INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO PROJECT PROPOSAL

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO PROJECT PROPOSAL TITLE: IMPLEMENTATION OF A FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL PLAN IN THE CENTRAL AMAZON REGION OF PERU SERIAL NUMBER: COMMITTEE: SUBMITTED BY: ORIGINAL LANGUAGE: PD 665/12 Rev.2 (F) REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT OF PERU SPANISH SUMMARY Peru has approximately 68 million hectares of natural forests, with the second largest forest area in Latin America where approximately 94% of forests are in the Amazon Region. These Amazon forests are in the high and low rainforest areas, with the high rainforest ecosystem recording the highest rate of Andean population immigration to work in agriculture; this has put enormous pressure on the forests, and is one of the main causes leading to deforestation and burning of forests for land use change. Amazon forests in the Department of Pasco cover approximately 1.4 million hectares, with deforestation on 302,000 hectares according to the 2005 study by PROCLIM. As a result of burning from shifting subsistence agriculture and changes in land use, forest fires have been causing human, economic and ecological losses, year after year. This in turn has caused loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, loss of water quality and quantity, as well as an increase in poverty among the rural and native population of the region, In this context, there is an urgent need to implement a project with the overall objective of curbing deforestation and forest ecosystem degradation through a significant reduction in forest slashing and burning so as to mitigate climate change and contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the population in the Pasco Region. The specific objective of the project is to implement a Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan in the Province of Oxapampa, Department of Pasco. The project will be implemented in accordance with the ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests. The target area of the project in the Department of Pasco covers the five districts with the highest occurrence of heat spots in the province of Oxapampa. The project will develop a system to articulate the various state and private sector bodies, will implement a monitoring center with timely and reliable information and will train all stakeholders involved, particularly native communities. Furthermore, the project will provide high-tech operating units to fight forest fires. EXECUTING AGENCY PRONATURALEZA COLLABORATING AGENCIES ---- DURATION APPROXIMATE STARTING DATE BUDGET AND PROPOSED SOURCES OF FINANCE: 36 MONTHS UPON APPROVAL Source Contribution in US$ ITTO 767, PRONATURALEZA 281, TOTAL 1,048,863.95

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 3 PROJECT BRIEF 4 MAP OF PROJECT AREA 6 PARTE 1 6 PART 1. PROJECT CONTEXT ORIGIN RELEVANCE Conformity with ITTO s objectives and priorities Relevance to the submitting country s policies TARGET AREA Geographic location Social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects EXPECTED OUTCOMES AT PROJECT COMPLETION 20 PART 2. PROJECT RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES RATIONALE Institutional set-up and organizational issues Stakeholder analysis Problem Analysis Logical framework matrix OBJECTIVES Development objective and impact indicators Specific objective and outcome indicators 25 PART 3. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT INTERVENTIONS OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES Outputs Activities IMPLEMENTATION APPROACHES AND METHODS WORK PLAN BUDGET Master budget Consolidated budget by component Budget by financing source ASSUMPTIONS, RISKS, SUSTAINABILITY Assumptions and risks Sustainability 37 PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT MECHANISMS Executing agency and partners Project management team Project steering committee Stakeholder involvement mechanisms REPORTING, REVIEW, MONITORING AND EVALUATION DISSEMINATION AND MAINSTREAMING OF PROJECT LEARNING Dissemination of project results Mainstreaming of project learning 41 ANNEXES 42 ANNEX 1. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ITTO EXPERT PANEL AND CORRESPONDING MODIFICATIONS 43 ANNEX 2. PROFILE OF THE EXECUTING AGENCY 44 ANNEX 3. TERMS OF REFERENCE 47 ANNEX 4. SUMMARY CVS OF PRONATURALEZA STAFF 49 ANNEX 5. WORKSHOPS PROCEEDINGS (ATTACHED FILE) 50 ANNEX 6. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR FOREST FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN OXAPAMPA-PASCO (ATTACHED FILE) 51 ANNEX 7. LETTERS OF SUPPORT 52 2

3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACRONYMS ATFFS BPSMSC CDC UNALM FACILITY FAO GFIMS GOES GORE PASCO GRRNN and GMA INDECI INEI INIA INPE INRENA MAB MINAM MP NPA NR RBOAY RCEL RCY RNJ SENASA SERNANP SHCH SINANPE SNH UNALM MEANING Administración Técnica Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (Forest and Wildlife Technical Administration) Bosque de Protección San Matías - San Carlos (San Matías - San Carlos Protection Forest) Centro de Datos para la Conservación de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Centre for Conservation Data of Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina) Mechanism for National Forest Programmes United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture Global Fire Information Management System GOES - NOAA Satellite - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regional Pasco Government Gerencia Regional de Recursos Naturales y Gestión del Medio Ambiente (Regional Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil (National Civil Defense Institute) Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (National Statistics and IT Institute) Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria (National Agriculture Research Institute) National Space Research Institute - Brazil Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales (National Institute for Natural Resources) (now SERNANP) Man and Biosphere Ministry of the Environment Master Plan Natural Protected Area Natural Resources Reserva de Biosfera Oxapampa-Ashaninka-Yanesha (Oxapampa- Ashaninka-Yanesha Biosphere Reserve) Reserva Comunal El Sira (El Sira Community Reserve) Reserva Comunal Yanesha (Yanesha Community Reserve) Reserva Nacional de Junín (Junín National Reserve) Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria (National Agricultural Health Service) Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (National Natural State Protected Area Service) Santuario Histórico Chacamarca (Chacamarca Historical Sanctuary) Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (National State Protected Natural Area System) Santuario Nacional de Huayllay (Huayllay National Sanctuary) Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (La Molina National Agriculture University) 3

4 PROJECT BRIEF In Peru, the deforestation and forest degradation problem is closely linked to the poverty level; it affects mainly rural Andean areas and the so-called high rainforest. Its main causes include shifting agriculture that is linked to uncertain land tenure and access, as well as market pressures and undervaluation of forests; all these have been causing serious damage to forest ecosystems. According to the FRA 2010 (FAO), of the 68 million hectares of tropical forests in Peru, Amazon forests represent close to 94%; they are the largest and most important forest ecosystem in Peru because of their enormous biodiversity. However, as a result of burning from shifting agriculture, forest fires have been causing human, economic and ecological losses, year after year. This in turn has caused loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, loss of water quality and quantity, as well as an increase in poverty among the rural and native population in the Department of Pasco, Province of Oxapampa, in the high rainforest region 1, with the compounding fact that it is precisely at the headwaters of the Amazon basin, so any forest and soil degradation there immediately affects the entire low altitude rainforest, to the Atlantic. In this respect, it is very important to promote actions that will mitigate these problems affecting the high rainforests of Peru. Thus, the project s development objective is to curb deforestation and forest ecosystem degradation through a significant reduction in forest slashing and burning so as to mitigate climate change and contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the population in the Pasco Region. Its specific objective is to implement a Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan in the province of Oxapampa, Department of Pasco, following the ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests. By the end of the project, the risk of forest-fire caused deforestation and forest degradation in the high Amazon rainforest will have decreased in the target area, thanks to an inter-sectoral coordination system, involvement in organized civil society, particularly in native communities living in the area; furthermore, there will be timely information available thanks to monitoring mechanisms and enhanced capacities of the regional and local governments as well as local communities. The direct target area of the project is in the Department of Pasco, Province of Oxapampa, in the Oxapampa, Chontabamba, Huancabamba, Pozuzo and Puerto Bermúdez districts. This zone is rich in biodiversity and includes part of the Oxapampa Ashaninka Yanesha Biosphere Reserve (RBOAY), recognised by UNESCO in 2010 and added to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Today, this network includes 569 reserves in 109 countries. The Oxapampa Asháninka Yánesha Biosphere Reserve (RBOAY) covers more than 1.8 million hectares and includes the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park, the Yánesha Community Reserve, and the San Matías San Carlos Protection Forest as well as part of the El Sira Community Reserve, four of the six Natural Protected Areas in the Department of Pasco (see Table 6). It also includes Yánesha and Asháninka ethnic community lands and forests, as well as Andean and Austrian- German descendant settler agricultural units. With these characteristics the Department of Pasco is the third for the size of its Natural Protected Area cover, with 25.5% of its department area in this category. Pasco covers 25, km 2 with a population of 290,275. The natural forest area covers 1.4 million hectares, of which over 400,000 hectares are occupied by Native Communities and close to one million hectares are Natural Protected Areas; deforestation has affected approximately 300,000 hectares. Oxapampa is the largest province in this region with 18, km 2 (74%), with high and low altitude rainforest landscapes; it is at an average 1,814 meters above sea level, and has a population of 84,518. It has close to 98% of the Pasco tropical forests, including valuable species. The project will directly benefit regional and local authorities, as well as local communities and settlers in the target area of the project. The primary beneficiaries include native and rural communities, local and regional governments and the firefighter force. The intended outputs of the project include: 1. A regional forest fire prevention and control system for the Department of Pasco 1 Selva Alta (High Forest) is the part of the Amazon forest region above 700 metres above sea level. 4

5 2. The forest fire prevention and control plan to be developed in the provinces of Huancabamba, Chontabamba and Oxapampa in the Department of Pasco. 3. A fire monitoring centre with timely and reliable information for forest fire prevention and control To ensure the successful achievement of the project objectives, both the approach and the methods used in the implementation of project activities must follow ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests and must provide for the following: Participatory approach: For activity implementation; in this sense, the following actions will apply: Enhancement of local organizations related to the danger of forest burning and fire prevention and control. Furthermore, community forest management and forest conservation will be promoted, including a participatory process for monitoring and evaluation; in this respect, Participatory Rural Evaluation techniques or similar strategies will be used, and participatory consultations will be organized with a view to distribution and mainstreaming of the information. Multi-disciplinary approach: the project will work with a multi-disciplinary professional team, with forest fire, as well as forest, economic, social and communication expertise. Synergies: Synergies will be established with local and regional institutions to enhance forest fire prevention and control actions and prevent effort duplication. Furthermore, synergies will be established with neighbouring regional governments where fires are so large that they go beyond regional boundaries. Local capacity building: Community leaders and children will be selected and trained, and local personnel will be involved in field work and activities. Training provided will focus on forest fire prevention and control, forest conservation and enhanced environmental services, as well as other subjects including forest management, and carbon trade and markets. Capacity building will be based on the general theme of forest conservation. In order to sustain its outcomes, the project has been structured with a view to achieving the proposed development objective through the implementation of practical activities and very concrete, measurable outcomes; there will be an ongoing monitoring mechanism to assess project effects and impacts regularly over time. This is why, in general terms, the project does not face other major risks that could prevent its implementation; however, to ensure the successful achievement of the proposed development objective, the project expects the Government of Peru to support the national forest policy aimed at sustainable development of the country's forests, consistently with the project objective, and that both the authorities and the community remain willing and interested in participating in the project, to ensure significant reduction of forest fires in the target area, thus helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 5

6 MAP OF PROJECT AREA Pasco Region, Province of Oxapampa and selected districts for the implementation of the Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan 6

7 PART 1. PROJECT CONTEXT 1.1 Origin Peru is one of the countries with the highest biodiversity in the world; it is second in forest area in Latin America and ninth worldwide. Furthermore, it is estimated that the deforestation rate is 150,000 hectares/year according to PROCLIM 2005, and it already has 7.4 million hectares of deforested land. The Department of Pasco covers 25,319 km², and is situated in the central area of Peru, on the eastern slope of the Andes range; the Province of Oxapampa is one of the most important high rainforest areas in Peru for its biodiversity, natural forests and forest activity. The province of Oxapampa is at the headwaters of the Amazon basin and is the largest province in the region, with 18, km 2 (74%). It includes both high and low altitude rainforest; it is at an average 1,814 metres above sea level, and has a population of 84,518. It has close to 98% of the Pasco tropical forests, including valuable species. Factors such as migration and land use change compound the effect of activities that promote deforestation and forest degradation, which bring about the loss of natural resources, environmental services, and as a result, the loss of forest ecosystem biodiversity. In this sense, one of the main issues affecting forests is forest fires caused by burning for farming, particularly during the dry season. Mostly this problem arises from social and structural factors including poverty and extreme poverty, as is the case in this Department: Years poverty % extreme poverty% Source: INEI, 2010 The occurrence of forest fires in the Department of Pasco is concentrated mostly in the Province of Oxapampa in tropical rainforests, montane forests and yungas, and the other area affected is in the scant forest remnants and grasslands in the puna areas of Pasco. Close to 500 heat spots were recorded in The most significant environmental impact of forest fires on Andean ecosystems in the province is the gradual destruction of tropical forests and native pastures, mainly Stipa ichu and other grasses. The frequency of uncontrolled burning on plant cover exposes the soil to erosion agents and promotes its degradation with accelerated loss of nutrients. At the same time, a hard crust (hardpan) is formed on the ground, severely reducing the potential for plant growth. In this respect, and at a time when climate change is worsening, fire is a threat for biodiversity conservation: each year the pressure on land increases, mainly from local and itinerant farmers who use uncontrolled burning intensively to prepare farms or renew pastures. An example of this threat is the deadly impact of a recent fire (October 2010) in Oxapampa, specifically in the district of Llamaquizú, next to the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park. This alerted the region with respect to the risk of irreparable losses if a fire were to affect the National Park, a natural protected area that includes others within the framework of the Oxapampa-Ashaninka-Yanesha Biosphere Reserve (RBOAY), such as Yanesha Community Reserve, San Matías San Carlos Protection Forest, El Sira Community Reserve and other conservation areas. Deforestation in this region has reached very high rates and is causing enormous economic losses Forest Fire in Oxapampa Chontabamba 7

8 This situation has led the Ministry of Agriculture's General Forest and Wildlife Directorate, the Facility Focal Point within the framework of the Mechanism for National Forest Programmes of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to prioritize the development of a Regional Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan over the past few years. To this purpose, a diagnosis was prepared and a baseline was defined for the occurrence and impacts of forest fires in the province of Oxapampa, and a Forest Fire Prevention and Fighting Plan was developed in a participatory manner. Implementation of this Plan is the subject of this proposal; this would be a pioneering tool in Peru to deal with the problem of forest fires affecting and threatening the country's tropical forests. Its implementation will encourage the development and implementation of other similar plans throughout the country; this will be done through public policy instruments. Remote sensing to detect fires has produced a bleak view. Forest fire events in Oxapampa in 2009 included: Table 1: Number of heat spots, Province District N. of heat spots Risk Danger Oxapampa Puerto Bermúdez 1,705 High Low Pozuzo 192 Medium Medium Huancabamba 144 High High Chontabamba 41 High Medium Oxapampa 29 Medium Medium Pasco Huayllay 59 Medium High Ninacaca 21 Medium Medium Vicco 6 Medium Medium Total 2,197 Source: INPE, Prepared by: ProNaturaleza, There is an alarming trend towards more forest fires in the Department of Pasco, as shown in the following chart: Figure 1: Increase in number of heat spots in the Department of Pasco Source: INPE, Prepared by: ProNaturaleza This information has not been classified, and only represents the situation at certain points in time, without any link to formal data storage and monitoring system. Therefore, it is very important to establish a regional and provincial forest fire prevention and control system both in the public and in the private sectors, involving the local population. According to ProNaturaleza's studies, because of its topography and ecology, the province of Oxapampa is at a high risk of ongoing forest fire events. The risk is higher in the districts in Huancabamba, Chontabamba and Oxapampa, because of the topography and, especially, the type of vegetation (mono-crop forest plantations or blocks of highly flammable exotic species such as pine and eucalyptus) and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. Furthermore, the climate in the area features much lower relative humidity and the 8

9 pioneer vegetation is more fire-prone, most existing plantations (pine and eucalyptus) are on slopes close to which there are usually crops that are constantly being burnt for clearing. The current Forest and Wildlife Law, Law 27308, and its Regulations, provide for the development of a National Deforestation Prevention and Control System, as well as the implementation of the National Forest Fire and Pest Prevention and Control Plan, which have been specified as follows: National Forest Fire and Pest Prevention and Control System: This system is under the responsibility of the forest service and groups the main authorities of thee agrarian, interior, defence, education, fire-fighters, civil advocacy, local government and organized civil society sectors, among others. National Forest Fire and Pest Prevention and Control Plan: It stipulates the responsibilities and functions of each of the members of the National Forest Fire and Pest Prevention and Control System in the different phases: diagnosis; coordination strategies and mechanisms; prevention, control and monitoring systems; education and communication; training of firefighters; damage assessment; restoration and rehabilitation; and research and funding. These mechanisms have not been developed or implemented to date by the Peruvian Government. However, this situation warrants urgent attention because there are regions in the country such as Pasco, which are severely affected by these high rainforest fires, including the province of Oxapampa, and require a local forest fire prevention and control plan to safeguard the existence and productivity of the tropical forests in the area. This is the reason why FAO, as a result of its interest in the subject, prioritized the National Forest Programme Facility for the participatory development of a Provincial Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan; further to the FAO's call to action, it was ProNaturaleza that was awarded the contract and signed the Letter of Agreement with FAO for implementation in the province of Oxapampa, in the Pasco region. The overall objective of the Plan is to reduce forest fires and their impact in the province of Oxapampa, in the Pasco Region, and to promote the restoration of natural areas degraded by fire. The Plan covers the planning, organization and actions to be taken for the prevention and control of forest fires and for the rehabilitation of fire-degraded areas. The Plan document and protocols are attached as Annex 6. In this respect, with this valuable input and the support of the regional government in Pasco, the local governments and the regional firefighter force, there was a need to start implementation by organizing the State and civil society in the appropriate manner, acquiring the necessary equipment and training as well as a plan, and opening up possibilities for the development of alternative activities to deforestation and forests burning. This would help conserve the Amazon forests in the region, some of the most biologically diverse in the country, where there are several protected areas and native and rural communities as well as forest producers. If this project were to be implemented, a very important tool and a unique experience would be achieved to replicate in other areas of the Peruvian Amazon Region that are also affected by forest fires, and the basis would be set to contribute to the implementation of a national plan coordinated by the Government in cooperation with several public and private agencies, thus facilitating the adoption of public policies in the different government sectors concerned. Furthermore, the replication of this experience would not only be important in the country but also at the international level, as it could become an important model to be followed by other Amazon Andean countries that have not yet developed a forest fire prevention and control plan. 1.2 Relevance Conformity with ITTO s objectives and priorities The project is perfectly consistent with the country's and ITTO's objectives and priorities, as it is also one of the main UN Millennium Objectives. The project is directly related and contributes to the following ITTO objectives: Objective 2000 Recognizing this lack of progress, ITTO members reaffirmed their commitment to the objective of advancing as fast as possible towards tropical timber and tropical timber product exports from sustainably managed 9

10 sources; this commitment is called "ITTO Objective 2000". The Objective 2000 is still the central goal of the Organization and is supported by ongoing efforts to increase government, industry and community capacity to manage their forests and add value to their forest products, and to uphold and improve transparency in trade and access to international markets. In this context the project is consistent with the Objective 2000, as it contributes to improved management of forest resources, safeguarding tropical forest productivity in Peru's central Amazon region. The project is consistent with, and contributes effectively to several ITTO objectives, ratified in the ITTA and in the ITTO Yokohama Action Plan (13), including: c. Contributing to sustainable development and to poverty alleviation; The project considers that one of the main causes of forest slash and burn practices is the lack of opportunities and alternatives for the population to generate economic resources for their family or community; thus it defines support for the development of these activities (and therefore, enhanced living standards for these communities) as part of its strategy. f. Promoting and supporting research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization and the competitiveness of wood products relative to other materials, as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests. The project also bases its strategy on, and devotes considerable effort and resources to improving forest management, beginning with ecologic and economic zoning and forest land management systems. j. Encouraging members to support and develop tropical timber reforestation, as well as rehabilitation and restoration of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resources; The project makes a significant contribution to the preservation and rehabilitation of forest resources, controlling or mitigating the effects of slashing and forest fires. l. Strengthening the capacity of members for the collection, processing and dissemination of statistics on their trade in timber and information on the sustainable management of their tropical forests; The project establishes as a starting point the baseline determined in order to have up-to-date and reliable information on the current status of forest resources and their regular monitoring, producing highly valuable statistics and information for forest management and timber trade m. Encouraging members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests, and maintaining ecological balance, in the context of the tropical timber trade; The project is based on national policies for sustainable forest use and maintenance of ecologic balance. n. Strengthening the capacity of members to improve forest law enforcement and governance, and address illegal logging and related trade in tropical timber; Forest governance is a key subject in the project context, and as the problem tree clearly shows, the lack of control and of official authority, and poor compliance with laws and regulations, are some of the major and underlying causes of deforestation and forests fires. q. Promoting better understanding of the contribution of non-timber forest products and environmental services to the sustainable management of tropical forests with the aim of enhancing the capacity of members to develop strategies to strengthen such contributions in the context of sustainable forest management, and cooperating with relevant institutions and processes to this end; An important part of the project strategy is capacity building of public sector and civil society institutions, as this will be a necessary and crucial foundation for sustainable forest management, reducing the rate of deforestation and forest fires. Importantly in this respect, the Forest Fire Prevention and Fighting Plan to be implemented with this project, is a result of the participatory discussion process in which different Oxapampa province stakeholders were involved. r. Encouraging members to recognize the role of forest-dependent indigenous and local communities in achieving sustainable forest management and develop strategies to enhance the capacity of these communities to sustainably manage tropical timber producing forests; The project takes very much into account the involvement of civil society and particularly native communities, key elements in the fight against illegal logging and forest burning. Forest Management ITTO defines Forest Management as the process of managing forests to achieve one or more clearly specified objectives of management with regard to the production of a continuous flow of desired forest products and services without undue reduction of its inherent values and future productivity and without undue undesirable effects on the physical and social environment. This means that forest-related activities should not damage the forest to the extent that its capacity to deliver products and services such as timber, water and biodiversity conservation is significantly reduced. Forest 10

11 management should also aim to balance the needs of different forest users so that its benefits and costs are shared equitably. Forest Fires, whether accidental or caused by humans, are the primary cause of forest and biodiversity degradation, significantly reducing their capacity to produce timber, non-timber products and environmental services. Climate change The project is also highly relevant to the climate change problem and is fully consistent with ITTO's position on this matter, as indicated in the REDDES Thematic Programme which acknowledges that forest logging and forest fires are major greenhouse gas emitters. Various ITTO organized or promoted fora and workshops have studied this subject in depth and in every case have reached the conclusion that global warming is caused, at least partly, by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. This phenomenon and its impact on global climate, is what is called anthropogenic climate change or global warming. A major part of CO2 build-up in the atmosphere over the last two centuries has been due to industrialisation and land use change processes, particularly deforestation and forest fires (burning). 17.5% of global GHG emissions are due to the loss of forests. The project bases its strategy on the active involvement of civil society, including rural associations, indigenous communities, public institutions and especially school age children as the future promoters of forest and environment conservation; in this respect, ITTO launched the Children's Environmental Education Program (CEEP), to focus on tropical forest conservation as one of the most important aspects to be taken into consideration when dealing with environmental problems, many of which are the consequence of an emphasis on development at the expense of the natural environment. Children's education on the importance of forests may be an efficient way of pursuing a balance between environment and development 2. Forest governance and REDD According to the results of several events technical meetings, fora and workshops organized by ITTO, deforestation and forest degradation are the second largest cause of global warming (after fossil fuels) and, in many tropical countries, they are the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and ITTO's Bali Action Plan proposals have been developed to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD)4 in the context of a post climate change scheme. Such proposals involve significant compensation mechanisms to promote REDD: according to some estimates, up to US$ 20 billion a year could be invested in the forest sector through REDD. ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests The project has taken into consideration ITTO's fire management guidelines, including the initial statement: Tropical rainforests can be severely affected by fire. Shortening of shifting cultivation cycles and the increasing occurrence of escaping land-use fires into tropical rain forests cause high ecological damage by reducing biodiversity. Fire-induced loss of soil cover negatively affects hydrological regimes and soil properties, leading to severe erosion and loss of productive topsoil. High economic losses are caused by damaging valuable timber and non-timber resources, natural regeneration, and planted forests. In this context the project is consistent with all the relevant principles and actions recommended, such as: a. Identify local communities, concession holders, timber companies, contractors, conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), women's groups, and other voluntary organizations to assess their interest and capacity to forge partnerships with government authorities in fire management programs. b. Establish, and effectively staff and fund, a decentralized national agency, or strengthen an existing institution responsible for the establishment and implementation of an effective fire policy. 2 E. Ze Meka: They are still young, but they will be tomorrow's leaders. They must start now to take on that leadership and to accept responsibility if they want a better life in the future. Caring for nature will give them the means needed to build that better future. They can easily learn the steps and actions that will be needed in that process and the Children's Environmental Education Program of ITTO will contribute to this effort. 11

12 c. In a national system for fire management, the protection of conservation areas should be considered a priority. d. Develop fire protection plans for forest lands with high conservation values. e. Provide adequate resources for fire management planning at different levels of fire activity. f. Develop fire management plans which include a clear statement of objectives; and incorporate information on land tenure, assets threatened, degree of fire risk, fire history, and fire management measures. g. Promote the active participation of concession holders, timber companies, contractors, local communities, and all other voluntary organizations, particularly non-governmental and women's groups. Their participation needs to be based on their abilities which could be enhanced through training in fire management; and on providing appropriate equipment and incentives whenever feasible Relevance to the submitting country s policies The project has been developed in the context of the Forest and Wildlife Law (Law 27308) and its Regulations (DS AG). This project aims to contribute to enhanced inter-sectoral coordination, to civil society organization, to capacity building of local communities and to the mitigation of the effects of climate change through forest fire prevention and control activities that will help reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It is therefore compatible with national environmental and forest resource policies. The table below summarizes the relevance of the project to the country's policies: LEGAL STANDARD United Nations Millennium Declaration United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PROJECT The United Nations Millennium Development Goals adopted by 189 of 193 member countries in 2000, include 'ensuring environmental sustainability' (goal number 7) The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change calls for the 'Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases', calling on countries to monitor and understand the principal factors impacting on the carbon exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere. The aim of the Convention is the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. Thus, the CBD provides a reference framework to counteract the negative impacts of forest fires: - Strive for a reliable and operational system to monitor forest fires at the national, regional and global levels, to facilitate improved strategies (Articles 5, 7, 17 and 18). - Protect forest fire vulnerable and conservation critical ecosystems nationally and globally, as high biodiversity centres and protected areas (Article 8). - Promote environmentally sound and sustainable forest management, including harmonious expansion of plantations, elimination of illegal logging, and improved forest logging practices to reduce organic waste and therefore minimizing undesirable fires (Articles 11 and 12). - Rehabilitate and restore degraded areas or areas that have been affected by fire (Articles 8 and 10). - Identify fire processes and impacts on vulnerable and globally significant ecosystems including tropical and boreal wetlands and tropical forests (Article 7). - Train, educate and improve public awareness in communities where fire management is a problem (Articles 12 and 13). - Improve and facilitate information sharing on the impact and contribution of forest fires to climate change (Articles 5 and 17). National Constitution The Constitution provides the national environmental policy, promoting the use of 12

13 (31 October 1993) natural resources, affirming the Government commitment to the development of potential mechanisms to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of its biological diversity. National Climate Change Strategy 3 Law on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity (Law 26839). Forest and Wildlife Law (Law 27308) and its amendments Principle 13 of the Strategy stipulates as follows: To reduce deforestation by striving to control shifting agriculture and unplanned human settlements in unsuitable forest areas that may lead to changes in land use. Furthermore, the Constitution mentions Management of fragile ecosystems, especially mountain ecosystems for mitigation of the vulnerability to climate change. This law regulates the general framework for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It includes provisions on planning, inventory and follow-up, conservation mechanisms, rural and indigenous communities and scientific and technological research. The Forest Law aims to regulate sustainable logging and conservation of forests and forest lands for the benefit of present and future generations, with a view to harmonizing national social, economic and ecologic interests. Article 4 mentions that the Ministry of Agriculture adopts the National Forest Development Plan, which provides the priorities, operational programmes and projects to be implemented, the National Deforestation Prevention and Control Plan, the National Reforestation Plan and the National Forest Fire Prevention and Control System and land use management at INRENA's proposal, with the involvement of the private sector. To date the National Forest Fire Prevention and Control System has not been implemented. Additionally, Article 27, paragraph 2 prohibits burning forests and other forest formations over the entire national territory, except where specifically authorized by INRENA. The Regulations of this Law indicate that the National Forest Fire and Forest Pest Prevention and Control Plan defines the responsibilities and roles of each member of the National Forest Fire Prevention and Control System in its different phases: diagnosis; strategies and coordination mechanisms; prevention, control and monitoring systems; education and communication; training of fire fighters; evaluation of damage; replacement and restoration; and research and finance. General Environment Law, Law (23 June 2005) Article XI: The development and enforcement of public environmental policies is governed by the environmental governance principle that strives for consistent policies, institutions, standards and procedures, to enable effective and integrated public and private stakeholder involvement in decision making, and conflict management, based on clearly defined responsibilities, legal certainty and transparency. 3The National Climate Change Strategy is currently under restructuring by the General Bureau for Climate change, Desertification and Water of MINAM. 13

14 National Environmental Policy This sets the outline of public policy provided by Law 29158, the Organic Executive Power Law and the provisions of Law 28611, General Environment Law. The General objective of the National Environmental Policy is to enhance the population's living standards, ensuring the existence of healthy, viable and functional ecosystems in the long term, and the country's sustainable development through prevention, protection and recovery of the environment and its resources, conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, with a sense of responsibility and consistent with respect for fundamental human rights. Furthermore, the National Environmental Policy consists of 5 Policy streams, including Policy Stream 1: Conservation and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources and Biodiversity, which under item 6 Forests states the following: a) To promote sustainable and integrated forest management, taking into consideration the ecosystem characteristics of each natural region in the country. b) To prevent the reduction and degradation of forests and their resources, caused by illegal logging, burning, trade and change of land use. c) To conserve and increase forest cover and, as a consequence, conserve and increase biodiversity and environmental services, enhancing production capacity of the ecosystem. d) To prioritize integrated use of forest resources, providing support to initiatives related to timber and non-timber resources, wildlife and environmental services. e) To promote reforestation in degraded areas with native timber species, those that have the best potential to provide environmental services and others with economic potential that may contribute to development, promoting public and private investment. f) To strengthen and incorporate community and citizen monitoring mechanisms in the strategies to monitor and control forest rights. g) To implement actions to prevent deforestation of natural forests and the use of exotic invasive species to reforest such areas, promoting reforestation with native species. Law N Organic Law on Sustainable Use of Natural Resources National State Protected Natural Area System SINANPE This Law pursues the promotion and regulation of sustainable use of natural renewable and non-renewable resources, by providing a suitable framework for investments, striving for a dynamic balance between economic growth, conservation of natural resources and the environment, and integrated human development. Created by Supreme Decree AG, it includes physical and social components. The physical component includes natural protected areas including biotic and abiotic elements. The social component consists of local, regional and national stakeholders, including the members of the central administration, regional and local governments, non-governmental organizations, and grassroots organizations, national and international technical and financial donors, directly or indirectly connected with the management of the area. The purpose of SINANPE is to enhance the country's sustainable development through the conservation of a representative sample of biological diversity, implementing efficient management in natural protected areas, ensuring that their environmental, social and economic benefits reach the local, regional and national population (Outline Plan for Natural Protected Areas, 1999). Organic Regional Governments Law (Law 27867) In its sections 9 and 10, this Law provides Regional Governments with constitutional, exclusive and shared competences related to the environment, with a view to promoting and regulating activities or services in the environmental sector. It also provides exclusive competences to promote the sustainable use of forest resources and biodiversity, as well as shared competences for sustained management of natural resources, enhancement of environmental quality and preservation and administration of regional protected natural reserves and areas. Article 61 of the Law provides that the Regions shall have specific roles in civil defence: To develop, adopt, implement, lead, control and manage civil defence 14

15 policies consistent with the general policy of the government and sector plans. Regarding the hierarchy and leadership, the Law provides in paragraph b) To lead the Regional Civil Defence System. Furthermore, paragraph c) provides: To organize and implement disaster prevention actions and to provide direct and immediate assistance to the victims, to rehabilitate affected communities. Regional Cooperative Development Plan of the Pasco region Institutional Strategic Plan for the Pasco region The strategic objective of the Plan is "Agricultural, forest and fish farming development in the region, with a view to promoting economic and social growth for the rural population ; its specific objectives related to the environment refer to the following: - To preserve natural areas, flora, fauna and water resources. - Land management and environmentally sound use. - Development and implementation of a participatory regional forest development plan. Its strategic objective "To achieve environmental conservation and the sound use of natural resources, promoting social environmental responsibility, and the incorporation of clean technologies, and stopping and reversing destructive processes Plan provides the following specific objectives: To encourage an environmental culture in the population, promoting appropriate natural resource management and use for improved quality of life within a sustainable development approach and To acknowledge and preserve traditional knowledge and indigenous culture, regulating for its protection and registration, and for access and distribution of the benefits of inherited resources. While in its strategic objective To protect the population in the face of natural disasters and other threats to society it provides the specific objective To create a culture of prevention and control of risks and vulnerabilities to disasters, providing the resources needed for prevention and reconstruction. Law that states that the protection, preservation or reforestation of natural grasslands and existing trees in the country are a public need and in the national interest (Law 25268) Supreme Decree No AG Law Law on the Promotion of Private Investment in Reforestation and Agroforestry Law 26839, Organic Law on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity Law on Eco- Crime (2 October 2008) This law was passed in June 1990 and it provides the obligatory protection of natural grasslands and forests because they are in the national interest. It declares reforestation in lands mostly suitable for forestry and protection areas as a matter of national interest. Article 1 Promotion of private investment in reforestation and agroforestry This Law regulates the conservation of biological diversity and its sustainable use consistent with Sections 66 and 68 of the Constitution of Peru. It provides the immunity of natural areas protected by the Forest and Wildlife Law. This Law modifies and increases the severity of crimes related to illegal logging, forest degradation and deforestation, except for traditional practices implemented by ancestral peoples. 15

16 Additionally, the following are noteworthy: Law approved the new Forest and Wildlife Law which is still being regulated with a view to ulterior entry into force. This Law mentions the development of a National Forest Plan that provides forest fire prevention and control; it is clear then, that this is still an important subject in Peruvian legislation. The details of this plan will be provided in the regulations being drafted. Furthermore, this Law mentions the creation of the National Forest and Wildlife Service (SERFOR), the maximum forest authority of the National Forest and Wildlife Management System. It also provides Regional Forest and Wildlife Authorities that are in charge of the management and administration of the forest heritage in the regions. 1.3 Target area Geographic location The direct target area of the project is concentrated around 5 districts in the province of Oxapampa, Department of Pasco. This department is situated in the eastern part of the Peruvian Andes, in the centre of the national territory, and it covers an Andean zone and an Amazon forest zone (province of Oxapampa) which includes the high and middle basins of the Pichis and Palcazu rivers. Its geographic coordinates are: to south and to west. It borders with other regions: in the North with Huánuco, in the East with Ucayali, in the South with Junín and in the West with Lima. The average temperature in the hills ranges between 8 C and 15 C and in the forest between 15 C and 30 C. According to INEI data, the Department of Pasco has a total area of approximately 2.5 million hectares, of which some 1.4 million hectares are forests. Furthermore, it has close to 300,000 hectares of deforested lands, or 4.21% of the total deforested area of the country, and 20% of the department, according to information on the 2000 Deforestation Map of the Peruvian Amazon Region (PROCLIM 2005); of these areas, most have been subjected to land use changes and recent plantings. There are no significant afforestation and/or reforestation projects and, in any case, most reforestation projects use exotic species such as pine, cypress, eucalyptus, and others. It is also estimated that a total 10,000 hectares are slashed and burnt each year in the province of Pasco, which is the equivalent of 4.0 million tons of biomass, which in turn is equivalent to 2.0 million tons of C0 2 released into the atmosphere each year. In this respect, the project is highly relevant to the climate change issue, and controlling burning and fires will make a concrete contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Pasco has one of the four Peruvian Biosphere Reserves recognized by UNESCO: The Oxapampa Asháninka Yánesha Biosphere Reserve (RBOAY). This Reserve is part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, with 569 reserves in 109 countries. The Oxapampa Asháninka Yánesha Biosphere Reserve (RBOAY) covers more than 1.8 million hectares and includes the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park, the Yánesha Community Reserve, the San Matías San Carlos Protection Forest and part of the El Sira Community Reserve, four of the six Natural Protected Areas in the Department of Pasco (see Table 6). It also includes Yánesha and Asháninka ethnic community lands and forests, as well as Andean and Austrian-German descendant settler agricultural units. The Department of Pasco is the third Department for NPA area, with 25.5% of its departmental area. The province of Oxapampa has the most significant forest cover and biodiversity importance in the Pasco Department (98% of the forests) and in the entire central forest. There is intense forest activity and presence in Natural Protected Areas (NPA); however, the NPAs are under significant pressure from the activity of the population living in the area, causing deforestation problems associated with forest burning and fires that reduce biological diversity in the area. Therefore there is an urgent need for a forest fire prevention and control strategy and programme. As a result, the project will focus mostly on this province in the 5 districts with the highest impact of heat spots, in the buffer zones and forest areas outside the NPAs, because these are the most vulnerable to deforestation and degradation. 16

17 Table 2: Natural Protected Areas in the Department of Pasco Area Natural Protected Area Department Location within Department of Pasco (hectares) Yanachaga Chemillen National Province of Oxapampa: Districts of Oxapampa, 122,000 Pasco Park Huancabamba, Pozuzo, Villa Rica and Palcazu Huayllay National Sanctuary 6,815 Pasco Province of Pasco: District of Huayllay. Junín and Province of Pasco: Districts of Ninacaca and Lago Junín National Reserve 53,000 Pasco Vicco. Yanesha Community Reserve 34, Pasco Province of Oxapampa: Distrito of Palcazu Huánuco, Province of Oxapampa: Distrito of Puerto El Sira Community Reserve 616, Pasco and Bermúdez Ucayali San Matías San Carlos Protection Forest 145,818 Pasco Source: SERNANP; Prepared by: ProNaturaleza Province of Oxapampa: Districts of Puerto Bermúdez and Villa Rica, Palcazu and Constitución The target area of this project has been defined on the basis of the incidence and frequency of forest fires in the region as well as references to their impact; it is focused on the districts of Oxapampa, Chontabamba and Huancabamba, in the province of Oxapampa Social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects Social aspects Pasco is an emblematic region in Peru because of the high concentration of native communities, and because of the high number of migration waves continually arriving in the region, both from the Andes and from abroad, as is the case of the Austrian-German colony that settled in the province of Oxapampa over a century ago, developing its own culture and techniques for land use, forest logging, livestock farming and other activities that are still ongoing today. It is also the region where forest timber production began at the microenterprise level, established precisely by the Austrian-German settlers, and where novel forest logging methods were developed to obtain timber for Lima. The participatory approach of the project promotes the involvement of local representative organizations, with decision making based in society. The following population data (Statistical Compendium, INEI 2009) apply to the Pasco region: The total population in the Pasco region is 290,275, while the 2007 census reported 280,449 inhabitants. The population growth rate is 1.5%. 62% of the population lives in rural areas. The poverty index is 63.4%, with 31.5% of the population in extreme poverty. Furthermore, considering that a large percentage of the rural population is in a highly vulnerable position with respect to climate hazards (PACC, 2008), there is an urgent need to design and implement initiatives to adapt and mitigate the negative impact of climate change with a view to reducing such vulnerability or the threat of future deforestation and burning of forests. Socially, the project will have the following positive impacts: Warning and preparing the population about the dangers and consequences of forest fires, particularly those related to slash and burn practices for land-use changes. Enhanced inter-sectoral coordination through the implementation of a forest fire prevention and control system that articulates the different State and civil society stakeholders in the region. Development of annual work plans to ensure monitoring and follow-up of the activities in the Deforestation Prevention and Control Plan, with the participation and cooperation of native communities and farmers settled in the project s area of influence. Implementation of operational fire fighting units, with the participation of organized civil society groups. Enhanced capacity of the regional Pasco government, the Pasco fire fighting force and local 17

18 grassroots organizations for activities promoting forest fire prevention and control with a view to forest conservation; Enhanced capacity of native and rural communities in the area of the project, regarding the ban on forest land burnings as well as forest fire prevention and control; Improved living standards for the local communities through their involvement in sustainable use of their natural resources, so as to provide a concrete and viable alternative to the traditional practices of natural forest slashing and burning. Reduction of forest vulnerability to human activities and climate risks. According to the Forest and Wildlife Law (Law 27308) Regulations, the National Forest Fire and Pest Prevention and Control System includes: a. INRENA, Coordinator (currently General Forest and Wildlife Directorate); b. Ministry of Education; c. Ministry of Internal Affairs; d. Ministry of Defence; e. National Agriculture Research Institute - INIA; f. National Agricultural Health Service - SENASA; g. National Civil Defence Institute; h. General Fire Fighting Force; i. Regional Agricultural Directorates and Special Projects; j. Provisional Councils for Regional Administration; k. Local governments; l. Forest Management Committees; and m. Organized population Cultural Aspects In the Pasco rainforest region, especially the province of Oxapampa, the population consists mainly of Andean and European (Austrian, German and Yugoslav) settlers and native Yánesha and Asháninka peoples in close to 100 native communities, with an approximate area of 462,000 hectares (INEI, 2009). Ecotourism and recreational tourism have become major income earners in recent years, because of the easy access from the capital, the beautiful scenery (Yanachaga Chemillén National Park, El Sira Range), the climate and particularly the attraction of a visit to native communities that still practise their traditional ancestral customs (Asháninkas and Yáneshas); the architecture and customs of the Austrian-German settler population in the district of Pozuzo, that also still maintain their own cultural customs amidst the tropical forest. Fig. No 2 Cloud forest and wildlife Fig. No. 3 Typical rainforest landscape in the eastern range, Oxapampa Economic aspects All project activities aim to reduce forest degradation and promote forest conservation through the articulated coordination of the different regional and local authorities and with the involvement of civil society, enhancing their capacities and designing action plans. This process will bring economic benefits that are not quantifiable yet; however, their quantification will depend on a set of factors to be assessed by the project, as well as the forest areas that can be conserved by implementing the project. Pasco is one of the two regions where the per capita GDP actually dropped in , by 5.4%; nonetheless, the per capita GDP in this region was very close to the national average in Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy in the province of Oxapampa, followed by other primary industry 18

19 sectors including: livestock farming and the forest industry. The strong emergence of this activity began in the eighties; until then agriculture to generate trade surpluses, was limited to crops of which the most important included: coffee, citrus, banana, and avocados, while the rest of the crops were meant for domestic consumption. In periods prior to Peru s Land Reform (1970), large areas of land were sold or granted under concession to major foreign companies, both English and North-American, including large areas that belonged to native communities, which from 1970 onwards were reverted to the communities or to the agrarian cooperatives that were established to administer large land areas for the growing of coffee and citrus and other fruit trees. Currently, the Department of Pasco is the country s major producer of high quality organic coffee, having penetrated important export markets in Europe and the USA. Coffee is also the main economic product of this region, providing job opportunities and reasonable income levels for small farmers and field workers. The slashing and burning of forests for farming, apart from destroying or degrading large forest land areas, generates huge economic losses due to the undercapitalization of the forest, the degradation and erosion of soils and, at the same time, the emission of large volumes of GHGs. Although Oxapampa is characterized as an area with an extremely high percentage of deforested lands (more than 50% of the original forested area), it is at the same time implementing reforestation initiatives (still only in relatively small areas compared to the total deforested area), particularly with exotic species such as eucalyptus and pine (P.Caribaea) as well as pink cedar (Acrocarpus fraxinifolius). At present, forest management activities are minimum and indeed almost non-existing; however agricultural and cattle ranching activities are growing fast, including in the Pichis and Palcazú valleys where forest resources are found at increasingly greater distances from rivers and roads Environmental aspects The project will help prevent forest fires and slashing and burning of forests for land-use changes, and conserve the RBOAY whose biodiversity is very significant; there is no risk of major negative impacts, on the contrary, the proposed activities promote the conservation of forests and their biodiversity, the maintenance of forest ecosystem services, the restoration of degraded areas, inter-sectoral coordination, and the involvement of local communities, especially native and rural communities. Greenhouse gas emissions (CO 2 ) resulting from burning forests and forest fires, are estimated at nearly 2.0 million tonnes each year; the objective of the project is to reduce this amount by at least 25%, that is to say 0.5 million tonnes per year by the end of the project ( ), with an expectation that this reduction is close to more than 50% by High altitude Amazon forest ecosystems and vegetation are characterized by their heterogeneity and biodiversity, not only at the national level but also worldwide; as a result, a considerable area is classed as Protected Natural Areas. The project strategy is based on a participatory approach for conservation activities of forest resources and wildlife, ensuring that environmental impacts resulting from the project will always be positive. Environmental impacts will be checked by field indicators that will allow ongoing monitoring and evaluation of environmental conditions. In accordance with the guidelines to determine the environmental impact of projects, of the ITTO Manual for Project Formulation, this proposal will lead to the following environmental benefits: Promote the interdiction to land use changes; Help maintain the potential stock of forest products; Help maintain genetic material stocks; Maintain biological richness and diversity; Allow improved knowledge of damage caused by poor forest management; Promote the restoration of degraded forest areas ; Help capacity building of regional and local authorities to implement forest fire prevention and control actions; 19

20 Promote the involvement of native and rural communities; Maintain ecosystem services provided by forests. 1.4 Expected outcomes at project completion In general the project will help raise the living standards of the population in its target area. Based on the outputs of the project, the following will be the situation at project completion: A provincial forest fire prevention and control system will have been established in coordination with regional and local authorities and with the active participation of indigenous peoples. A Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan will be operating at the provincial level with the active participation of the different regional and local authorities and indigenous peoples. There will be a fire monitoring centre providing timely and reliable information for forest fire prevention and control. Furthermore, it is expected that as part of the implementation of activities in each outcome planned by the project, the following will be the situation in the target area at the end of the project: Strategies for the implementation of the regional forest fire prevention and control plan will be known and disseminated; Regional and local authorities have gained an awareness of the damage caused by forest fires and are able to coordinate in an articulated manner in order to conserve forests in the area; The guidelines have been defined for the restoration of areas degraded by forest fires, including the reduction of deforestation and forest degradation; Native and rural communities and the local population are involved in, committed to and implementing forest fire prevention and control activities. 20

21 PART 2. PROJECT RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES 2.1 Rationale Institutional set-up and organizational issues The Regional Government is the central policy and administration instance and is directly responsible for managing resources allocated to it by the Central Government; such resources must be budgeted to cover the annual service development and maintenance for the population. The implementation of activities in the district development plans requires external funding other than the regular budget, so the regional government must be approached for resources. The regional government grants financial resources according to regional interest and priorities as well as project priority and collective and participatory negotiation among all the regional districts (participatory budget). Local Governments are basic bodies in the State's land organization; they are the immediate channel for community involvement in public affairs; they formalize and manage autonomously the interests of their relevant communities; the essential local government elements include land, population and organization. Provincial and District Councils are the government bodies that promote local development; they have legal capacity as well as full capacity to fulfill their obligations. Local governments have political, economic and administrative autonomy in affairs within their competence. In the agricultural sector, the General Forest and Wildlife Directorate is the national authority and responsible for promoting and developing national forest policy for sustainable management of forest and wildlife resources; it has decentralized offices (ATFFS) that exercise regional authority in various regions in the country provided their role has not been transferred as is the case of the Regional Government of Pasco whose forest-related roles are the responsibility of the Selva Central ATFFS. The General Fire Fighting Force of Peru is the competent authority in the field of prevention, control and fighting fires; it also attends to motor vehicle accidents and medical emergencies, and rescue of people in danger. It provides volunteer services to the community through a vocation of service, social sensitivity, dedication and discipline. Its objectives include preventing, protecting and providing support to the population in case of fires and natural or man-made emergencies throughout the country. The National Civil Defence Institute INDECI is an operations public agency that uses the National System for Disaster Risk Management SINAGERD, a synergic, decentralized, cross-cutting and participatory inter-institutional system that identifies and reduces the risks associated with dangers, or minimises their impact; it also prevents the emergence of new risks, prepares and raises awareness in the face of disasters, using principles, policy guidelines, components, processes and instruments for Disaster Risk Management. INDECI is the technical body responsible for coordinating, facilitating and supervising the development and implementation of the National Policy and National Plan for Disaster Risk Management, in preparedness, response and rehabilitation processes. Non-governmental organizations and their programmes have an important role, considering the large vacuums in public administration in certain fields. Many of these organizations specialize in certain fields, as is the case for ProNaturaleza- Peruvian Foundation for the Conservation of Nature, a national private, notfor-profit organization founded in Its Mission is to promote and implement the actions needed to ensure the conservation of nature in the country, through the maintenance of biological diversity, sustainable use of species and ecosystems, and the development of a pro-conservation culture in the national population. To achieve its mission ProNaturaleza implements projects funded by international and national donors, from both the public and the private sectors. 21

22 More specifically in the field of this project, other projects are currently in progress, including: Name of the project Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation through Protected areas in the Amazon Region MACC Selva Central Source of funding Federal Ministry of the Environment, Protection of Nature and Nuclear Security (BMU) of Germany Purpose of the project To contribute to preventing greenhouse gas emissions and to stop the loss of biodiversity, resulting from the accelerated deforestation processes in the high Amazon region of Peru, using participatory management of NPAs and their buffer zones with an integrated conservation and development approach. Improved production and marketing of organic cocoa and annatto tree in the Buffer Zone of the Yanesha Community Reserve in Pasco Biodiversity and Climate Change project in the El Sira Community Reserve Fondo de las Américas Peru Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit - German Cooperation for Development (GIZ) GmbH Building capacities in the Yanesha communities in the buffer zone of the Yanesha Community Reserve for the production and marketing of organic cocoa and annatto tree derived from agro-forestry systems. Provide advice and support to the State National Natural Protected Area Service (SERNANP), the Ministry of the Environment (MINAM) and ECOSIRA on biodiversity conservation and protection of the climate in the Reserve and its buffer zone. National Programme for Forest Conservation with a view to Climate Change Mitigation (Forests Programme) Peru The Forests Programme uses an articulation strategy to establish synergies and join efforts with government sectors and levels committed to the sustainable management of forests in Peru. One of the main strategies includes Financial subsidies for forest conservation or Cash Transfers only for Native and Rural Communities that decide, voluntarily, to access this benefit by way of support for the conservation of their community forests (conservation in use). Unfortunately, many of these projects and programmes related with the management of natural resources are operating independently and not in an articulated manner; and in many cases there may be redundancies of projects on the same theme or even in the same geographical area. Furthermore, there is no regional monitoring system to measure the actual impact of implementing programme and project actions Stakeholder analysis The project will directly benefit regional and local authorities, as well as local (native and rural) communities in the target area of the project. At the national scale, the project will benefit competent bodies in the conservation and environment fields, through strengthened existing and future legal mechanisms, to promote conservation activities through incentives to reduce deforestation and forest degradation. Additionally, it will develop concrete CES mechanisms. In a general sense, the project will also benefit the population of the world, since its activities will help mitigate the negative impact of climate change at the global level. The outcomes of the project will be used by project beneficiaries and by the entire local, regional, national and international community with an interest in launching similar initiatives. The contribution of the FAO Facility project has helped ProNaturaleza organize several consultation meetings and workshops in the province of Oxapampa, Department of Pasco, with the involvement of major stakeholders associated with management, forest conservation, and forest fire prevention and control, such as native communities, farmer associations, small farmers and landowners as well as local authorities, as listed in the workshop reports summarized in Annex 6 of this document. 22

23 The outcomes and conclusions of one of these workshops are transcribed below: Outcomes of the Design of the Fire Prevention and Control Plan During the workshop the participants made several significant contributions. These included the comment that the best way to disseminate the subject of appropriate fire management and prevention was through extension work in farms with local rural communities. Environmental awareness could also be increased through school children, taking advantage of classrooms to also include parents in the programme. Regarding burning requests and permits, it was suggested that a simple form for the burn plan could be prepared for the farmer to complete fill in easily and to submit to the technical forest Administration without difficulty. Also to identify community leaders or local managers so they could be trained and included in the work to replicate the subject in their communities. There must be a trained and well equipped civil defence team and volunteer fire fighters to provide support in case of fires, such as community brigades. The need to generate a baseline map of forest fires in the province of Oxapampa, based on the history of fires and burning. In this sense, Mr. Ricardo Villar of Empresa Reforestadora Villar, mentioned that the Alto Bocas area in Villa Rica has a history of fires that should be investigated with a view to being included in the Fire Plan scope area. Furthermore, Mr. Freddy Tueros, Technical Forest Administrator in Oxapampa (ATTFS) mentioned that there are forest burning activities associated with the illegal coca leaf cultivation, and that information should be obtained from SERNANP and DEVIDA, institutions that have flown over the area together to prepare maps of the coca growing areas. The participants suggested that farmers and the urban population in general should be made aware of the dangers associated with burning and fires and the damage and destruction they can bring, since the only economic benefit that the farmer sees in burning is that he is saving wages. The participants suggested that the subjects to be examined should include the impacts associated with climate change, water system, loss of biodiversity, drop in tourism, negative health impact (respiratory tract and psychological impact on children), reduction of agricultural yields linked to the loss of productivity of the soil as a result of excessive burning. In this sense, the general opinion was that the Fire Plan should quantify the economic benefits of not burning. 23

24 Stakeholder analysis Stakeholder Group Regional government Local governments Characteristics Organizations in the regional administration structure of the State. Organizations in the district administration structure of the State in smaller townships. Problems, needs, Potential interests PRIMARY USERS / BENEFICIARIES Interest in integrated Forest control, development of the Implementation of population. environmental law, regional leadership in forest Insufficient resources to handle and manage community activities, initiatives and proposals. management activities. Spokesperson and manager of community initiatives, Local leadership role in forest management activities. Involvement in the project Major stakeholders for continuity of the project Major stakeholders in formalising commitments with the community Benefits Fire prevention and control plan; operational units. Operational fire control units. Firefighter Force of Peru INDECI: National Civil Defence Institute Farmers The Firefighter Force is exclusively made up of volunteers, and this is the case throughout the country A State agency in charge of supervising the safety of the population and of preventing and controlling natural disasters Individual farmers with subsistence level crops and small market margins The State provides resources, infrastructure and hardware for the devoted work of the volunteers, but this is far from being sufficient for all their needs Little presence in provinces and generally very few resources Reduction of environmental goods and services from the forest, Lack of training and the means to improve their activities. Very large potential, many young people want to become fire-fighters, but there are not enough resources The inter-institutional system for forest fire prevention and control could significantly increase its current capacity Great interest in advancing, great working capacity and interest in the project, Great organizing potential. Require training in forest fires, but their involvement is indispensable INDECI is a foremost agency in the forest fire prevention and control system Primary project beneficiaries 3 operational units, equipment and trained personnel. Forest fire prevention, control and monitoring plan. Regulations and protocols for prevention, control and sanctions. Alternative land use activities; improvement of agricultural and cattle-ranching productivity. 24

25 Stakeholder Group Rural Communities NGOs Forest and Environmental Authority Forest and Wildlife General Directorate Ministry of Agriculture SERNANP Ministry of the Environment Characteristics Traditional community organization grouping all farmers. Organizations that support social, environmental and economic programmes. Limited scope at the smaller township and district scale. National Forest and Wildlife Authority National Protected Natural Area Authority Problems, needs, interests Lack of planning tools and economic alternatives for sustainable use of natural resources and land, with initiatives and interest in enhancing environmental conditions and socioeconomic development in the local community SECONDARY USERS / BENEFICIARIES Lack of coordination among them and duplication of effort, often have their own agendas. No synergies among organizations. Lack of personnel and resources to satisfy population demand. Potential Solid and respected governance Partners in dialogue with higher echelons of government and international organizations Technical aid and support for dialogue with other State organizations. TERTIARY USERS / BENEFICIARIES Available resources are Technical aid and support for insufficient to cover the dialogue with other State needs of the forest sector organizations. and conservation of natural resources Available resources are insufficient to cover the needs of the forest sector and conservation of natural resources Recognized environmental technical capacity and policy. Involvement in the project Main players in project management and leaders in the involvement of the members of their communities Secondary beneficiaries, particularly for the information generated and disseminated by the project Supervision of, and support to project management. Supervision of, and support to project management. Contribution to national implementation of REDD and readiness, Benefits Organization, education and training for the prevention and control of forest fires. Participation in the formulation and implementation of the local and regional prevention and control plans Reduction of deforestation caused by forest fires; joint initiatives with local and regional authorities. Reduction of deforestation caused by forest fires; joint initiatives with local and regional authorities. Better protection of NPAs. 25

26 2.1.3 Problem Analysis Participants in the forest fire prevention and control workshops studied the causes or problems at the root of the forest burning and destruction and highlighted the following problems (summary): Participants provided information for the brainstorming that will lead to the problem tree of the project. Participants' ideas included: Inadequate logistics to act in an emergency. Not enough equipment to deal with forest fires Culturally, burning is part of producers' activities, so local governments do not prioritize it. Authorities tolerate burning because they are the usual custom. Local governments do not include prevention and control in their production projects. Environmental impact and risk management should be considered an item The need to have subsistence crops or alternative economic activities leads to burning Areas affected such as communities, do not have leaders with training in the subject, which should be a priority because of their remoteness Inadequate and limited operational capacity of the firefighter force Lack of management documents on forest fire control and prevention No articulation between institutions and the population No implementation of forest fire prevention mechanisms nationally or regionally. The National Prevention Plan is only a regulation and has not been implemented in practice No coordination between regional government and local government on fire matters Landowners are not trained in land use quality and characteristics Soil classification is not common knowledge among users, and the population does not know the effects of burning PROBLEM TREE Traditional farming on deforested lands is part of the culture and traditions of rural communities settled in the project s area of influence Stripping of natural resources and high rates of deforestation and forest fires Loss of biodiversity and increased greenhouse gas emissions Impoverishment of rural communities Uncontrolled forest slashing and burning Natural forest clearing to change land use (deforestation, forest fires) Poor land management systems and lack of coordination between the State and civil society No forest fire monitoring and control systems Lack of opportunities and alternatives for the sound use of forest resources Lack of knowledge on pastureland, crop and forest management techniques Poor forest management and governance systems Poor forest fire information and alert systems 26 Inadequate equipment Lack of trained personnel in forest fire prevention and control Insufficient budget and management resources

27 SOLUTIONS TREE Rural communities become aware of the importance of forests and stop forest burnings. Improved living standards and forest resource management among local populations Sustainable management of forest ecosystems, reduction of CO 2 emissions and other GHG Efficient operation of institutions in charge of forest fire prevention and control Conservation of forests and improved effectiveness of forest fire prevention and control Reduction of natural forest slash and burn practices Enhanced State and civil society intervention capacity Improved operation of institutions in charge of forest fire prevention and control Development of technical aid programmes to improve land use systems Development of alternative projects for economic benefits Implementation of information, training and education programmes for efficient use of forest resources Forest fire prevention and control Enhanced management capacity of associated institutions Improved equipment and materials for forest fire prevention and control Allocation of sufficient financial resources for forest fire prevention and control Appropriate budget management 27

28 OBJECTIVES TREE THERE IS AN OPERATING AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM FOR FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL, WITH ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND IMPROVED LIVING STANDARDS FOR THE POPULATION There is a regional forest fire prevention and control system There is a regional operational and effcient plan to fight forest fires There is a forest fire prevention and control monitoring module The regional system is structured and formally established A forest extension system is organized Operational protocols are developed for monitoring Inter institutional communication and coordination mechanisms are established and improved There is a training and extension programme for civil society and schools Physical facilities and qualified personnel are implemented Goals and priorities are set and regional and provincial plans are approved Operational fire control modules are organized and operational Monitoring and early alert plans are drafted 28

29 2.1.4 Logical framework matrix ELEMENTS OF THE PROJECT INDICATOR / DELIVERABLES MEANS OF VERIFICATION ASSUMPTION DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE Curb deforestation and forest ecosystem degradation through a significant reduction in forest slashing and burning so as to mitigate climate change and contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the population in the province of Oxapampa, Department of Pasco. By the end of the project the plan has been developed and is a reference model for public policies in Peru and their implementation in other regions of the country Ordinances, legal regulations Surveys, socio-economic studies Environmental studies. National statistics Reports The Government of Peru has a national forest policy aimed at sustainable forest development consistent with the project objective. Interest of the authorities and population in involvement in the project. Reduction of forest fire risks in the Department of Pasco. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: Implement a Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan in the province of Oxapampa, Department of Pasco. OUTPUT 1: A provincial forest fire prevention and control system has been established in coordination with regional and local authorities, and the active participation of indigenous communities By the end of the project, the number of forest fires in Oxapampa has dropped by 25% and there is awareness of the dangers of burning and the damages caused by forest fires to the rural population and ecosystems. By the end of the first year, key stakeholders have been identified in a participatory manner, and agreements and commitments have been concluded with local authorities and organizations to establish the provincial forest fire prevention and control system, including the development of regulations to define organization, functional and coordination arrangements for the adequate operation of the system in accordance with the terms of the Forestry Law and its regulations Regional ordinance Official reports, field visits Agreements, commitments with communities and local authorities and maps Minutes of agreements and commitments Workshop and community meeting reports Reports of field work Regional ordinance on the regional system Regional and local authorities promote forest fire prevention and control actions The local population is interested in being involved in project activities. Environmental conditions are favourable By the third year there are cooperation agreements with at least 2 neighbouring regions By the end of the project forest governance has improved in the region, 29

30 OUTPUT 2: A Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan is being implemented at the provincial level, with the involvement of the different regional and local authorities, and indigenous communities. OUTPUT 3: A fire monitoring centre with timely and reliable information for forest fire prevention and control has been implemented By the end of the third year a communication strategy has been developed and implemented, targeting indigenous communities, for forest fire prevention and control; there is a five-year work plan to implement the forest fire prevention and control plan including prevention and fire fighting actions. By the end of the project there has been a reduction of at least 25% in the impact of forest fires By the end of the second year, the project has raised awareness and trained the local authorities of 3 districts and leaders of 9 native communities, as well as teachers and students of 6 schools within the project s area of influence. By the end of the project there has been improvement in the capacity of the regional government, the firefighter force, the regional forest authority, 2 indigenous organizations, and 5 municipal councils, in the target area of the project and at least 100 leaders, women and children have been trained in forest fire prevention and control, in communities and grassroots organizations, and local and regional authorities in the target area of the project. By the end of the project 3 district fire control units have been implemented (Huancabamba, Chontabamba and Oxapampa). By year 3 the biophysical and socioeconomic baseline has been completed, and mapping has been done of the risk area for forest fire prevention and control. By the end of the second year there is a fire monitoring centre and an early alert system for forest fires established in the province of Oxapampa. Five forest fire observation and alert towers have been installed at strategic points in the project area. Reports Minutes Publications Technical manuals and guidelines Number of reforested hectares Bulletins/spots/audios Field checks Maps Surveys and statistics Technical reports Maps, documents Trained personnel Equipment Operational facilities and offices The State, investors and local communities accept and comply with the operation of the carbon based CES mechanism. 30

31 2.2 Objectives Development objective and impact indicators DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE Curb deforestation and forest ecosystem degradation through a significant reduction in forest slashing and burning so as to mitigate climate change and contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the population in the province of Oxapampa, Department of Pasco. Impact indicators Upon project completion, the loss of forest ecosystems caused by forest fires in the Province of Oxapampa has decreased Specific objective and outcome indicators SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: Implement a Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan in the Department of Pasco following the ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests. Outcome indicators: Upon project completion, Peru has implemented and validated a forest fire prevention and control experience that may be replicated as an effective strategy for sustainable forest management over the 68 million hectares of forests present in its national territory. 25

32 PART 3. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT INTERVENTIONS 3.1 Outputs and activities Outputs Output 1: A provincial forest fire prevention and control system has been established in coordination with regional and local authorities, and the active participation of indigenous communities By the end of the first year, key stakeholders have been identified in a participatory manner, and agreements and commitments have been concluded with local authorities and organizations to establish the provincial forest fire prevention and control system, including the development of regulations to define organization, functional and coordination arrangements for the adequate operation of the system in accordance with the terms of the Forestry Law and its regulations By the third year there are cooperation agreements with at least 2 neighbouring regions By the end of the project inter-sectoral coordination and forest governance have improved in the region. Output 2: A Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan is being implemented at the provincial level, with the involvement of the different regional and local authorities, and indigenous communities. By the end of the third year a communication strategy has been developed and implemented, targeting rural and native communities for forest fire prevention and control. There is a forest fire prevention and control plan including prevention and fire fighting actions, as well as responsibilities and functions of each member in each phase of the Provincial Forest Fire and Pest Prevention and Control System. There is a five-year work plan for the implementation of this system. At the start of the third year there is a proposal of guidelines for the rehabilitation of areas degraded by forest fires. By the end of the project there has been a reduction of at least 25% in the impact of forest fires. By the end of the second year, the project has raised awareness and trained the local authorities of 3 districts and leaders of 9 native communities, as well as teachers and students of 6 schools within the project s area of influence. By the end of the project there has been improvement in the capacity of the regional government, the firefighter force, the regional forest authority, 2 indigenous organizations, and 5 municipal councils, in the target area of the project and at least 100 leaders, women and children have been trained in forest fire prevention and control, in communities and grassroots organizations, and local and regional authorities in the target area of the project. By the end of the project 3 district fire control units have been implemented (Huancabamba, Chontabamba and Oxapampa). Output 3: A fire monitoring centre with timely and reliable information for forest fire prevention and control has been implemented By year 2 the biophysical and socioeconomic baseline has been completed, and mapping has been done of the risk area for forest fire prevention and control. By the middle of the third year there is a fire monitoring centre at the regional government and an early alert system for forest fires. Five forest fire observation and alert towers have been installed at strategic points in the project area. 26

33 3.1.2 Activities Output 1 Activity 1.1 Activity 1.2 Activity 1.3 Activity 1.4 Activity 1.5 Activity 1.6 Output 2: Activity 2.1 Activity 2.2 Activity 2.3 Activity 2.4 Activity 2.5 Activity 2.6 Activity 2.7 Activity 2.8 Activity 2.9 Output 3. Activity 3.1 Activity 3.2 Activity 3.3 A provincial forest fire prevention and control system has been established in coordination with regional and local authorities, and the active participation of indigenous communities Development of a communication and distribution plan, contacts, distribution of the programme and fast rural evaluation Identification of major stakeholders and beneficiaries of the system Development of protocols of agreements and commitments with local authorities and organizations Preparatory meetings with key stakeholders of the system Development of basic document of the regional system for forest fire prevention and control, and agreement proposals. Set up of system bodies A Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan is being implemented at the provincial level, with the involvement of the different regional and local authorities, and indigenous communities. Preparation, validation and approval of five-year plan Preparation of guidelines for rehabilitation of areas affected by forest fires Identification of needs, and demand for incentives and participatory design of incentives plan. Development and implementation of a communication and work strategy with native and rural communities. Preparation of socioeconomic baseline and maps of forest fire risks, and others. Evaluation of reduction of forest burning and fires and their impacts Selection and training of rural and native community leaders and extension workers and organization of volunteer brigades Installation of 3 operational district units to control forest fires in the districts of Chontabamba, Huancabamba and Oxapampa. Evaluation of forest governance to measure effectiveness of fire prevention and control plan A fire monitoring centre with timely and reliable information for forest fire prevention and control has been implemented Design of a monitoring centre and preparation of protocols, regulations and operating procedures manual for the centre and protocol of early alert Implementation of the centre and recruitment of qualified personnel Construction and equipping of five fire observation towers. 27

34 3.2 Implementation approaches and methods To ensure the successful achievement of the project objectives, both the approach and the methods implemented must provide for the following: Participatory approach: For activity implementation; in this sense, the following actions will apply: Enhancement of local organizations related to the danger of burning and forest fire prevention and control. Furthermore, community forest management and forest conservation will be promoted, including a participatory process for monitoring and evaluation; in this respect, Participatory Rural Evaluation techniques or similar strategies will be used, and participatory consultations will be organized with a view to distribution and mainstreaming of the information. Multi-disciplinary approach: the project will work with a multi-disciplinary professional team, with forest fire, as well as forest, economic, social and communication expertise. Building of synergies: Synergies will be established with local and regional institutions to enhance forest fire prevention and control actions and prevent effort duplication. Furthermore, synergies will be established with neighbouring regional governments where fires are so large that they go beyond regional boundaries. Local capacity building: Community leaders and children will be selected and trained, and local personnel will be involved in field work and activities. Training provided will focus on forest fire prevention and control, forest conservation and enhanced environmental services, as well as other subjects including forest management, and carbon trade and markets. Capacity building will be based on the general theme of forest conservation. 28

35 3.3 Work Plan MONTHLY WORK PLAN, A provincial forest fire prevention and control system has been established in coordination with regional and local authorities, and the active participation, of indigenous communities. Outcome Activity 1.1 Development of a communication and distribution plan Activity 1.2 Identification of major stakeholders and beneficiaries Activity 1.3 Development of protocols of agreements and commitments with local authorities and organizations Activity 1.4 Preparatory meetings with key stakeholders of the system Activity 1.5 Development of basic document of the regional system Activity 1.6 Set up of system bodies and approval of five-year work plan Outcome 2 :. Activity 2.1 Activity 2.2 Activity 2.3 Activity 2.4 Activity 2.5 Activity 2.6 Activity 2.7 Activity 2.8 Activity 2.9 Outcome 3 Activity 3.1 Activity 3.2 Activity 3.3 A Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan is being implemented at the provincial level, with the involvement of the different regional and local authorities, and Preparation, validation and approval of five-year plan Preparation of outline for rehabilitation of areas affected by forest fires Identification of needs, and demand for incentives and participatory design of incentives plan Development and implementation of a communication & work strategy with native and rural communities. Preparation of socioeconomic baseline and maps of risks of forest fires, and others Evaluation of reduction of forest burning and fires and their impacts Selection and training of rural and native community leaders and extension workers and organization of volunteer brigades Installation of 3 operational district units to control forest fires in the districts of Huancabamba, Chontabamba and Oxapampa Evaluation of forest governance to measure effectiveness of fire prevention and control plan A fire monitoring centre with timely and reliable information for forest fire prevention and control has been implemented Design of a monitoring centre and preparation of protocols, regulations and operating procedures manual for the centre and protocol of early alert Implementation of the centre and recruitment of qualified personnel Construction and equipping of five fire observation towers Cross-cutting activities Management, monitoring and quality control Distribution, coordination and training Technical assistance Reports, technical reports Personnel administration and budget 28

36 3.4 Budget Master budget Outputs/ Activities Budget Component Quantity Unit Unit Cost (US$) 29 Total Cost (US$) Description Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 OUTPUT 1: A provincial forest fire prevention and control system has been established in coordination with regional and local authorities, and the active participation of indigenous communities. 1.1 Identification of major stakeholders and beneficiaries Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 month 12. Other personnel month , , Assistant 1, etc month , , Other labour month , , Workshops on organization of action groups workshop 4, , , DSA day , , Local transport costs fare , Development of protocols of agreements and commitments with local organizations and authorities Workshops on organization of action groups talle 3, , ,000-3, Local transport costs fare , Work meetings to define regional forest fire prevention and control system Other personnel month ,000 1, Assistant 1, etc month ,000 1, Communic. & forest and rural extension consultant month 4, ,000 2, Short training courses on fire prevention & management course 2, ,500 2, DSA day Local transport costs fare , Preparation of communication and outreach plan Training 2, in institutional organization , ,000 3,000-3, DSA ,000 1, Local transport costs Miscellaneous ,

37 Outputs/ Activities Description Budget Component Quantity Unit Unit Cost (US$) Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 30 Total Cost (US$) Year 1 Year 2 Year Set up of system bodies and approval of their annual and five-year work plan Training 2, in institutional organization course 2, ,500 2, DSA day , Local transport costs fare Office materials/supplies unit Miscellaneous unit , Regional ordinance approving the system Participatory work of ad hoc group meeting 2, ,500 2, Local transport costs fare , OUTPUT 2: A Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan is being implemented at the provincial level, with the involvement of the different regional and local authorities, and indigenous communities. 2.1 Preparation, validation and approval of five-year plan Assistant 1, etc month ,400-1,200 1, Other labour month , Training 2, in institutional organization course 3, ,000-3, DSA day , , Preparation of guidelines for the rehabilitation of areas affected by fire Assistant 1, etc ,800-4, Other labour ,200-3, DSA , Local transport costs Office materials /supplies Identification and set up of pilot areas to test the strategy for the rehabilitation of areas affected by fires - 10, Communic. & forest extension consultant , , , Assistant 1, etc ,600-1,800 1, Other labour ,400-1,200 1, DSA ,

38 Outputs/ Activities Description Budget Component Quantity Unit Unit Cost (US$) Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total Cost (US$) Year 1 Year 2 Year Local transport costs Consumable items , ,000-2, Office materials /supplies , Development and implementation of a communic. and work strategy with native and rural communities Communic. and forest & rural extension consultant , , , Forest fire prevention and control consultant Training 2, in institutional organization , , , DSA , , Local transport costs , Identification of needs, and demand for incentives and participatory design of incentives plan Assistant 1, etc ,400-1,200 1, Other labour ,400-1,200 1, Communic. and forest & rural extension consultant , ,000-4,000 2, Workshops on alternative economic activities , ,000-3,000 3, Agricultural and forest materials and inputs , ,000-12,000 12,000-40, Preparation of socioeconomic baseline and maps of forest fire risks, and others Assistant 1, etc month ,600 2,400 1, Other labour ,600 1,200 1,200 1, GIS photo-interpretation consultant , ,000 8, Forest fire prevention and control consultant DSA Local transport costs Satellite images , ,000 2,000 2,000 2,000-22,

39 Outputs/ Activities Description 2.7 Evaluation of reduction of deforestation & effectiveness of forest governance for forest fire control Budget Component Quantity Unit Unit Cost (US$) Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total Cost (US$) Year 1 Year 2 Year Communic. and forest & rural extension consultant , Forest fire prevention and control consultant , , , DSA Local transport costs Office materials /supplies Miscellaneous , ,000 1,000 1,000 1, Selection and training of rural and native community leaders and extension workers and organization of volunteer brigades - 14, Assistant 1, etc month , Other labour month , Communic. and forest & rural extension consultant month 4, ,000 2,000-2, Short training courses on fire prevention and management course/ workshop 3, ,000 3,000 3, Training 2, in institutional organization course 3, ,000 3,000-3, /workshop 15.3 Workshops on forest land-use management course 3, ,000-3, /workshop 31 DSA month , Office materials /supplies 54 - package Training materials package ,500 1,500 1,500 1,500-28, Installation of 3 operational units in the districts of Huamcabamba, Chontabamba, Oxapampa Assistant 1, etc ,600-1,800 1, Other labour ,200-1,600 1, Computer equipment Complete set: PC, LT, Printer, Acc) , ,000-14, Fire fighting equipment (annex) , , , , , Quad bikes , ,000-45, ,

40 Outputs/ Activities Description Budget Component Quantity Unit Unit Cost (US$) Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 OUTPUT 3: A fire monitoring centre with timely and reliable information for forest fire prevention and control has been implemented 3.1 Design of a monitoring centre and preparation of protocols, regulations and operating procedures manual for the centre and protocol of early alert Total Cost (US$) Year 1 Year 2 Year Assistant 1, etc month , , Other labour month , , Short training courses on fire prevention and management course /workshop 3, , , Training 2, in institutional organization course 3, ,000-3,000 3, /workshop 54. Office materials /supplies package , ,200 1,000-15, Implementation of the centre and recruitment of qualified personnel Capital equipment Computer equipment: 2 PC, 3 LP, 2 printers, 1 Plotter, package 4, ,000-4,000 16, Photographic equipment package 3, ,000-3, Forest equipment (GPS, field equipment) package 5, ,000-15, Laboratory and office materials , ,000-2,000 2, Satellite images set 2, ,000 2,000 2,000 2,000-48, Construction and equipping of three fire observation towers Equipment for fire observation towers , , , Sub-contract /Construction of fire observation towers contract 3, , ,500 TOTAL 464,787 65, , ,927 32,500 33

41 3.4.2 Consolidated budget by component Description Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Management, administration and monitoring Executive director (PT 10%) 10,800 3,600 3,600 3,600 Project coordinator 108,000 36,000 36,000 36,000 Project administrator 43,200 14,400 14,400 14,400 Natural resources specialist (PT 50%) 21,600 7,200 7,200 7,200 Agroforestry systems specialist (PT 50%) 21,600 7,200 7,200 7,200 Forest management and fire control specialist 70,000 30,000 30,000 10,000 Technical assistants 27,000 7,200 14,400 5,400 Other personnel, labour 26,200 6,200 12,000 8,000 National consultants Communications and forest and rural extension consultant - Institutional development and governance consultant 6,000-4,500 1,500 GIS photo-interpretation consultant 8,000 8, International consultants Forest fire prevention and control consultant 10, , Fellowships and training Short training courses on fire prevention and management 11,500 5, , , Training 2, in institutional organization 26,500 9, , , Workshops in forest land-use management 21,500 9, , , Component total 411, , , , Sub-contracts Telephone services 1, Maintenance of premises 7,200 2,400 2,400 2,400 Equipment maintenance and furniture 7,200 2,400 2,400 2, Sub-contract /construction of fire observation towers 17, , Component total 33,700 5, , , TRAVEL 6,480 2,160 2,160 2,160 DSA 17,000 7,000 4,800 5,200 Local transport costs 18,630 6, , , Others Component total 42, , , , Capital items 41. 4x4 vehicle 62,000 62, Quad bikes 45,000-45, Computer equipment - Complete set: PC, LT, printer, Acc) 16,000-16, Laboratory and office materials 4,300-2, , Motorcycles 4,050 4, Forest equipment (GPS, field equipment) 15,000-15,000 - Fire fighting equipment (annex) 112, ,357 Satellite images ,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Equipment for fire observation towers 9, ,000 Photographic, video and multimedia equipment 3,000-3,000 - Component total 276, , , , Consumable items Raw materials Utilities (electricity, etc.) Office materials /supplies 7,800 2,600 2,600 2,600 Training materials 4,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 Agricultural and forest materials and inputs 24,000-12,000 12,000 Component total 37, , , , Miscellaneous - Sundry 14,600 8,760 2,920 2, Freight and courier services 1, Contingencies - Component total TOTAL - COMPONENTS 10 TO National management costs /Executing agency management costs 122, , Project monitoring and administration 30,000 30, ITTO monitoring and review 10,000 10, ITTO mid-term evaluation 10,000 10, ITTO ex-post evaluation Sub-total 50, , ITTO programme support costs (12% of items above) 75,934 75, OVERALL PROJECT COST 1,065, , , ,648 34

42 3.4.3 Budget by financing source ITTO budget by year Item Description ITTO TOTAL Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 11 Management, administration and monitoring 11.1 Executive director (PT 10%) 11.2 Project coordinator 108,000 36,000 36,000 36, Project administrator 12.1 Natural resources specialist (PT 50%) 12.2 Agroforestry systems specialist (PT 50%) 12.3 Forest management and fire control specialist 70,000 22,500 30,000 17, Technical assistants 27,000 6,100 13,100 7, Other personnel, labour 26,200 7,000 10,200 9, National consultants 13.1 Communications and forest and rural extension consultant Institutional development and governance consultant 6,000-4,000 2, GIS photo-interpretation consultant 8,000 8, International consultants 14.1 Forest fire prevention and control consultant 10, , Fellowships and training 15.1 Short training courses on fire prevention and management 11,500 5,500 3,000 3, Training 2, in institutional organization 26,500 8,500 6,000 12, Workshops in forest land-use management 21,500 9,500 6,000 6,000 Component total 314, , , , Sub-contracts 21 Telephone services 22 Maintenance of premises 23 Equipment maintenance and furniture Sub-contract /construction of fire observation towers 17, ,500 Component total 17, , TRAVEL 31 DSA 13,400 5,800 3,600 4, Local transport costs 4,230 2, , Others Component total 17,630 8,360 4,100 5, Capital items x4 vehicle 36,000 36, Quad bikes 45,000-45, Computer equipment - Complete set: PC, LT, printer, Acc) 14,000-14, Laboratory and office materials 4,000-2,000 2, Motorcycles Forest equipment (GPS, field equipment) 15,000-15, Fire fighting equipment (annex) 112, , Satellite images ,000 2,000 2,000 2, Equipment for fire observation towers 9, , Photographic, video and multimedia equipment 3,000-3,000 - Component total 244,357 38,000 81, , Consumable items Raw materials Utilities (electricity, etc.) 54 Office materials /supplies 6,300 1,100 3,600 1, Training materials 4,500 1,500 1,500 1, Agricultural and forest materials and inputs 24,000-12,000 12,000 Component total 34,800 2,600 17,100 15, Miscellaneous 61 Sundry 3,800 1,800 1,000 1, Freight and courier services Contingencies 246 Component total 3,800 1,800 1,000 1,000 TOTAL - COMPONENTS 10 TO , , , , National management costs /Executing agency management costs Sub-total Project monitoring and administration 30, ITTO monitoring and review 10, ITTO mid-term evaluation 10,000 ITTO ex-post evaluation Sub-total 50, ITTO programme support costs (8% of items above) 75,934 ITTO TOTAL 758,722 35

43 ProNaturaleza (executing agency) budget by year Item Description TOTAL Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 11 Management, administration and monitoring 11.1 Executive director (PT 10%) 10,800 3,600 3,600 3, Project coordinator 11.3 Project administrator 43,200 14,400 14,400 14, Natural resources specialist (PT 50%) 21,600 7,200 7,200 7, Agroforestry systems specialist (PT 50%) 21,600 7,200 7,200 7, Forest management and fire control specialist Component total Sub-contracts 21 Telephone services 1, Maintenance of premises 7,200 2,400 2,400 2, Equipment maintenance and furniture 7,200 2,400 2,400 2, Sub-contract /construction of fire observation towers Component total TRAVEL 6,480 2,160 2,160 2, DSA 3,600 1,200 1,200 1, Local transport costs 14,400 4,800 4,800 4, Others Component total Capital items x4 vehicle 26, , Quad bikes 44.1 Computer equipment - Complete set: PC, LT, printer, Acc) 2,000 1, , Laboratory and office materials Motorcycles 4,050 1, , , Forest equipment (GPS, field equipment) 44.5 Fire fighting equipment (annex) 44.6 Satellite images Equipment for fire observation towers 45 Photographic, video and multimedia equipment Component total 32, , , , Consumable items Raw materials Utilities (electricity, etc.) Office materials /supplies 1, Training materials 56 Agricultural and forest materials and inputs Component total Miscellaneous 61 Sundry 10,800 3, , , Freight and courier services 1, Contingencies Component total TOTAL - COMPONENTS 10 TO ,330 79,110 53,110 52, National management costs /Executing agency management costs 122, , Project monitoring and administration Refund of pre-project costs (pre-project budget) Executing Agency TOTAL 307, ,858 53,110 52,110 36

44 3.5 Assumptions, risks, sustainability Assumptions and risks A potential risk is that regional and local authorities and the community lose interest in the activities of the project because of a lack of adequate information. This risk will be avoided by using participatory techniques, similar to those used for the development of the Forest Fire Prevention and Fighting Plan for the Pasco region, so that the community is suitably informed and participates in the activities planned by the project. In general terms, the project does not face other significant risks that could hinder its successful implementation. The successful achievement of the development objective of the project entails the following assumptions: The Government of Peru has a national forest policy aimed at sustainable forest development consistent with the project objective. There is an interest from regional and local authorities and the population in being involved in the project. There is growing interest among other regional and local governments in implementing this type of initiative. Furthermore, the successful achievement of the specific objective of the project entails the following assumptions: There is support for the project among the different State authorities The local community, with the active involvement of native and rural communities, agrees with the investment in forest conservation Sustainability The project has been designed to ensure social, technical, institutional, economic and political sustainability: Institutional sustainability: The project will implement a multi-sector coordination system that is crucial for activity sustainability, since local and regional authorities have the legal competence and will provide incentives to implement initiatives conducive to reducing deforestation and forest degradation caused by forest fires. Social sustainability: The project takes into account local needs which have been identified in the development of the regional forest fire prevention and fighting plan, supported by FAO; these needs are identified based on participatory methods that are adapted to local realities. Planned activities take into account traditional local practices. The participatory approach of the project provides the beneficiaries with a sense of ownership of the expected outcomes. The involvement of the local population, especially native and rural communities, in the implementation of project activities will promote this sense of ownership. Considering the dominant role of native communities in forest related activities, the project considers it extremely important to incorporate a gender approach in the implementation of the proposed activities. Technical sustainability: The capacity building activities planned by the project will contribute to the ongoing use of new technologies introduced as part of the project. Introduced technologies will be adapted, wherever possible, to the local reality and traditional knowledge. Financial and economic sustainability: To ensure the sustainability of its outcomes, the project has been planned with a view to achieving the development objective of the project over four years. The first months of the project will be devoted to establishing the conditions needed to implement a forest fire prevention and control system in the area of the project. During this time, the main State and local community stakeholders will be identified in a participatory manner. Furthermore, there will be capacity building for such stakeholders so that they are able to carry out any action needed to reduce the risk of forest fires in the region, as well as to strengthen native and rural community capacities, implement operational district units, a monitoring centre and observation towers. This will allow local and regional governments to implement the necessary actions to reduce forest degradation. 37

45 Political sustainability: In designing the project, both the national regulatory framework and the regulations applicable directly at the local and regional scales were taken into consideration. At the national scale, there is a legal framework provided by the Forest and Wildlife Law and its Regulations, providi8ng support and appropriate backing for the implementation of the project. In this respect, the activities planned by the project are aimed at compliance with such legal framework, thus contributing to the applicability of existing rules. It is expected that, based on the identified regulations, the General Forest and Wildlife Directorate of MINAG, as well as the regional government of Pasco will continue concluding agreements to reduce deforestation and forest degradation and reduce the occurrence of forest fires, so it will be necessary to support them in their institutional efforts over the first few years. 38

46 PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 4.1 Organization structure and stakeholder involvement mechanisms Executing agency and partners The Project Flowchart is as follows: PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEE PROJECT CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE Projects Management PRONATURALEZA PROJECT COORDINATOR Implementation of forest fire prevention & control plan ADMINISTRATION EXPERTS CONSULTANTS Project management team The project will have a General Coordinator who will deal with the overall management of all project components, in order to ensure the constant flow of information between the two areas (mentioned in the previous item) and improved integration of their activities. The General Coordinator will ensure internal and external project coordination, with support from other institutions with which agreements will be signed in due course. The project management team will consist of the following personnel: General Coordinator of the project Project Administrator Forest Management and Forest Fire Control Expert Natural resources expert Agro-forestry systems expert Consultants Technical assistants The description of these positions and their roles appears in the Annexes Project steering committee 39

47 The Project steering committee will consist of the following organizations: A chairperson appointed by the Executing agency (ProNaturaleza) A representative of ITTO A representative of the General Forest and Wildlife Directorate of MINAG A representative of the regional government of Pasco A representative of civil society The Project Coordinator (observer and secretary of the Steering Committee of the project) A representative of the donor country (observer). The committee will be in charge of approving the annual reports and plans. This committee will be in charge of ensuring that project actions follow the basic guidelines leading to the outcomes and objectives for which the project was developed. Furthermore, this Committee will advise on necessary corrections should the project deviate from its basic guidelines Stakeholder involvement mechanisms The Executing Agency and the collaborating agency will establish a Consultative Committee comprising of representatives of local and regional authorities and organizations, representatives of local communities, research institutions, and key groups in civil society as well as independent experts. The purpose of the Consultative Committee is to keep all stakeholder parties informed of project implementation, and to ensure their involvement in the project, as well as to provide a platform for the exchange of ideas and discussion and to receive inputs. 4.2 Reporting, review, monitoring and evaluation Mid-term reports According to the project work plan, six-monthly reports may be submitted with the progress of the project. Final report As required by ITTO, within three months of project completion, the final report will be submitted, which will contain mainly project achievements, both in terms of outputs and objectives, as well as all the details of the implementation of the project: methods, organization, expenses, conclusions and recommendations. ITTO monitoring and review activities According to the work plan, it is advisable that monitoring is done half-way through the project and three months before its completion. Ex Post Evaluation It is advisable that the evaluation be carried out two months after project completion, because by that time most project outputs will be available. Monitoring programme and reports The preliminary monitoring programme and reports set the following dates for visits to the executing agency: 40

48 Description Date First progress report Fortnight of month 7 Second progress report Fortnight of month 13 Third progress report Fortnight of month 19 Fourth progress report Fortnight of month 25 First monitoring mission End of month 25 Fifth progress report Fortnight of month 31 Sixth progress report Fortnight of month 37 Seventh progress report Fortnight of month 43 Eighth progress report Fortnight of month 49 Second monitoring mission End of month 49 Final report 03 months after project completion Final evaluation After project completion 4.3 Dissemination and mainstreaming of project learning Dissemination of project results At all stages of project implementation there will be dissemination of the information generated by the project using various media which will depend on each district. The data generated and analyzed during project implementation will be disseminated locally and regionally using sessions to present partial and final outcomes. The involvement of local and regional authorities will be key for dissemination activities. At the macro level, the main findings will be published on the ProNaturaleza webpage. Furthermore, the project will be publicized internationally through seminars, workshops and fairs. The information generated by the project will be freely accessible to the public Mainstreaming of project learning The logical framework of the project provides a set of means of verification indicating the sources of evidence of mainstreaming, as well as information on how decisions are taken on this kind of activity. Mainstreaming workshops have been provided for as part of the implementation of some project components, and at different stages of the project. Furthermore, announcements will be made to inform of the possibility of involvement for different stakeholders, and such involvement will be facilitated. Progress towards planned outcomes will be disseminated among other institutions and organizations directly or indirectly related with the execution of the project. As a result of this mainstreaming exercise, there will be feedback on the lessons learnt by implementing planned activities. Mainstreaming results of the project is meant to generate synergies with other institutions working in the same field and also to enable the reproduction of successful project activities in other regions where forest ecosystems and forest fire occurrences are similar. During the implementation of the project efforts will be made to ensure major stakeholders do participate in knowledge sharing activities (promotion of traineeships and experience sharing regarding and from the project area), to establish links with institutions and organizations that are implementing initiatives related to similar subjects but in other locations. Because forest fire information is not easily accessible, information generated as a result of the implementation of the project will be extremely useful to other initiatives. 41

49 ANNEXES ANNEX 1. Recommendations of ITTO Expert Panel and corresponding modifications ANNEX 2. Profiles of the executing and collaborating agencies ANNEX 3. Tasks and responsibilities of key experts provided by the executing agency ANNEX 4. Summary CVs of ProNaturaleza staff ANNEX 5. Workshop proceedings (attached file). ANNEX 6. Strategic Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan for Oxapampa-Pasco (attached file) ANNEX 7. Letters of support (attached file) 42

50 Annex 1. Recommendations of the ITTO Expert Panel and corresponding modifications No. Recommendations of the 45th ITTO Expert Panel Modification/Clarification A) Overall Assessment The Panel reiterated the relevance of this proposal aimed at developing a strategic plan to prevent and control forest fires, mitigate climate change and help raise living standards in the Pasco Region. And while the Panel took note that almost all of the previous Panel s recommendations had been properly addressed, it also thought that the project could be further strengthened if the ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests were entrenched in the project s objectives, activities and outputs and highlighted in the Logical Framework as the core instrument based on which the provincial forest fire prevention and control system is developed and established. In addition, the Panel also considered that outcome indicators should be provided for the development and specific objectives of the project, that the work plan include the parties responsible for the implementation of each of the activities, and that the budget be substantially reduced so as to attract financing, and also be presented in detail by component and source of funding. The terms of reference for the project s key personnel and subcontracts should be annexed to the proposal. B) Specific Recommendations Re-edit the project proposal so as to better conform to the format established in the ITTO manual, particularly as regards the incorporation of: 1.- the outcome and impact indicators for the proposal s development and specific objectives (section & 2.2.2), and 2.- the detailed budgets by component and source; and the annexation of: 3.- the terms of reference for the project s key personnel and sub-contracts, and 4.- the detailed and justified lists of equipment to be purchased; Further strengthen the proposal by utilizing the ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests as the backbone or core instrument based on which the provincial forest fire prevention and control system will be developed and established. Consider highlighting the aforementioned guidelines in the project s objectives, activities and outputs and in the proposal s Logical Framework Matrix; Scale down the ITTO budget and provide a much more equitable balance between the ITTO and counterpart contributions towards the overall budget, and, if possible, also seek additional counterpart contributions from the collaborating agencies such as the central, regional and local governments; Re-edit the overall project budget and split into the several budgetary tables so as to conform to the table formats as described in the ITTO Project formulation Manual. Adjust the costs for ITTO monitoring and review to US$10,000 per year, include US$10,000 for mid-term/ex-post evaluation, and recalculate ITTO's Programme Support Costs so as to conform to the new standard of 12% of total ITTO project costs; and Include an Annex which shows the overall assessment and recommendations of the 45 th Panel and the respective modifications in tabular form. Modifications should also be highlighted (bold and underline) in the text. The recommendations provided by the ITTO Expert Panel have been addressed and all improvements, modifications and adjustments have been duly incorporated in the project proposal. Impact and outcome indicators have been added in sections and All budget tables have been adjusted as suggested. The terms of reference for the project s key personnel appear in Annex 3. The Forest Fire Prevention and Control Plan for the Province of Oxapampa Pasco Region ( ) is attached as Annex 6; it includes a detailed description and justification of all equipment to be considered by this project. The ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests have been used to guide the formulation of the project as stated in section (Conformity with ITTO objectives and priorities) of the project document. As recommended by the 45th Panel, the proposal has been further strengthened giving greater consideration to these important guidelines in the implementation of the project. The ITTO budget has been reduced while the executing agency s counterpart contribution has been increased. All recommended adjustments have been addressed in the budget and are included in the project document. The checklist of Expert Panel recommendations and corresponding modifications is hereby presented. 43

51 Annex 2. Profile of the Executing Agency ProNaturaleza (Peruvian Foundation for the Conservation of Nature) is a non-profit private organization founded in Its mission is to promote and implement the necessary tasks to ensure the conservation of nature in the country through the maintenance of biological diversity, the sustainable use of species and ecosystems, and the development of a conservation culture in the country's society. In order to fulfil its mission, ProNaturaleza implements projects financed through grants provided by international cooperation agencies and national sources, as well as through service contracts with private companies. ProNaturaleza has a multi-disciplinary team of more than 100 professionals working in the Lima headquarters and the offices of Tumbes, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Oxapampa, Huamanga, Puno and Puerto Maldonado. These offices implement projects in five areas of work: i) Natural Protected Areas; ii) Conservation of natural and cultural heritage in areas of private investment projects; iii) Development of environmental culture; iv) Economic initiatives based on sustainable natural resource management; and v) Promotion of efficient socio-environmental management. ProNaturaleza has 27 years experience in the management of projects from both international cooperation funding and private companies. Over its long history, ProNaturaleza has directly worked in the development of 20 Natural Protected Areas (NPA) and has indirectly supported the entire National Service for Natural Protected Areas (SINANPE) through the legal strengthening and intensive training provided by its staff at the national level, thus contributing directly to the conservation of more than 4,250,000 ha of natural protected areas. Similarly, ProNaturaleza has supported the implementation of several projects aimed at strengthening multi-national relations in the field of natural resource conservation and management. Past projects include: "Conservation, Development and Peace in the Peru-Ecuador Transboundary Region", and "Bi-national Promotion and Sustainable Development of Transboundary Mangrove Forests in Peru-Ecuador". At present, the Foundation continues to strengthen these partnerships through projects such as "Acre Ucayali: Strengthening of Transboundary Integration Peruvian Component", "Development and Consolidation of a Mosaic of Conservation Areas, Indigenous Reserves and Sustainable Use Areas in the Transboundary Region of Sierra del Divisor", and "Promoting Civil Society Participation and Field Monitoring to Mitigate Social and Environmental Impacts in the Peruvian Inter-Ocean Road in the Vilcabamba-Amboró Conservation Corridor". ProNaturaleza's organizational structure 44

52 Main projects implemented by ProNaturaleza over the last few years No. Official Project Title Financing source Total Budget Duration Canje de Deuda por Conservación en la Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria (Debt-for- Conservation Swap in the National Pacaya Samiria Reserve) Creación y consolidación de un mosaico de áreas de conservación, reservas indígenas y áreas de uso sostenible en la región fronteriza de Sierra del Divisor (Development and consolidation of a mosaic of conservation areas, indigenous reserves and sustainable use areas in the border region of Sierra del Divisor) Promoviendo la participación de la sociedad civil y el monitoreo en el campo para mitigar los impactos sociales y ambientales de la Carretera Interoceánica Peruana en el Corredor de Conservación Vilcabamba-Amboró (Promoting Civil Society Participation and Field Monitoring to Mitigate Social and Environmental Impacts in the Peruvian Inter-Ocean Road in the Vilcabamba-Amboró Conservation Corridor) PROFONANPE Acuerdo de Conservación de Bosques Tropicales (ACBT) (Tropical Forest Conservation Agreement) The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund - - CEPF $1,782, years $1,802, years $493, years 4 Conserving the Amazon Headwaters of the Purus Manu Conservation Corridor WWF (ICAA-USAID) $439, years Manejo forestal mediante reforestación, agroforestería y/o enriquecimiento de bosques con especies nativas en los distritos de Laberinto y de Inambari, Tambopata" (Forest management through reforestation, agroforestry and/or forest enrichment with native species in the districts of Laberinto and Inambari, Tambopata) Competitividad y distribución de beneficios en la cadena de valor del Camu Camu (Myrciaria dubia HBK Mc Vaugh) en la Región Loreto, Perú (Competitiveness and benefit distribution in the Camu Camu (Myrciaria dubia HBK Mc Vaugh)value chain in the Region of Loreto, Peru) Desarrollo de las capacidades de emprendedores Yanesha para la transformación y comercialización de productos forestales provenientes de bosques manejados en el valle del Palcazu. (Capacity building to Yanesha enterpreneurs for the processing and marketing of forest products from managed forests in Palcazu Valley) Desarrollo de la Producción Forestal y Agroforestal en la Provincia de Oxapampa, Pasco (Development of Forest and Agroforestry Production in the Province of Oxapampa) Fund of the Americas - Peru (FONDAM) Comunidad Andina - Programa BioCAN (Andean Community Programme BioCAN) Fund of the Americas - Peru (FONDAM) $449, years $91, year $291, years FONDOEMPLEO $474, years 45

53 Membership of the Administration Board: Ing. Manuel Ríos Rodríguez Founding member and President of the Administration Board Forest Engineer, MSc. Forest Resource Management, professor since 1970 in the Faculty of Forestry, National Agrarian University of La Molina. Mr. Enrique Agois Banchero Vice-President of the Administration Board MBA, Business Administration, Adolfo Ibañez University. CEO - Propiedes Inmobiliarias S.A.C. Dr. Marc J. Dourojeanni Ricordi Founding member of the Administration Board Forest Engineer, Former Head of the Environmental Division of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Dr. José Valle-Riestra Salazar Member of the Administration Board Ph.D. Nutrition. Sub-major in Biochemistry and Food Science, Cornell University. Former Director General of the International Potato Center. Ing. Carlos Amat y León Chávez Member of the Administration Board Former Ministry of Agriculture. Associate Researcher, University of the Pacific. Mr. Ismael Benavides Ferreyros Member of the Administration Board Agricultural Engineer. Peruvian entrepreneur and politician. Forest Minister of Economy and Finance. Ing. Francisco Delgado de la Flor Badaracco Member of the Administration Board Board of Directors of the Council for the Evaluation, Accreditation and Certification of Higher University Education Quality - CONEAU. Dr Carmen Felipe-Morales Basurto Member of the Administration Board PhD in Agricultural Sciences, specialized in soils. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Gembloux, Bélgica. Ing. Alfredo Novoa Peña Member of the Administration Board Visiting professor and researcher, Center for Latin American Studies, Germany. Founding member of the Peruvian Association for Renewable Energy, Norwind SAC and EcoEnergias del Perú SA. Mr. Fernando Otero Davis Member of the Administration Board Founding Member, Former President of Mindshare, and Former Chairman of the Peruvian Association of Publicity Agencies (Asociación Peruana de Agencias de Publicidad - APAP). Mr. Jesús Zamora León Member of the Administration Board Industrial Engineer, MBA from the University of Columbia. Former president of corporations such as Talma, Enfoca Inversiones, Corporación Miski, Oncosalud. Web page: 46

54 Annex 3. Terms of reference 1. Project Coordinator Forester with 10 years experience in planning, administration, and conservation of forest resources and ecosystem services, with experience in personnel management and public relations. Demonstrated knowledge of community forest management, forest fires, geographic information systems and databases. Duties: 1. To coordinate project personnel and provide technical and administrative guidance for the implementation of planned activities 2. To develop detailed plans and budgets for each year 3. To plan and coordinate project implementation in close communication with regional and local authorities of the Department of Pasco. 4. To supervise the selection of project consultants 5. To coordinate the implementation of activities and adopt necessary measures to keep the project on target as per the work plan. 6. To supervise the purchase of equipment and implementation of control units, towers and monitoring centre. 7. To ensure achievement of project outcomes and objectives 8. To monitor project work and provide guidance in the drafting of technical and progress reports 2. Forest management and fire control expert Forester with over 7 years experience in sustainable forest management, conservation of forest resources and ecosystem services, with proven experience and training in forest fire prevention and fighting. Expertise in geographic information systems and database processing. Experience in the project target area is desirable. Duties: Together with the other members of the project technical team, the forest fire expert will have the following duties: 1. To identify and coordinate with key stakeholders of the region, for the establishment of the system 2. To prepare the main document of the system 3. To analyze the main causes of forest fires 4. To analyze scenarios to determine the baseline 5. To identify production activities that promote deforestation and forest degradation 6. To coordinate closely with the different national, regional and local State bodies, as well as with civil society representatives, including native and rural communities. 7. To design actions to reduce / prevent the risk of forest fires 8. To promote community forest management for forest conservation 9. To provide support in the development of guidelines for the rehabilitation of areas affected by forest fires 10. To provide support in the identification of needs and requests for incentives 11. To provide support to the design of distribution and mainstreaming strategies with a view to forest fire prevention and control in the region. 12. To promote and propose agreements and commitments with the members of the system with a view to the implementation of activities. 13. To promote participatory development of work plans and actions needed to implement the regional forest fire prevention and control plan. 14. To provide support to the implementation of district forest fire control units, observation towers and monitoring centre 15. To participate in project promotion and dissemination activities. 47

55 3. Technical assistants of the project In charge of mentoring beneficiaries of the project in the implementation of management plans and other operating procedures. Provide ongoing support to training activities organized by the project. Ensure ongoing focus on project objectives in the field. Report to subcontracted experts and general coordinator. 4. Communications and forest and rural extension work consultant Communicator with more than 5 years experience in rural areas, in subjects related to the forest and/or environmental sector. Experience in the project target area is desirable. Duties: Together with the other members of the project technical team, the forest fire expert will have the following duties: 1. Active involvement in work meetings to define regional forest fire prevention and control system 2. Development of a communication and distribution plan, contacts, distribution of the programme and fast rural evaluation 3. Identification of needs and demands of the local community for the implementation of the incentives plan in the target area of the project 4. Support for the identification of proposals for the reduction of forest burning and fires 5. Selection and training of rural and native community leaders and extension workers and organization of volunteer brigades 6. Promotion and distribution of the main actions and achievements of the project. 7. Close coordination with the Project Coordinator and experts. 5. Institutional development and governance consultant Law professional with 7 years experience in forest/ environmental legislation and in institutional development and governance. Proven expertise in public management. Duties: 1. Organize awareness building and training activities for the different stakeholders of the system. 2. Provide advice for the conclusion of agreements to implement incentives for conservation and reduction of forest burning and fires. 3. Provide advice on legal issues related to the project 4. Develop protocols of agreements and commitments with local authorities and organizations, 5. Prepare the main document of the system 6. Provide support in the formulation of the system 7. Organize workshops and provide training on subjects related to institutional organization, for regional and local authorities as well as for local communities 8. Provide support to training in forest legislation to promote sustainable forest management. 9. Close coordination with the Project Coordinator and experts. 6. Forest fire prevention and control international consultant International expert in forestry or similar, with proven 10 year experience in forest fire prevention and control. The consultant will work in full coordination with the Executing Agency, which will lead, supervise and review activities and outputs. 1. Coordinate with the members of the system and provide advice 2. Provide support in the preparation of deforestation and forest fire risk maps 3. Provide support in the implementation of actions to reduce forest burning and fires 4. Provide support and participate in the selection and training of rural and native community leaders and extension workers and organization of volunteer brigades 5. Provide support in training workshops 6. Coordinate with the national consultants and experts of the project. 48

56 Annex 4. Summary CVs of ProNaturaleza staff POSITION Officer s name and details Professional summary CV Executive Director Administration and Finance Manager Senior Natural Resource Adviser Projects Manager MARTIN J. ALCALDE PINEDA malcalde@pronaturaleza.org Urb. Brisas de Villas Mza. AE- Lote7-Chorrillos.LIMA-PERU. Tel MÁXIMO ANDRÉS FLORIÁN SÁNCHEZ mflorian@pronaturaleza.org Calle 29 Mz. O Lote 2 Urbanización Pinares - Los Olivos Tel LEONIDAS SUASNABAR ASTETE lsuasnabar@pronaturaleza.org Tel ; ext. 225; ROXANA RAMOS DELGADO rramos@pronaturaleza.org Telf Chartered Forest Engineer, graduated from the National Agrarian University of La Molina, with extensive experience in the formulation and implementation of sustainable development and natural resource management projects with the participation of communities living in extreme poverty in the Amazon and High Andean Regions. Sound experience in the coordination of projects on: watershed management; sustainable development; forest management; biodiversity conservation; and protected areas. Great ability to work and establish inter-cultural relations with indigenous communities. Vast knowledge of the Andean-Amazon region with special emphasis on Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Capacity to negotiate and settle conflicts. Accountant with experience in the private and public sectors; ability to relate and work in all hierarchical levels; responsible; good interpersonal and communication skills; highly proactive. Work experience in auditing, finance, accounting and administration areas, coordinating teams and using state-of-the-art computer tools. Ability for the achievement and production of results. Forestry and environmental professional with 31 years experience as researcher, adviser and consultant in government and private agencies. Specialist in the development, implementation and evaluation of conservation and development projects with special emphasis on Natural Resource Administration and Management; extensive field experience in rural development, coastal marine ecosystems, tropical silviculture, forest management, Andean forestry, protected areas and environmental monitoring in Peru. Forest Engineer, Magister Scientiae, with postgraduate specialization in project management, sustainable development and forest management. Currently doing a PhD in Natural Resource Economics and Sustainable Development. More than 13 years experience in technical and administrative management of development and conservation projects in the coastal, highlands and, in particular, Peruvian Amazon regions. Work experience in the public and cooperation sectors in Peru, leading field projects as well as components in programs and national project portfolios from central management units. 49

57 ANNEX 5. Workshops Proceedings (attached file) Development of a strategic framework for forest fire prevention and control in the Pasco Region ProNaturaleza Peruvian Foundation for the Conservation of Nature Consolidated Document REPORT OF WORKSHOPS AND MEETINGS WITH KEY STAKEHOLDERS For the formulation of the Regional Plan for Forest Fire Prevention and Control in the Department of Pasco With the support of: Oxapampa, January 2012 (Please see Spanish original document pp ) 50

58 ANNEX 6. Strategic Plan for Forest Fire Prevention and Control in Oxapampa-Pasco (attached file) PLAN ESTRATÉGICO DE PREVENCIÓN Y CONTROL DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES PARA LA PROVINCIA DE OXAPAMPA REGION PASCO Preparado por ProNaturaleza Fundación Peruana para la Conservación de la Naturaleza para su presentación ante el Mecanismo para los Programas Forestales Nacionales (Facility) a través de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO). (Please see Spanish original document pp ) 51