depending on selected branch in tree Most screens divided into tabs 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 32

33 INTERFACE 3D VISUALIZER Import from Google SketchUp or Revit Components clickable to assign data May edit in building wizard 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 33

34 INTERFACE - RESULTS Instantly updates when changes are made Displays compliance with the certification standard Displays errors when results are not yet shown double click on errors to jump to the input Displays any warnings when results are present. These are not necessarily errors Passive House Institute US PHIUS 34

35 WORKFLOW 1. Geometry 2. Climate Data 3. General Building Info 4. Opaque Components 5. Transparent Components / Shading 6. Internal Loads / Occupancy 7. Ventilation 8. Thermal Bridges 9. Systems 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 35

36 Assigning WUFIplus properties in SketchUp Adding zones 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 36

37 CLIMATE DATA (static) TMY3 Data sets -- Generated in Meteonorm 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 37

38 CLIMATE DATA Input in software: Download all PHIUS Data sets as XML File into WUFI Passive OR Import on an individual basis per project 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 38

39 MONTHLY BALANCE CALCULATIONS LOSSES: - Transmission - Ventilation & Infiltration GAINS: - Solar Gains - Internal Heat Gains 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 39

40 OPAQUE COMPONENTS 3D & INHOMOGENEOUS COMPONENTS 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 40

41 ADDING SUBDIVISIONS Calculation Method: ISO Passive House Institute US PHIUS 41

42 VENTILATION LOSSES 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 42

43 TRANSPARENT COMPONENT LOSSES & SOLAR GAINS U g Ag Ψ spacer l spacer U f Af Ψ install l install 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 43

44 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 44

45 INTERNAL HEAT GAINS APPLIANCES USAGE PATTERNS LIGHTING MISC ELECTRIC LOADS OCCUPANCY 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 45

46 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICES/COVERAGE DISTRIBUTION INDIVIDUAL DEVICE PERFORMANCE 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 46

47 DATABASES Extensive existing databases User Defined databases Sharing databases possible using Export/Import XML 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 47

48 UNIT CONVERSION TOGGLE BUILT IN CALCULATORS AUTO SAVE / TOOL TIPS / COMMENTS 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 48

49 AUTO CALC DIMENSIONS CASE COMPARISONS 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 49

50 CONTINUOUS PHIUS+ STATUS NOTIFICATION NO RESULTS DISPLAY IF INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 50

51 REPORTS 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 51

52 REPORTS 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 52

53 REPORTS 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 53

54 WUFI Plus CUSTOMIZABLE DYNAMIC OUTPUT 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 54

55 WUFI Plus DYNAMIC OUTPUT LOSSES/GAINS 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 55

56 WUFI Plus DYNAMIC OUTPUT HEAT FLOWS Heat / moisture flows Hourly values for all heat and moisture flows Monthly sums of heat and moisture flows Assessment of impact of different measures 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 56

57 WUFI Plus DYNAMIC OUTPUT INNER CLIMATE Dynamic conditions indoor Hourly values for inner temperature and RH Easy assessment of improvement strategies Assessment of effect of thermal and hygric inertia Inner Temperature Heating / Cooling 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 57

58 DYNAMIC OUTPUT COMFORT Comfort assessment (ASHRAE 55) Predicted mean vote Adaptive method Overheating hours 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 58

59 MULTI-ZONE DYNAMIC MODEL TO CHECK FOR THERMAL COMFORT Source: PHIUS / The Bluestone Organization MULTIZONE MODELING FOR THERMAL COMFORT CHECKS: WORST CASE UNIT, BEST CASE UNIT, LARGE COMMUNAL SPACE OR OTHER USES, CRAWLSPACE ETC Passive House Institute US PHIUS 59

60 DYNAMIC OUTPUT COMPONENT PERFORMANCE Hygrothermal component performance Hourly values for layer temperatures, RH and water content Easy moisture safety assessment 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 60

61 DYNAMIC OUTPUT ANIMATION Movie Visualization of temperature and moisture distribution Heat and moisture fluxes on surfaces Identification of problem spots in the assembly Analysis for long term durability 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 61

62 LIMITATIONS No undo button (but Auto-save every x minutes, up to # versions coming in next version) Slows down a bit with (very) large buildings Whole building results in static mode, even if zoned building model Need to use WUFIplus to analyze localized overheating Residential mode or commercial mode Cooling load calculation only for sensible Manual J calculation soon to be implemented to include latent Simplified mechanical system entries 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 62

63 PHIUS+ FEASIBILITY STUDIES HI RISE 249 unit - NYC 259 unit Chicago, IL 209 unit - NYC Hotel Boston, MA Hotel Pittsburgh, PA 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS Passive House Institute US PHIUS 63

64 PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS General Improved shading calculations based on dynamic simulation Improved zoning for multifamily and mixed-use building simulation Import from Revit Passive House Verification Added calculators Manual J cooling calculation New output reports for on-site verification Dynamic Simulation Sophisticated air flow simulation Database updates 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 64

65 IMPROVED SHADING ALGORITHMS NEW! 2017 Passive House Institute US PHIUS 65

66 THANK YOU Lisa White