Yield Study on Identical Bifacial Rooftop Systems Installed in the USA and in Germany
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1 Yield Study on Identical Bifacial Rooftop Systems Installed in the USA and in Germany PI Photovoltaik-Institut Berlin AG Dr. Lars Podlowski, Stefan Wendlandt - PI Photovoltaik-Institut Berlin AG, Germany Dr. Daniel Cormode Bay4 Energy Services LLC, Tucson (AZ), USA 4 th Workshop on Bifacial PV Konstanz (Germany)
2 Customer-oriented Independent PV Experts From solar cells to the power plant, PI Berlin supports your solar project as a customeroriented independent expert since 26. With our international team of experts, PI Berlin provides a wide spectrum of inspection, planning and consultation services. The core of our work is the implementation and quality assurance for complex PV projects. However, we also have an R&D group which 1. does collaborative publicly funded R&D projects 2. provides support for customer R&D projects PI Photovoltaik-Institut Berlin AG 2
3 International Presence and Activities PI India PI Photovoltaik-Institut Berlin AG 3
4 Motivation Various team members have been working in previous positions on R&D on bifacial products since 25 since 212 PI Berlin is working in the bifi community This yield study deals with a special bifacial rooftop systems because predominant application seems to be ground-mount systems based on customer request who has the idea that for a white roof (high albedo) a vertical E-W system might have higher absolute yield than south-oriented PV for such a vertical rooftop system standard panels are not well suited customer needs long-term yield data for different locations for a bankability study This project targets to lead to a better understanding of the energy production at various climate conditions.
5 Technical Setup South oriented - 1 module: 3 - monofacial (reference) - 1 module: 45 - bifacial East-west-oriented - 2 modules: 9 - bifacial - 1 pcs. in the centre of a field - 1 pcs. with full horizon Weather monitoring - Global horizontal irradiation - Ambient temperature Interval: 1 min Power monitoring - Electrical data at P max (I mpp, V mpp ) Interval: 1 min - IV-curves Interval: 5 min E e,total,hor T amb South South E-W E-W monofac. bifi bifi bifi (ref.) centre back MPPT MPPT P max MPPT data logger MPPT Panels - double glass; 22 pcs of ½ 6 solar cells; 1 Wp - First Solar TetraCell ; 93% bifi coefficient
6 Technical Setup 1 2 Tucson (AZ), USA Forst (Lausitz), Germany
7 Technical Setup 1 2 Tucson (AZ), USA Forst (Lausitz), Germany System in operation since Nov. 2 System in operation since June 2
8 H hor / (kwh/m²) Solar Irradiance in Arizona and Germany Tucson - Annual solar irradiation: 2,45 kwh/m 2 - Ratio of diffuse light: 29% 5 Forst - Annual solar irradiation: 1,5 kwh/m 2 - Ratio of diffuse light: 53% Tucson: total horizontal irradiation Forst: total horizontal irradiation Tucson: diffuse horizontal irradiation Forst: diffuse horizontal irradiation
9 12:1 AM 1:1 AM 2: AM 3: AM 4: AM 5: AM 6: AM 7: AM 8:2 AM 9:4 AM 1:6 AM 11:9 AM 12:11 PM 1:13 PM 2:15 PM 3: PM 4: PM 5:19 PM 6:2 PM 7:2 PM 8:2 PM 9:2 PM 1:2 PM 11:2 PM P mpp / W E e,glo,hor / (W/m²) Energy Yield / kwh 12 2/12/ /12/ South 3 South 45 East-West 9 mid East-West 9 back Irradiation East-West 9 back East-West 9 mid South 45 South 3 Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South /12/26-2 South 45 East-West 9 mid East-West 9 back
10 12: AM 1:3 AM 2:7 AM 3:1 AM 4:13 AM 5: AM 6:2 AM 7:23 AM 8:27 AM 9:3 AM 1:33 AM 11:36 AM 12:39 PM 1:42 PM 2:45 PM 3:47 PM 4:5 PM 5:54 PM 6:57 PM 8: PM 9:4 PM 1:7 PM 11:9 PM Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % P mpp / W E e,glo,hor / (W/m²) Energy Yield / kwh /3/ /3/ South 3 South 45 East-West 9 mid East-West 9 back /3/ Irradiation East-West 9 back East-West 9 mid South 45 South 3 South 45 East-West 9 mid East-West 9 back
11 12: AM 1:3 AM 2:7 AM 3:1 AM 4:13 AM 5: AM 6:2 AM 7:23 AM 8:27 AM 9:3 AM 1:33 AM 11:36 AM 12:39 PM 1:42 PM 2:45 PM 3:47 PM 4:5 PM 5:54 PM 6:57 PM 8: PM 9:4 PM 1:7 PM 11:9 PM Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % P MPP / W E e,glo,hor / (W/m²) Energy Yield / kwh /6/ /6/15 South 3 South 45 East-West 9 mid East-West 9 back /6/15 3 Irradiation East-West 9 back East-West 9 mid South 45 South 3 Clear summer day 2% gain for bifi-45 south 5% gain for E-W system 2 1 South 45 East-West 9 mid East-West 9 back
12 12: AM 1:4 AM 2:6 AM 3:1 AM 4:12 AM 5: AM 6:19 AM 7:22 AM 8:27 AM 9:31 AM 1:36 AM 11:4 AM 12:45 PM 1:48 PM 2:52 PM 4:5 PM 5:9 PM 6:14 PM 7:18 PM 8:23 PM 9:27 PM 1:29 PM 11:33 PM Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % P MPP / W E e,glo,hor / (W/m²) Energy Yield / kwh 12 2/6/ /6/ South 3 South 45 East-West 9 mid East-West 9 back 2/6/2 3 2 Irradiation East-West 9 back East-West 9 mid South 45 South 3 1 Bad summer day again 2% gain for bifi-45 south only 22% gain for E-W system South 45 East-West 9 mid East-West 9 back
13 Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % East-West 9 mid South 45-2 Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep
14 Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % 5 4 East-West 9 mid South East-West 9 mid South Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Nov - Sep
15 Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % 5 4 East-West 9 mid South 45 An E-W system has a higher annual yield than a south-oriented system East-West 9 mid South Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Nov - Sep
16 Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % 5 4 East-West 9 mid South 45 An E-W system has a higher annual yield than a south-oriented system. 3 2 With a very pronounced seasonality! Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep
17 Energy Yield / kwh 3 25 East-West 9 back East-West 9 mid No neighbor in the west leads to a higher yield of 2-3% Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep
18 12: AM 1:3 AM 2:7 AM 3:1 AM 4:13 AM 5: AM 6:2 AM 7:23 AM 8:27 AM 9:3 AM 1:33 AM 11:36 AM 12:39 PM 1:42 PM 2:45 PM 3:47 PM 4:5 PM 5:54 PM 6:57 PM 8: PM 9:4 PM 1:7 PM 11:9 PM Energy Yield / kwh P MPP / W E e,glo,hor / (W/m²) East-West 9 back East-West 9 mid No neighbor in the west leads to a higher yield of 2-3%. Small impact in summer /6/ Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Irradiation East-West 9 back East-West 9 mid South 45 South 3
19 12: AM 1:3 AM 2:7 AM 3:1 AM 4:13 AM 5: AM 6:2 AM 7:23 AM 8:27 AM 9:3 AM 1:33 AM 11:36 AM 12:39 PM 1:42 PM 2:45 PM 3:47 PM 4:5 PM 5:54 PM 6:57 PM 8: PM 9:4 PM 1:7 PM 11:9 PM Energy Yield / kwh P mpp / W E e,glo,hor / (W/m²) East-West 9 back East-West 9 mid No neighbor in the west leads to a higher yield of 2-3%. Larger impact when sun is lower /3/ Nov Dez Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Irradiation East-West 9 back East-West 9 mid South 45 South 3
20 Additional Yield vs. Reference Panel 5% 4% 3% E-W 9 Q1 E-W 9 Q2 E-W 9 Q3 E-W 9 Q4 South 45 2% 1% -1% Q4
21 Additional Yield vs. Reference Panel 5% 4% 3% E-W 9 Q1 E-W 9 Q2 E-W 9 Q3 E-W 9 Q4 South 45 2% 1% -1% Q4
22 Additional Yield vs. Reference Panel 5% 4% 3% E-W 9 Q1 E-W 9 Q2 E-W 9 Q3 E-W 9 Q4 South 45 Q2+Q3 2% 1% -1% Q1 Q4 Q4
23 Additional Yield vs. Reference Panel 5% 4% 3% E-W 9 Q1 E-W 9 Q2 E-W 9 Q3 E-W 9 Q4 South 45 Q2+Q3 2% 1% -1% Q1 Q4 The higher the daily irradiance the higher the gain. Q4
24 Energy Yield Energy Yield 3 South / % Experimental Results - Forst 5 East-West 9 mid South Jun Jul Aug
25 Summary 1 Tucson 2 Forst data available for almost 1 full year a 45 south-tilted bifi systems has an annual yield gain of +13% - with very low seasonality (+8% +18%) the relative specific yield of a 9 E-W system is slightly higher (+ 15%) and shows a extremely strong seasonality (-15%.. +4%) In the summer months daily gains can reach 5% for the E-W system The limited horizon of a real 9 E-W systems has an impact of approx. 5% to the annual yield data available only since June also here the first months indicate a strong seasonality It will be interesting to see the winter season when direct sun is very low mostly diffuse light conditions
26 Outlook We will continue to monitor both test sites in order to gain better understanding of impact of climate and weather conditions on bifi-pv yield analyze potential benefits of different bifi system designs for self-consumption by correlating data to load profiles (residential and commercial consumers) understand accuracy and restrictions of yield prediction software (PVSYST and others) Purpose is to become an independent engineering firm which is a real specialist in bifi-pv thus to help the PV industry (manufacturers; EPC; investors; banks) to fully exploit the advantages of bifi-pv
27 Your independent solar advisors! Contact us: PI Berlin Dr. Lars Podlowski
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