SEISMIC DESIGN AND RETROFITTING FOR MISSOURI HIGHWAY BRIDGES. Presenting by

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1 SEISMIC DESIGN AND RETROFITTING FOR MISSOURI HIGHWAY BRIDGES Presenting by Anousone Arounpradith,, MSCE, P.E. Structural Project Manager, Bridge Division Missouri Dept. of Transportation Geotechnical and Bridge Seismic Design Workshop New Madrid Seismic Zone Experience October 28-29, 29, 2004, Cape Girardeau, Missouri Design & Retrofitting - 1 Outlined Topics Bridge Overview Seismic Design for new bridges Seismic Retrofitting for existing bridges Summary Design & Retrofitting - 2 1

2 Bridge Overview First seismic design in 1989 Structures in Missouri Over 10,000 bridges in the state inventory Currently 2,300 (23%) bridges in Seismic Cat. B, C & D Typical Bridges in Missouri Plate Girder, PS I-Beams, I Solid Slab, etc. Multiple column bents, pile bents (steel and concrete) Spread and Pile Footings Design & Retrofitting - 3 Design & Retrofitting - 4 PS I-Beams Superstructure 2

3 Design & Retrofitting - 5 Plate Girder Superstructure Multiple Concrete Column Bents Design & Retrofitting - 6 3

4 Multiple (Steel) Pile Cap Bents Design & Retrofitting - 7 Integral (monolithic) Abutment Design & Retrofitting - 8 4

5 Non-integral Multiple (free-standing) (Steel) Pile Abutment Cap Bents Design & Retrofitting - 9 Steel Pile Footings w/anchors Design & Retrofitting -10 5

6 Spread Footings on Rock Design & Retrofitting -11 Outlined Topics Bridge Overview Seismic Design for new bridges Design & Retrofitting -12 6

7 Design References Seismic Design 16 th AASHTO Div. I-A I A (1996) and interims Lam and Martin (1986) Priestley and Seible (1996) Wilson, J.C. (1988) Etc. Design & Retrofitting -13 Seismic Map for Missouri Rock Acc. Coeff.. = 0.10 to 0.36 <1/3 of Missouri in Seismic Cat. B, C & D Design & Retrofitting -14 7

8 Bridge Layout Multiple spans bridge with large skew Monolithic abutments with interior wing walls Multiple column bents Pile footings Analysis/Design Seismic Design Multi-mode response spectrum method Liquefaction Soil-Foundation Interaction Footing springs Abutment springs Pile springs Design & Retrofitting -16 8

9 Seismic Design Spread Footing Springs (Lam & Martin) Equivalent circular footing Six linear springs 3 Translations & B 3 Rotations [K] = (β)(α)[κο] D Κο diagonal stiffness K22 β embedment factor K55 α shape correction factor Design & Retrofitting -17 C.G. K33 K66 L K11 K44 Seismic Design Abutment Springs Wilson s s models (1988) 3 linear springs Translation and Two Rotations Backwall, beam cap, or wing A Kθz Kθy B Kx Design & Retrofitting -18 9

10 Axial Load, Q (kip) pile compliance =QL/AE Pile Axial Spring SPILE Program (Urzua( Urzua,, 1993) Piles subject to axial loads Non-linear curve for soil-pile interaction Axial Displacement, z (in) Equivalent Linear Spring (Secant Stiffness Approach, Q/2) P skin friction Qu/2 z 200 end bearing flexible pile solution rigid pile solution 300 Qu 400 Pile Lateral & Rotational Springs COM624P Program (Wang & Reese, 1993) Piles subject to lateral loads Non-linear curve for soil-pile interaction Equivalent Linear Spring (Secant Stiffness Approach, P(Mu)/2 ) Max. Equivalent Linear Stiffness Pile Lateral Load, P P = P(Mu) P = P(Mu)/2 From COM624P Min. Equiv. Linear Stiffness P δ Pile Deflection, δ 10

11 Drilled shafts Footing on piles or rock Foundation Spring Model Abutment Springs Many equiv. linear springs Master joint at C.G. of superstructure C.G. of Superstructure C.G. of backwall & beam cap Abut. Long. Direction Abut. Trans. Direction 11

12 Seismic Design Analysis/Design (cont.) Rigid Body Transformation Technique Combine springs (stiffness) at a master joint Reduce # of degree-of of-freedomsfreedoms Take account of coupling effects Demand seismic forces for abut. s s components Design & Retrofitting -23 Structure Modeling Multi-mode Response Spectrum Analysis [6x6] stiffness at abutment s s master joint [6x6] stiffness at foundation s s master joint Full-Zero abutment springs 2 separated seismic analyses Abutment s master joint- [6x6] stiffness Foundation s master joint- [6x6] stiffness 12

13 Seismic Design Analysis/Design (cont.) Iterative Abutment Procedure Check soil passive pressure <7.7 ksf Design & Retrofitting -25 Passive Soil Pressure vs. Abutment Displ. Max. passive soil pressure 7.7 ksf at abutments Reduce abutment springs when abutment s s pressure > 7.7 ksf 1 Ko A 1 K1 A 7.7 ksf 1 K2 A Passive Pressure Abutment Displ. 13

14 Seismic Design Analysis/Design (cont.) Iterative Abutment Procedure Check soil passive pressure <7.7 ksf Check pile stresses < allowable stresses Check abutment s s displacement at the master joint Min. support length at expansion gaps Consider both elastic and plastic designs Design all main connections Column to footing or beam cap (T-Joint Design) Anchor bolts, shear blocks, crossframes Etc. Design & Retrofitting -27 Column-Beam Cap (T-Joint) Connection Design & Retrofitting

15 Column-Footing (T-Joint) Connection Design & Retrofitting -29 Outlined Topics Bridge Overview Seismic Design for new bridges Seismic Retrofit for existing bridges Design & Retrofitting

16 SEISMIC RETROFIT Major bridge rehabilitations Deck replacement Bridge widening Case-by by-case basis Retrofitting vs. New bridge Evaluate Pros and Cons Cost-effective comparison Availability of funding Design & Retrofitting -31 SEISMIC RETROFIT Retrofit design FHWA-RD RD (May 1995) Multi-mode Response Spectrum analysis Capacity/Demand Ratio Types of Retrofitting Restrainers Bearing replacements Deepen beam caps Steel column jacketing Widen footings Design & Retrofitting

17 SEISMIC RETROFIT Restrainer System Design & Retrofitting -33 SEISMIC RETROFIT Steel Column Jacketing Design & Retrofitting

18 SEISMIC RETROFIT Retrofitting footings Design & Retrofitting -35 Outlined Topics Bridge Overview Seismic Design for new bridges Seismic Retrofit for existing bridges Summary Design & Retrofitting

19 SUMMARY Multi-mode Response Spectral Analysis Soil-Foundation Interaction Rigid Body Transformation T-Joint Connection Design Rigorous Analysis and Design Time-consuming Design Design & Retrofitting -37 Questions? More Information, Website: Look for Business/bridge design/section 6.1 & Thank you! Design & Retrofitting

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