SETH ANANDRAM JAIPURIA SCHOOL VASUNDHARA GHAZIABAD EVS WORKSHEET CLASS III, IV &V. Name Class Sec Roll No. Date: FOREST

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1 SETH ANANDRAM JAIPURIA SCHOOL VASUNDHARA GHAZIABAD EVS WORKSHEET CLASS III, IV &V Name Class Sec Roll No. Date: FOREST A Forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. A forest is usually an area filled with trees but any tall densely packed area of vegetation may be considered a forest, forest cover approximately 9.4 percent of the earth s surface ( or 30 percent of total land area), though they once covered much more ( about 50 percent of total land area). A typical tree forest is composed of the over story ( canopy or upper tree layer ) and the understory. The understory is further subdivided in to the shrub layer, herb layer, and soil microbes. In some complex forests, there is also a well- defined lower tree layer. Forests are central to all human life because they provide a diverse range of resources: They store carbon, aid in regulating the planetary climate, purify water and mitigate natural hazards such as floods. Forests also contain roughly 90 percent of the world s terrestrial biodiversity. Forest products and their uses Timber Cane Fruit Medicinal use Fibre Bamboo Essential Oils 1.Timber : It is used in timber based industries such as plywood, saw milling, paper and pulp, and particle boards. 2. Bamboo : The main commercial uses of bamboo are as timber substitutes, fodder, and raw material for basket, paper and pulp, and other small-scale industries. 3.Cane : Cane or rattan are the stems of a climber plant and are used for a large number of household items. It is used to make walking sticks, polo sticks, baskets, picture frmes, screens, and mats. 4. Fruit : Fruit trees are an important source of income and food for the rural household. Mango, coconut, orange, pear, jackfruit and many others grow wild in the forest. 5. Medicinal use : Man is dependent on the forest for herbs and plants to fight against disease. Of all the medicinal trees found in india, the neem is the most important. Leaves, bark, and other

2 parts of many other trees also have medicinal value and are used to make various ayurvedic medicines. 6.Fibre : Plant fibre has many different uses. Soft fibres such as jute are derived from the stems of the plant. Hard fibre from the leaves of hemp and sisal are used to make fabrics for various applications. Coir, another form of fibre from the fruit of the coconut, is used to make ropes. 7. Essential oils : Tropical grasses such as lemon grass, citronella, and khus are the source of essential oils. Oil is distilled from the wood of various species such as sandalwood, agar, and pine. Oil is also derived from the leaves of certain plants and trees such as eucalyptus, camphor, wintergreen, and pine. These oils are used for making soaps, cosmetics, incense, pharmaceuticals, and confectionery. Types of Forests Forests come in all shapes and sizes. The many different types of forest are generally classified according to location and climate. Tropical Rainforests : Tropical rainforests are found near the equator. They are vital storehouses of biodiversity on the planet, and yet face severe threat today, with much of their original extent depleted. Mediterranean forests : These forest are found to the south of the temperate regions around the coasts of the Mediterranean, California, Chile and Western Australia. The growing season is short and almost all trees are evergreen, but mixed hardwood and softwood. Temperate Forests : Found in such places as eastern North America, northeastern Asia, and western and eastern Europe, temperate forests are a mix of deciduous and coniferous evergreen trees. Usually, the broad- leaved hardwood trees shed leaves annually. There are well- defined seasons with a distinct winter and sufficient rainfall. Coniferous forests : Coniferous forests inhabit the cold, windy regions around the poles. There are both hardwood and conifers found in this region. The conifers are evergreen and structurally adapted to withstand the long drought- like condition of the long winters, whereas the hardwoods are deciduous. Montane Forests : These are also known as cloud forests because they receive most of their precipitation from the mist or fog that comes up from the lowlands. Some of the montane woodlands and grasslands are found in high elevation tropical, subtropical and temperate zones. Plants and animals in these forests are adapted to withstanding the cold, wet conditions and intense sunlight. Trees are mainly conifers.

3 ANNUAL REPORT OF MINISTRY OF FOREST AND ENVIRONMENT The ministry of Environment & Forest is the nodal agency in the Central Government for Planning Coordination and Over seeing Environment ecological, forestry and wildlife policies and programmes. Its main activity include Conservation & Survey of Natural resources including Flora, Fauna, forests, wildlife, aquatic bodies and water resources and eco system, prevention and control of pollution and management of hazardous substance field. Natural Resources Survey & Exploration Survey of Flora Survey & exploration activities towards collection, preservation, identification resulted in the discovery of 28 species to Science,39 species to India and122 new distributant records for different states Survey of Fauna The Zoological Survey of India was established in 1 st July 1916 at Kolkata. Progress /Achievements-: (a) Identification of 1100 species was completed. (b) Fauna of important ecosystem were studied and determined. c) Forest Survey of India (FSI) :- Major activities of FSI are Forest and tree cover assessment an estimation of growing stock of wood within and outside the country. 12 cycles of forest cover assessment have been completed. SCIENTIFIC FACTS ABOUT FOREST 1. The world s forest fulfill many roles such as providing renewable raw materials and energy maintaining biodiversity and protecting land and water resource. 2. About 30% of global total land area is covered by forests but deforestation led to forest over decrease world wide by 0.22% per year in the period and 0.18% per year between 2000 and 2005.

4 3. Forest influence climate change mostly by affecting the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Forest can absorb and store carbon they are considered as CARBON SINK I Fill in the Blanks Exercise 1. Tree forests cover % of earth s surface. 2. species of tree are commercially exploited for timber. 3. Montane forests are also known as. 4. forests are found to the south of temperate regions of California. 5. Tropical rainforests are found near. 6. The Zoological survey of India established in at 7. Forests are also considered as sinks II Answer the following questions: Q1. What is forest? What is a typical tree forest composed of? Ans. Q2. Name different types of forest according to location and climate. Ans.

5 Q3. Which forest are found near the poles?give their characteristic. Ans. Q4. Which is the nodal agency in the central government for survey of forest and wildlife? Ans. Q5. What are the major activities of Forest Survey of India? Ans. Q6. How deforestation has affected the total land area covered by forest? Ans. AFFORESTATION AND ITS ADVANTAGES Afforestation- Planting of trees in a methodical and planned manner and using them wisely. To minimize the effect of reckless deforestation can be termed as Afforestation. Advantages 1) It increases the greenery. 2) It reduces desertification. 3) It brings rain in proper time. 4) It reduces the pollution level. 5) It minimizes the effect of drought and global warming. 6) It helps the factories to have a proper use of plant items without leaving a bad effect in the society and environment.

6 STEPS/WAYS TO CONSERVE FOREST 1) Indiscriminate deforestation should be prohibited. 2) Wastage of timber and fuel to be avoided. 3) Alternative sources of energy such as biogas should be used to supplement fuel wood. 4) Forest fires should be prevented. 5) Pests and diseases of the forest trees should be controlled chemically and biologically. 6) Grazing of cattle in forests should be discouraged. 7) Indiscriminate cutting of trees should be prohibited. 8) Reforestation of the deforestation should be undertaken. 9) Large afforestation should be done in areas unfit for agriculture. 10) Operations called improved cutting and selective cutting should be adopted in forest management.

RENEWABLE & NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Lecture 7 NATURAL RESOURCES: RENEWABLE & NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES Introduction & Forest Resources By Prof. S. P. Bajpai 2 Natural Resources Natural resources are the componenets of the atmosphere, hydrosphere,