New pressures to reduce deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon

Transcription

1 New pressures to reduce deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon Paulo Barreto Senior Researcher IMAZON E mail: pbarreto@imazon.org.br Presented at the Brazil Institute t Woodrow Wilson Center Washington DC, February Photo: Jimmy Grogan

2 Deforestation rates were highly correlated with the price ftt fattened cattle and soya from 1995 to 2007 Thou usands Km2 deforested Source of deforestation rates: INPE. km2 deforested estimated using soy and cattle prices

3 Amazon contributed with 82% of Brazil s cattle herd growth in the past 18 years Millio on cattle heads Rest of Brazil Legal Amazon Source of data: IBGE.

4 Most deforestation illegal. Within the legal reserve Riparian forests. Without ih environmental llicense. Inside protected areas.

5 Creation of protected areas Cumulative area Área cum mulativa (ha) Ano

6 Source: Imazon Creation of protected areas 42% of the territory

7 Fines against environmental crimes in the Amazon Source of data: IBAMA, Brazilian Environmental Agency

8 Impunity < 5% of thevalue of ffines collected Source of data: IBAMA, Brazilian Environmental Agency

9 Growth of deforestation in December 2007 Monthly deforestation rate measured by Imazon Source: Imazon

10 Potential to increase production without deforestation Less than 1 head per hectare Potential 2 heads per hectare Photos: Paulo Barreto

11 75% of total deforestation ~40% of Brazilian Emissions Less than 1% of GDP

12 New measures against deforestation in 2008 Embargo of areas illegally deforested Buyers of products from embargoed areas liable to penalties Credit restriction Illegal deforestation Increased confiscation

13 Focus on 36 critical municipalities 50% of total deforestation 13

14 Growth of embargo & confiscation Cumulative cases in 2007 and 2008 Data from IBAMA analyzed by Paulo Barreto and Daniel Silva

15 Confiscation of 3,000 cattle inside Protected Area I n Pará State June 2008 Cattle auctioned after two months Photos: Hermínio Lacerda. Available at:

16 Difference between area deforested in 2008 and 2007 SAD January to December Begin Operation Arc of Fire Pirate cattle captured (100) (200) (300) (400) (500) (600) (700) (800) Begin credit restriction Jan Fev Mar Abr Mai Jun Jul Ag Set Out Nov Dez Other municipalities 36 municipalities focus of enforcement

17 Difference between area deforested in 2008 and 2007 SAD January to December Begin Operation Arc of Fire Pirate cattle captured (100) (200) (300) (400) (500) (600) (700) (800) Begin credit restriction Jan Fev Mar Abr Mai Jun Jul Ag Set Out Nov Dez Total reduction in ,300 Km2 Other municipalities 36 municipalities focus of enforcement

18 Lawsuit against ranchers and industry June embargoed ranches Public Prosecutor Lawsuits Slaghtherhouses Recommendation 69 buyers

19 Greenpeace report

20 Develpments since June 2009 Retailers and industry stopped buying. Slaugtherhouses h signed legal l agreement Ranches registered at environmental agency Independent audit US $2.8 million/year Map of ranch in the Internet

21 Develpments since June 2009 BNDES issued new environmental guidelines Agreemente between Greenpeace & 4 largest salaugtherhouses Supermarket association launched certification i program

22 45% decline of deforestation in Source of deforestation rates: INPE.

23 Number of properties registered at State Environmental Agency in Pará 7,500 3, June 2009 December 2009 February 2010 Data obtained from Pará State Secretary of Environment at:

24 Will all ranchers comply with rules? 80, ,500 7,500 June 2009 December 2009 February 2010???? Data in blue obtained from Pará State Secretary of Environment at:

25 Will all ranchers comply with rules? Independent audit 80, ,500 7,500 June 2009 December February 2010???? 2009 Data in blue obtained from Pará State Secretary of Environment at: Obs photo: Wallmart President in Brazil receiving the award as sustainable company 2009 from Exame magazine. According to the magazine, the award recognized, among others things, the role Wallmart had in the agreement to stop deforestation for beef production in the Amazon. Photo available from:

26 Expanded arragements for sustainable cattle ranching Land titling Banks Environmental enforcement Environmental licensing Research & Development Ranchers Slaugtherhouse Retailers Industry Cattle tracking Environmental enforcement Photo available from:

27 Photos of cattle: Paulo Barreto. Photo of burning: James Grogan.