Overview of Structural Design and Detailing. (Caltrans Practice) Amir M. Malek, PE, PhD. Senior Bridge Engineer (Technical Specialist)
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1 Overview of Structural Design and Detailing of Large Diameter Drilled Shafts (Caltrans Practice) Amir M. Malek, PE, PhD Senior Bridge Engineer (Technical Specialist) Office of Bridge Design Services California Department of Transportation 1
2 Outline Types of Large Diameter Shafts and Comparison Design Highlights and Review of LRFD Requirements Communications of Structural and Geotechnical Designers for LRFD of Shafts Highlights of Seismic Design and Detailing Requirements per Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria (SDC) Case Study 2
3 Applications and Types Used for high seismic loads also where small footprint is desirable Most effective where hard layer (rock) is reachable Used with/without casing Types I & II per SDC classification Type-I : More ductile performance, advantageous for short columns Type-II : Easier post-event repair, shaft enlargement of at least 18 (24 under study) to contain inelastic action to the column (SDC7735) ) 3
4 Test of 6 diameter Type-I Shaft at UCLA 4
5 Test of 6 diameter Type-I Shaft at UCLA 5
6 Types of Large Diameter Drilled Shafts (Caltrans SDC) 6
7 LRFD & Seismic Design Highlights g Structural Designer provides Factored Loads for applicable Limit States Geotechnical Designer will provide tip elevations based on Compression, Tension, and Settlement also Factored Nominal Resistance for Service, Strength and Extreme Event Limit States (LRFD) Structural Designer performs Stability Analysis and provides tip elevation for Lateral Loads Structural Designer analyzes, designs and details the shaft for Seismic Demands according to Caltrans SDC Scour, Liquefaction i and Lateral Spreading are considered d in design (if applicable) 7
8 Review of LRFD Requirements Consider Service, Strength and Extreme Event Limit States for Geotechnical and Structural Design of the Shaft Follow MTD3-1 for Communications and Transfer of Information between SD and GS as summarized in the following Tables 8
9 Preliminary Design Data Sheet (to be provided by SD) 9
10 General Foundation Information (to be provided by SD) 10
11 Foundation Design Loads (to be provided by SD) 11
12 Lateral Stability (BDA Chapter 12) Available Software: LPILE, W-FRAME, or SAP 12
13 General Seismic Design Highlights (Requirements that may be affected by size/type of the shaft) Geometrical/Structural Irregularities Demand and Capacity P-Δ Effect Displacement Ductility Limitation Minimum Local Displacement Ductility Capacity 13
14 Geometrical/Structural t l Irregularities: Balanced Stiffness of Bents (SDC 7.1.1) Balanced Frame Geometry (SDC 7.1.2) Demand vs. Capacity (SDC 4.1.1) P-Δ Δ Effect (SDC 4.2) Displacement Ductility Demand Limits (1.5-3/5 for bents supported by the shafts, per SDC 2.2.3) Minimum Local Displacement Ductility Capacity Limits (SDC ) 14
15 Structural Analysis for Demand Assessment Use Expected Material Properties Determine Column/Shaft Plastic Moments from Section Analysis Use Mo=1.2Mp Use Push-over Analysis and Find Shear and Moment Demands at Collapse 15
16 Demand Calculation (Single Column Bent) Mo Vo Mo 16
17 Seismic Demand Calculation (Multi-Column Bent) Mo Type-I 17
18 Seismic Demand Calculation (Multi-Column Bent) Mo Type-II 18
19 Structural Design of the Shafts M Type II ne >= 1.25 M Demand (SDC ) V n Type II >= V Demand (SDC 3.6.7) Shear capacity is calculated as a ductile member using SDC 3.6 requirements (for Type-II assume µ d =1) 19
20 Detailing Requirements No Splice Zones (SDC 8.1.1) Plastic hinge region and areas of M D >M y Ultimate t Splices (SDC 8.1.2) Ductile members outside No Splice Zone Service Splice (MTD20-9) Capacity Protected Members like Bent Cap For Hoops and Spirals in Ductile Members Use Ultimate Splices, Except: No splices in spirals used in No Splice Zones (end anchorage has been used to improve constructability) 20
21 Case Study (Type-II) Top of the Pile Boundary Conditions: V & M (V=150 kips, M=3,750 k-ft) 21
22 Liquefied Layer 22
23 23
24 24
25 25
26 26
27 Scour Included Case-I Results Competent Not Liquefied Liquefied Liquefied (I) (II) Top Deflection (in.) Mmax (kip-in.) (x10-4 ) Location of Mmax (ft) Vmax (kips) Location of Vmax (ft) Stable Length (ft)
28 Summary (Method-I) 28
29 29
30 Thank You 30
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