Many Partners and Supports. Municipal Tree Care and Management in the United States. Universities, Non-profits, Government, Industry

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1 Many Partners and Supports Municipal Tree Care and Management in the United States Richard Hauer 1 and Ward Peterson 1 Professor of Urban Forestry, University of Wisconsin Stevens Point Manager of Utility and Urban Resources, Davey Resource Group Universities, Non-profits, Government, Industry Dr. Kielbaso, Ken Ottman, and Colleagues Survey Instrument 1974 >>>> 198 >>>> 1986 >>>> 1993 >>>> Started Collecting Data Since Questions 3 Questions Long and Short Form Versions 4 Regions and 9 Divisions Response Study Design United States Census Bureau Definitions Survey Response Rate 1

2 Responses (#) Study Design # Responses % Response N=668 Response (%) Survey Response Rate Value of Money Mean Street Tree Value 1,8 1,6 1,4 1, 1, CPI Adjustment 1974 to 14 = to 14 =.16 Nominal Dollars 343 1, Year Nominal (historic) and Real (adjusted) Values Value of Money Mean Street Tree Value 1,8 1,6 1,4 1, 1, CPI Adjustment 1974 to 14 = to 14 =.16 Nominal Dollars 343 1,648 Real Dollars 1,697 1,697 1,134 N=41 N= Year Nominal (historic) and Real (adjusted) Values What s Your Urban Forest Like? Many Challenges to Growing the Urban Forest Conduct Tree Activities, - 4,999, - 9,999 1, - 4,999, - 49,999, - 99,999 1, - 49,999, -,, - 1,, Over 1,, Total, all cities age of Who Said Yes How Many Decision Making Levels, - 4,999, - 9,999 1, - 4,999, - 49,999, - 99,999 1, - 49,999, -,, - 1,, Over 1,, Total, all cities Number of Decision Making Steps From the Field to the Highest Level

3 Years of Tree Management Responsibility, - 4,999, - 9,999 1, - 4,999, - 49,999, - 99,999 1, - 49,999, -,, - 1,, Over 1,, Total, all cities Years Community Has Person Reasonable for Trees What s in your Wallet? A Person Responsible for Trees in Community Training and Credentials What s in your Wallet? What s in your Wallet? 1 9 No Training or Workshops In-House On-The-Job Training Attend Tree Care Workshops ISA Certified Arborist on Staff 1 9 ISA Municipal Specialist on Staff ISA Advanced Credential on Staff State License or Credential on Staff Training and Credentials Training and Credentials Municipal Department Responsible Public Trees 7 Public Works 6 Streets/Transportation Municipal Department Responsible Public Trees 7 Forestry/Urban Forestry 6 Parks&Rec Had to Pick One Department Only Had to Pick One Department Only 3

4 Municipal Department Responsible Public Trees Forestry/Urban Forestry Parks&Rec Public Works Streets/Transportation Municipal Department Responsible Public Trees Number of Departments Had to Pick One Department Only Group # of Departments Associated With Tree Management Municipal Department Responsible Public Trees Agreement SA Municipal Departments Cooperate 4 A 3 N D 1 SD 1 9 Municipal Departments Cooperate 8 7 SD 6 D 4 N 3 A 1 SA Systematic Management n=67 n=639 Agreement Departments Operate Common Goals & Objectives SA A N D SD Departments Operate Common Goals & Objectives SD D N A SA n=67 n=67 # of Departments Associated With Tree Management Henri Fayol Father of Systematic Management Systematic Management Just What are You Worth? 1 9 Northeast Midwest South West Total, all cities % of Communities Rated as Systematic Compensation is Part of This Answer 4

5 Positions and Pay (Annual Earnings $ s) Position Seasonal Worker Laborer Clerical Support Office Truck Driver Equipment Operator Arborist (pruning/trimming) Working Foreman (Crew Chief) Urban Forestry Specialist/Inspect. Other Forestry Manager/City Forester Starting Average 1,17 3,16 31,797 36,8 33,38 39,36 34,473 4,67 38,18 44,874 4,433 47,837 46,1,483 46,997 6,8 3,468 64,89 8,738 71,19, 4, 6, 8, Annual Base Earnings ($ s) What Do Municipal Staff Earn? Positions and Starting Pay (Annual Base $ s) Average Pay ($) Average Pay ($) Arborist Midwest Northeast South West Total Region Forestry Manager / City Forester Midwest Northeast South West Total Region Average Pay ($) Average Pay ($) Working Forman Midwest Northeast South West Total Region Urban Forestry Specilalist/Inspector Midwest Northeast South West Total Region Some Region Examples? Positions and Pay (Annual Mean Earnings $ s) Annual Mean Base Pay ($) 6,, 4, 3,, 1, - < Private Sector > <<<<<<<<<< Public Sector >>>>>>>>>>>> 33,87 3,1 All Occupations National Mean $.71 or $47,3 annually 39,93 4,64 43,39 Sector 46,7 46,96 47,837 How Do Arborists Compare? Positions and Pay (Annual Earnings $ s) National All Occupations (BLS) 47,3 Seasonal Worker 3,16 Laborer 36,8 Clerical Support Office 39,36 Truck Driver 4,67 Equipment Operator 44,874 Arborist (pruning/trimming) 47,837 Working Foreman (Crew Chief),483 Urban Forestry Specialist/Inspect. 6,8 Other 64,89 Forestry Manager/City Forester 71,19, 4, 6, 8, Annual Earnings ($'s) Position What is the National Mean for All Occupations? How much money is needed? What s the best comparison method? What s the context?, - 4,999, - 9,999 1, - 4,999, - 49,999, - 99,999 1, - 49,999, -,, - 1,, Over 1,, Total, all cities How Much is Needed? Tree Budget / Total Municipal Budget (%) Tree Budget of Municipal Budget

6 Budget ($) Budget Total Budget 9,.9 81,9 8,.8 7,.7 613,61 6,.6, 48,63. 4, 376,36 3, ,.3,. 1, Budget (Real $ s) and Tree Budget as % of Municipal Budget Tree Budget / Total Muni Budget (%) EAB Induced Ash Mortality SE Michigan Solid line: direct measurements Dotted line: inferred from dendrochronology data confirming EAB induced ash mortality from The outcome of doing nothing (Image by Dan Herms) Tree Budget / Total Muni. Budget (%) Effect of EAB on Tree Budget NJ AR NH NC GA CO Year 3 Extrapolated CT MA KS IA TN MN KY NY VA MO WI PA WV Year 9 Extrapolated IL MD Years Since EAB Confirmed in State Effect of emerald ash borer on municipal budgets in states that have confirmed EAB cases. (y-axis is the tree budget as a percent of the municipal budget) IN OH MI Tree Budget as % of Total Budget.7 No EAB in State EAB in State All Places No EAB in State EAB in State All Places Effect of EAB on Budget Per Capita Tree Budget ($) No EAB in State EAB in State All Places No EAB in State EAB in State All Places Effect of EAB 6

7 Dollars Per Tree Year Real Budget (14 $ s) Spent Per Street Tree Sources of Funding Forestry grant Mean Community dev. block grant Gas tax 14 Revenue sharing Job training/corp Vehicle tax Endowment Road use tax Tree mill levy Special frontage tax General fund of Budget Types of Sources Used Sources of Funding Job Corps Wood Product Sales Endowment Revenue Sharing Fines Emergency Mgmt./Hazard Mitigation Vehicle Tax Service Fees Tree Memorials Mill Levy (Forestry/Tree) Special Frontage Tax Community Development Block Grants Donations Road-use Tax Permit Fees Stormwater/Utility Forestry Grants (e.g., State/Federal) Gas Tax Assessment District Other General Fund of Places Who Pays the Bills? Where Does the Money Go? Plant Health Office Public Tree Repair Nursery Fertilization Care Expenses Education.9% Maintenance.9% Inventory & 1.% 1.% 1.1%.% Analysis Safety Training 1.8% 1.3% Employee Training Other 1.8%.1% Storm Work 3.3% Tree Pruning Watering 4.% 3.4% Stump Removal 3.6% Administrative 6.6% Supervision 8.% Tree Removal Tree Planting 3.3% 14.% The Big Three (Planting, Pruning, Removal) & More Where Does the Money Go? Planting Pruning Removal Midwest Northeast South West Total Region The Big Three (Planting, Pruning, Removal) by Region Who Does the Work? Volunteer % Contractor 41% City Staff 4% A Short Form Story 7

8 Who Does the Work? Using Contractors Who Does the Work? of Budget Spent on Contracting Year How Common are Contractors Hired? A Short Form Story Cost to Remove Urban Trees and Stumps Cost Per Tree ($) City Staff Contractor Tree Removal Results from 14 Municipal Tree Care and Management (n=48 to 11) Stump Removal Cost for Activity Per Tree Cost ($) Should I Contract or Should I In-house Cost ($) 9 In-house 198 Costs (In 14 Real $'s) 8 Contract In-house 14 Costs 3 47 Contract Triming Planting Tree Stump Spraying 18 1 Removal Removal 6 36 Tree Activity 9 In-house 1986 Costs (In 14 Real $'s) 8 Contract Tree Activity Cost ($) Triming Planting Tree Stump Spraying Removal Removal Tree Activity Yup, Depends, What s Your Question Who Does the Work? Why Do We Write Standards? Using Volunteers Number of Volunteers 4, 3, 3,,, 1, 1, , Mean Volunteers Hours 1, 1, 8, 6, 4,, 1,38 3,87, ,9 8 Time Per Person A Volunteer Story The Concept of Tree Pruning is Complex 8

9 Standards of Work and Practice ANSI A3 ANSI Z133.1 Have Not Heard of These Standards Standards of Work and Practice Require use of ANSI Z6.1 standards Require use of ANSI Z133.1 standards Require use of ANSI A3 standards Hiring preference given to ISA Certified Arborists Hiring preference given to TCIA Accredited companies Commonality of Incorporation into Tree Management Procedures Use with Hiring Contractors Standards of Work and Practice Hiring preference given to TCIA Accredited companies Hiring preference given to ISA Certified Arborists Require use of ANSI A3 standards Know About Your Tree? Inventory (%) Require use of ANSI Z133.1 standards Require use of ANSI Z6.1 standards Use with Hiring Contractors Commonality of Tree Inventory Systems Tree Inventory Activity Potential debris volume 6 Other 1 Tree risk assessment 1 Insect/disease problems Tree removal 7 Tree planting locations 77 Tree condition 88 Tree diameter 89 Tree species What Data is Collected Tree Inventory Activity Assessing canopy cover change between time periods Policy and ordinance development Tree pruning for height clearance (street/sidewalk) Communicating tree benefits to community Scheduling tree pruning Removal of trees exceeding acceptable risk rating Selection of tree species for planting Identifying tree planting locations What They are Used For 9

10 Tree Canopy Canopy Goal (%) Have Goal Developing Goal Tree Canopy Unit (Years or ) Canopy Goal (%) 3 Current Canopy (%) 13 Years to Reach Goal Do you have a goal or developing one? Do you have a goal or developing one? Policy Through Ordinance Policy Through Ordinance Ordinance Identify formula for monetary value Require replacement of publically removed trees Require developer to plant subdivisions Regulate removal of dead or diseased trees Define tree maintenance responsibilities Regulate species planted on private property Mean Regulate species planted on street Does a Community have a Tree Ordinance Does a Community have a Tree Ordinance Policy Through Ordinance Tree Preservation Ordinance Thank You Tree Preservation Ordinance Time for a Break! 1