Efficient linkages for fauna species in the landscape

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1 Rüdiger Jooß Efficient linkages for fauna species in the landscape Simulation of linkage efficiency in habitat networks fragmented by roads (FKZ: ) Funding Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Supervision Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Institutions - Institute for Landscape Planning and Ecology University of Stuttgart - Department Research on Nature Conservation Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig

2 mobility of fauna mammals of forests NP Bayr. Wald - follow landscape-structures - directed movement - regional to international level linear wildlife-corridors invertebrates (e.g. insects) (amphibians/reptiles) Fig.: J. Trautner - random dispersal - local to regional level spatial habitat-networks Fig.: Bennett (1998)

3 metapopulation theory metapopulation weakening of metapopulations -> degradation of habitats -> loss of habitats -> loss of dispersal through new barriers in the landscape lack of methods for impact assessment in landscape planning individuals within habitat outside habitats occupied not occupied landscape matrix Thanks to Achim Poethke! University of Regensburg

4 goal 1. Project goal Development of a method to analyze and assess the dispersal of invertebrate populations in habitat networks -> impact-assessment of fragmentation through roads practical use in applied -> evaluate the efficiency of mitigation measures landscape planning! Focus: slow moving invertebrates beetles, spiders, ants, slow moving saltatoria and butterflies

5 model 4. Dispersal-Model: `GIS-WALK` Developed: Dr. Dirk Lorenzen Supervision: PD Dr. Heinrich Reck Reprogrammed: Dr. Uwe Wössner Ecology Centre University of Kiel (CAU) High performance computing center, University of Stuttgart Individual-based dispersal-model Input - data: o start-individuals (point-shapefile) o habitat-suitability (polygon-shapefile) - parameters: (selection) o lifetime (min./max.) o mortality (~ habitat suitability) o probability of entering a different habitat suitability o distance of daily dispersal (~ habitat suitability) o range of sight Output o daily movements (point-shapefile) o -> end-points (point-shapefile)

6 `GIS-WALK` starting individuals habitat of Polysarcus denticauda habitat suitability high medium poor none, similar structure none, different structure barrier 50m

7 random walk -> high habitat suitability -> foraging, mate-location directed walk -> poor/no habitat suitability -> net displacement for new settlement directed walk no suitability random walk poor suitability random walk in high suitability starting individuals end of lifetime habitat of Polysarcus denticauda habitat suitability high medium poor none, similar structure none, different structure barrier 50m

8 field-work / validation Dispersal-Model: GIS-WALK -> (some) validation Master thesis of Mrs. O. Sladkowska - telemetry-study on Polysarcus denticauda - 30 individuals during ~ 3 weeks - capture-recapture to analyse effects of transmitter (0.41g) Polysarcus denticauda - weight: up to 6 g -size: up to 5 cm - flightless Fig.: O. Sladkowska

9 telemetry-data of 10 individuals philopatric: ~random walk colonizers: ~directed walk Maxima of measured daily distances telemetry modeled dispersal using `GIS-WALK` model

10 18 19 dispersed individuals* from patch 18 (16 ind.) to: patch 16 patch 17 patch ,47 1,17 0,5 16 scenario no road 0,2 0,97 0 scenario road without wildlife crossing 0,37 1,37 0,53 scenario road with crossing (50m) * mean of 30 model-runs

11 network of dispersal dispersal-model: GIS-WALK network of dispersal (Python-Script, ArcGIS) -> analyse the paths of dispersal through all the habitats which were crossed -> count the individuals which dispersed between each pair of habitats -> simplified cartographic representation of rate of dispersal

12 case-study Polysarcus denticauda Wanstschrecke Detzel (1998) Conservation status - RL D: critically endangered - RL BW: endangered - BW: special conservation responsibility within Germany (Maas et al. 2002) Ofterdingen

13 scenarios no road road without wildlife crossings

14 scenarios crossings G1 and/or G2 tunnel

15 scenarios full compensation as several-small configuration (8.5 ha) full compensation as single-large configuration (8.5 ha)

16 scenarios partial compensation as several-small configuration (1.8 ha) partial compensation as single-large configuration (1.8 ha)

17 scenarios: results no road road without crossing

18 scenarios: results crossings G1 and/or G2 tunnel

19 scenarios: results full compensation as several-small configuration (8.5 ha) full compensation as single-large configuration (8.5 ha)

20 scenarios: results partial compensation as several-small configuration (1.8 ha) partial compensation as single-large configuration (1.8 ha)

21 scenarios: comparison no road road no road road dispersal between all habitats dispersal across the road conclusion * dispersal of the entire population is heavily affected * tunnel is more effective then the crossings * crossings / tunnel is more effective than compensation except of full compensation as severall small configuration complete compensation as several small configuration * very short distances between habitats have disadvantages (deseases / parasites etc.) * developing new habitats can be difficult * population dynamics is not modeled with GIS-WALK (yet)

22 scenarios: costs dispersal between all habitats no road road management costs: 560 ha/y time-span: 25 years costs for mitigation / compensation measures mean lifetime of the individuals no road road

23 wildlife crossings vs. habitat development Comparison of the costs for a wildlifecrossing with habitat-development and management for 25 years wildlife crossing - linkage of the crossing to the habitatnetwork secured? + management of the habitat on the crossing is secured * synergy-effects with other species? compensation by habitat development - availability of suitable area? - long-time management? * can the habitat-type be developed at all?

24 compensation of loss of dispersal Compensating the loss of dispersers into habitat 36 -> semi-quantitative assessment of the need for compensation

25 conclusion - GIS-WALK is a suitable tool für modeling dispersal of invertebrates - the developed method is a promising approach for the assessment of species dispersal for the practice of landscape planning - the method `opens the door` for integrating the loss of dispersal into systematic impact assessment and compensation-regulations -Problems * lack of good information on species dispersal * field-validation of stochastic processes -Outlook * research on species dispersal * integrate population dynamics into GIS-WALK

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