MITIGATION OPTIONS IN THE AFOLU SECTOR

Transcription

1 REDD+ in Brazil Thelma Krug Ins=tuto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE Le=cia Guimarães Ministério do Meio Ambiente Brasil Joint FAO- IPCC- IFAD Expert Mee=ng: Emerging Ac=vi=es to Combat Climate Change FAO, Rome, November 2014

2 MITIGATION OPTIONS IN THE AFOLU SECTOR

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4 RELEVANT DECISIONS OF THE UNFCCC ON REDD+

5 Decision 1/CP.16 Cancun Agreements

6 FREL under the UNFCCC Decision 4/CP.15 Establishment of the FRELs/FRLs transparent, taking into account historical data, adjusted to the nalonal circumstances use of the IPCC Guidelines, adopted or encouraged Decision 12/CP.17 stepwise approach improvement of the FREL to incorporate beqer data, improved methodologies, addilonal pools. consistency with the latest nalonal GHG inventory

7 Guidelines for Submission of InformaLon on FREL/FRLs Annex to Decision 12/CP.17

8 Summary AcLviLes Included in the FREL: Reducing Emissions from (gross) Deforesta8on (RED) Gases Included: CO2 Scale: sub- na8onal (Amazonia biome) transi8oning to na8onal Pools Included: living biomass (above and below- ground) and li>er Pools not Included (not significant): dead wood; and soil organic carbon (mineral and organic soils) Most significant conversion of Forest Land : Grassland (NaLonal Inventory, TerraClass) Literature review: in general, loss of carbon in the first few years post- conversion followed by the total recovery of the carbon in the organic soil. Dead Wood: part of a natural process. Timing of emissions is different.

9 BRAZIL S FREL SUBMISSION TO THE UNFCCC

10 Brazilian Biomes REDD+ approach by biome, starlng with the Amazonia biome and RED and transiloning to other biomes, possibly to other REDD+ aclviles, pools, and gases

11 Sector Emissions Profile and RelaLve ContribuLon of the Brazilian Biomes to LULUCF

12 Scale of REDD+ AcLviLes Emerging approaches to Forest Reference Emission Levels and/or Forest Reference Levels for REDD+, UN- REDD, October 2014

13 Annexes Annex 1: Addi=onal informa=on about the forest reference emission level for reducing emissions from deforesta=on in the Amazonia biome I. PRODES: Amazonian Gross Deforesta=on Monitoring Project II. PPCDAm: Ac=on Plan for the Preven=on and Control of Deforesta=on in the Legal Amazonia Annex 2: Example to increase transparency I. Example of the calcula=on of the adjusted deforesta=on increment II. Example of the carcula=on of the carbon density associated with a forest type Annex 3: I. Degrada=on in the Amazonia biome (selec=ve logging)

14 Annexes Annex IV The Development of FREL s for other Biomes I From Subna=onal to Na=onal II Deforesta=on and degrada=on in the Cerrado biome III Enhancement of carbon stocks in the Atlan=c Forest biome

15 Types of FREL/FRLs (Brazil s approach)

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17 Legal Amazonia and Amazonia Biome

18 Landsat Coverage of Legal Amazonia

19 Legal Amazonia State Boundaries

20 Gross DeforestaLon Monitoring at INPE: the importance of consistency and transparency

21 Emission Factor: Carbon map Ground data (forest type, Circumference at Breast Height (CBH), height) from RADAMBRASIL Project

22 Allometric EquaLon (1) Use of allometric equalon by Higuchi et al (1998)

23 Allometric EquaLon (2)

24 Allometric EquaLon (3)

25 Allometric EquaLon (4)

26 NaLonally Specific Emission Factors Modeling the spalal and temporal heterogeneity of deforestalon- driven carbon emissions: the INPE- EM framework applied to the Brazilian Amazon

27 Proposed FREL for the Amazonia Biome

28 Steps for EsLmaLng the Annual CO2 Emissions

29 Annual Area Deforested and Associated CO2 Emissions

30 Analogical and Digital Data Analogical PRODES Digital PRODES

31 Challenges Addressing forest degradalon (definilon, processes, eslmalon of carbon stock changes) Improving our understanding of emissions from fire and its dynamics Monitoring deforestalon increments smaller than 6.25 hectares Improving the carbon map

32 Next Steps RED for other biomes: Cerrado is the next priority Moving to the REDD (Amazonia biome) IncorporaLng other pools (mineral soil, dead wood?) IncorporaLng other gases (CH4, N2O,... from biomass burning?) Moving to the + in REDD+? (e.g., Enhancement of forest carbon stocks AtlanLc Forest)

33 THANKS... GRAZIE... OBRIGADA... DANKE... GRACIAS...

34 Brazil s Soil ClassificaLon