GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015 COUNTRY REPORT. Timor-Leste

Transcription

1 GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015 COUNTRY REPORT Timor-Leste Rome, 2014

2 FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world s forests and their management and uses through the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA). This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 (FRA 2015). The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015 ( These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report.

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Report preparation and contact persons What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time? What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time? What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed? What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time? How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem services? How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversity and how has it changed over time? What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species? How much forest area is damaged each year? What is the forest area with reduced canopy cover? What forest policy and regulatory framework exists to support implementation of sustainable forest management SFM? Is there a national platform that promotes stakeholder participation in forest policy development? What is the forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use and how has it changed over time? How does your country measure and report progress towards SFM at the national level? What is the area of forest under a forest management plan and how is this monitored? How are stakeholders involved in the management decision making for publicly owned forests? What is the area of forest under an independently verified forest certification scheme? How much money do governments collect from and spend on forests? Who owns and manages the forests and how has this changed? How many people are directly employed in forestry? What is the contribution of forestry to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? What is forest area likely to be in the future

4 Report preparation and contact persons Contact persons The present report was prepared by the following person(s) Name (FAMILY NAME, first name) Institution/address Tables DESK STUDY Introductory Text Place an introductory text on the content of this report No report has been received from the country. This report is the result of a desk study prepared by the FRA secretariat in Rome, which is based on the existing available information using the established format for FRA 2015/CFRQ format The independent Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste was established in May Prior to this Timor-Leste was under the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor\ (UNTAET, October 1999-May 2002) and under the administration of the Republic of Indonesia (1975 to 1999) and Portugal (16 th century-1975). The violent historical and political events associated with the establishment of independence resulted in the total destruction of the majority of infrastructure, the administration and associated resources within Timor- Leste. Thus, much historical information and data of the state of the forests was destroyed and is no longer reliably or consistently available. Further, the current state of the forests of Timor-Leste is also unknown as there has been no recent national forest resource inventory and the establishment of forestry data collection process in Timor Leste is still in its development stage. Various forest data have been collected by various groups since 2000 but the overall value of this data is limited due to the ad hoc nature of its collection (e.g. lack of coordination and collaboration). The Government groups responsible for forest data collection are now established. Within the State Secretary for Agriculture and Arboriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, there are two areas responsible for the collection of agriculture and forest data. These are the Agriculture and Land-use Geographic Information System (ALGIS) Unit, under the National Directorate of Policy Formulation and Planning directly under the Minister for MAF; and the National Directorate of Forestry (NDF). ALGIS is establishing a spatial information database for the storage and management of spatial data, the production of maps etc. Within NDF various Divisions (principally the Forest Inventory, Policy and Planning Unit, FIPPU) collect technical field data. To date there is no established consistent methodology for data collection, no validation process and no information database for non-spatial data storage and management. 4

5 Preparation of a national inventory of forest resources is a major priority under the National Directorate of Forestry Sector Investment Program (SIP) in which the priorities for funding are outlined by the government of RDTL for donor investment. Activities undertaken to date by the ALGIS and NDF FIPP Units include the preparation of a national land-use map, survey of sandalwood resources in specific areas and a compilation of data collected from various sources. To date, there are no consistent and agreed land and vegetation classification systems in Timor-Leste. Terminologies in use are inconsistent and often borrowed from other sources. This limits the ability to accurately fulfill reporting requirements for the FRA. The data from JICA 2002 (i.e. Indonesia 1997 data) is inconsistent with sheet of Luas Penyebaran. It is not clear how they extrapolated their figures from JICA report. Desk Study? Check "yes" if this survey is a Desk Study, "no" otherwise Desk Study? yes 5

6 1. What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 1.1 Categories and definitions Forest Other wooded land Other land...of which with tree cover (sub-category) Inland water bodies Forest expansion...of which afforestation (sub-category)...of which natural expansion of forest (subcategory) Deforestation...of which human induced (sub-category) Reforestation...of which artificial reforestation (subcategory) Definition Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Land not classified as "Forest" spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds ; or with a combined cover of shrubs bushes and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. All land that is not classified as "Forest" or "Other wooded land". Land considered as "Other land", that is predominantly agricultural or urban lands use and has patches of tree cover that span more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. It includes bothe forest and non-forest tree species. Inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs. Expansion of forest on land that, until then, was not defined as forest. Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was not defined as forest. Expansion of forests through natural succession on land that, until then, was under another land use (e.g. forest succession on land previously used for agriculture). The conversion of forest to other land use or the longterm reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold. Human induced conversion of forest to other land use or the permanent reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold. Natural regeneration or re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use. Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use. 1.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments 1 National Forest Inventory Extent

7 2 Rapid Rural Land Use Assessment and Model For Land Use Classification and Mapping. Agricultural Land Use and Geographical Information System unit. Timor-Leste. 3 Bouma, George and Halina Kobryn Assessing Vegetation Change in East Timor using Landsat Thematic Mapper Data. Murdoch University, School of Environmental Science. 4 Ongoing National Forest Inventory Extent 2001 Extent 2002 Extent Forestry Annual Report Extent 2007 Data compiled from Reforestation and production Divisions Classification and definitions National class Definition < 1000m asl" /> Lowland forest < 1000m asl Moist lowland forest dense; Moist lowland forest sparse; Dry lowland forest - mainly one species; Dry lowland-mixed composition Highland forest m asl 2000m asl" /> Montane forest > 2000m asl Wetland forest Dry lowland forest - mixed composition Moist mixed forest Single species forest Swamp forest Palm forest Coastal forests Mangrove forest; Dune forests - mixed species; Coastal forest - single species Man-made Forest Forests Lowland Forests Teak; Other commercial plantings; Woodlots The Algis study defines the following: The land, where tree and shrubs are dominant woody vegetation with more than 30 percent tree canopy cover... The Lowland Forest is found below about 1000m asl. The class includes two subclasses which are moist lowland forest which is moist and dense or lowland forest which is moist and sparse. It also includes dry lowland forest either single species or mixed composition... 7

8 Highland Forests Montane forests Wetland Forests Coastal forests Manmade Forests The Highland forests are found between m asl. Identification is possible for highland forest areas based on contour data but it is more difficult to distinguish between moist mixed and single species forest given the resolution factor of 25m available from the image. The Montane forests are found at levels of greater than 2000m asl. The Wetland forests are identified with drainage and slope. Normally flat poorly drained lowland areas or basin type features will contain wetland vegetation and/or related land uses The Coastal forests includes three subclasses Mangrove forest (ii) Dune forest and (ii) Coastal forest (single species) The Manmade forest have been classified into (i) Teak forest, (ii) other Commercial plantings and (iii) Woodlots. In Timor Lorosa e, these plantings cover such small areas. Teak has been planted along roadways (up to 100 metres on either side) to the southwest of Viqueque as well as in many other areas primarily in logged out areas Original data Forest area a. For 2000 Land Use Coastal Forest 19,709 Class Hectares Coastal Forest-Mangroves 1,802 High land Forest-Moist Mixed 65,103 High Land Forest-Single Species 2,356 Dry Lowland Forest-Single Species 135,720 Moist Lowland Forest-Sparse 174,992 Moist Lowland Forest-Dense 261,694 Dry Lowland Forest-Mixed 189,080 Montane Forest 2,611 Wetland Forest-Swamp 269 Man Made Forest 918 8

9 Estate Crops 68,074 Smallholder-State Crops 6,504 Lake 5,080 Cities and Large Towns 13,346 Villages and Mix Garden 6,588 Dry Land Arable-Food Crops 284,300 Wet Land Arable 45,856 Shifting Cultivation Areas 6,244 Grass Land 107,090 Savanna 93,378 Bare land 2,279 Shrubs, Grasses, and Reeds 405 Total land Area 1,493,399 The following table summarises the above information in FRA 2005 categories FRA Area in 000 ha 2000 Forest 854 Other land 634 Inland water bodies 5 Total 1493 b. Change in Forest Cover 9

10 Bouma and Kobryn (2002) provide an estimate of change in forest cover between 1989 and National Dense Forest Forest Plantation Forest/Coffee Woodland Woodland (poor) Heath/shrub Total The following table summarizes it in FRA categories Area in 000 ha Annual Change (000 ha) Forest Other Land Total Forest expansion, deforestation, reforestation See the reporting table below. 1.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Forest area 10

11 There are small differences in area figures from the national statistics and FAOSTAT with respect to total country area and the area of inland water bodies. This report has calibrated the area through remainder area method i.e. by adjusting all the differences in the area of Other land Estimation and forecasting Forest area The estimates for 1989 and 1999 do not cover the entire country and differ substantially from the estimate for 2000 from ALGIS study, so it is not possible to compare these. The results of the ALGIS study, which covered the whole country, have been used for reference year The estimates for 1990 and forecast for 2005, 2010 AND 2015 area of forests have been made by using the change rate ( /ha/year) between 1989 and 1999 indicated by Bouma and Kobryn. FRACategories Area in 000 ha forest Other Wooded lands Other land Inland water bodies Total Reclassification Forest area Land Use FRA

12 Coastal Forest Coastal Forest-Mangroves High land Forest-Moist Mixed High Land Forest-Single Species Dry Lowland Forest-Single Species Moist Lowland Forest-Sparse Moist Lowland Forest-Dense Dry Lowland Forest-Mixed Montane Forest Wetland Forest-Swamp Man Made Forest Estate Crops Smallholder-State Crops Lake Cities and Large Towns Villages and Mix Garden Dry Land Arable-Food Crops Wet Land Arable Shifting Cultivation Areas Grass Land Savanna Bare land Shrubs, Grasses, and Reeds Forests Forests Forests Forests Forests Forests Forests Forests Forests Forests Forests Other lands Other lands Inland Water Bodies Other lands Other lands Other lands Other lands Other lands Other lands Other lands Other lands Other lands Algis 2000 National FRA

13 Dense Forest Forest Plantation Forest/Coffee Woodland Woodland (poor) Heath/shrub Forest Forest Forest Other land Forest Other land Other land Bouma and Kobryn (2002) 1.4 Data Table 1a Categories Area (000 hectares) Forest Other wooded land Other land of which with tree cover Inland water bodies TOTAL Table 1b Categories Annual forest establishment / loss (000 hectares per year)...of which of introduced species (000 hectares per year) Forest expansion... of which afforestation of which natural expansion of forest Deforestation... of which human induced 13

14 Reforestation of which artificial Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Forest Tier 1 Tier 1 Other wooded land Tier 1 Tier 1 Forest expansion Tier 1 Tier 1 Deforestation Reforestation Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Forest Other wooded land Afforestation Reforestation Natural expansion of forest Deforestation Tier 3 : Data sources: Either recent (less than 10 years ago) National Forest Inventory or remote sensing, with ground truthing, or programme for repeated compatible NFIs Tier 2 : Data sources: Full cover mapping / remote sensing or old NFI (more than 10 years ago) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 1.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Forest Forest and non forest are identified or mapped from Landsat imagery using visual interpretation. Other wooded land There is a lack of reliable data on the other wooded lands which have been included under other land. Other land All non forested areas are classified as "Other land". Shrub and bushes which may still have small trees will belong to "Other land". Other land with tree cover Inland water bodies Forest expansion Deforestation Comments on the reported trends As the estimated change is based on a partial study, the annual loss of forest may be underestimated. 14

15 Reforestation Other general comments to the table Government of Timor-Leste has established center for nursery with the capacity of 400,000 seedlings per annum. Timor-Leste needs assistance to measure Natural expansion of forest. 15

16 2. What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 2.1 Categories and definitions Term Naturally regenerated forest Naturalized introduced species Introduced species Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest...of which of introduced species (sub-category)...of which naturalized (sub-sub category) Planted forest...of which of introduced species (sub-category) Mangroves...of which planted (subcategory) Definition Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration. Other naturally regenerated forest where the tree species are predominantly non-native and do not need human help to reproduce/maintain populations over time. A species, subspecies or lower taxon occurring outside its natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans). Definition Naturally regenerated forest of native species where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed. Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities. Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of introduced species. Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of naturalized introduced species. Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding. Planted forest where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of introduced species. Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation. Mangroves predominantly composed of trees established through planting. 2.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information 1 The study on integrated Agricultural Development in East Timor by JICA Variables Years Additional comments Designation

17 2 Bouma,George and Halina Kobrya.2002 Assessing Vegetation Change in East Timor using Land sat Thematic Map per Data. Murdoch University, School of Environmental Science. Technical report No.01/02.March FAO.2007.Mangroves of Asia. FRA Working paper Change in land use 1989 and 1999 Mangroves estimates Secondary source Classification and definitions National class Definition Original data Bouma and Kobryn (2002) indicate that percentage of plantation in forest areas in 1989 and 1999 is about 3 and 5 percent respectively. The FAO Study on Mangroves cites the following sources for deriving estimates on mangroves for 1990, 2000 and ) MacKinnon, J.; Beudels R.C, Robinson A.H National conservation plan for Indonesia. V. 4: Nusa Tenggara. FAO-FO-- INS /78/061 Field report 45 (Secondary reference, no primary source provided) This source reports 4000 ha of mangroves for the year ) GOTL Rapid Rural Land Use Assessment and Model For Land Use Classification and Mapping. Agricultural Land Use and Geographical Information System unit. Timor-Leste. X Cited in: FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment Timor-Leste. By da Silva, M. FRA 2005 Country Report No Unpublished. This source reports ha of mangroves for the year

18 2.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting It is assumed that there are no primary forests. For plantations, the percentage for 1989 is being assumed for 1990 and that of 1999 for The figure for 2000 is being assumed for 2005 and It leads to following estimated areas of plantations. Area in 000 ha Plantation All forest areas excluding plantations are being assumed to be other naturally regenerated forests Reclassification 2.4 Data Table 2a Categories Forest area (000 hectares) Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest... of which of introduced species of which naturalized 18

19 Planted forest of which of introduced species TOTAL Table 2b Other natural regeneration Primary forest converted to (000 ha) Planted Other land Other natural regeneration Planted Other land Other natural regeneration Planted Other land Table 2c Categories Area (000 hectares) Mangroves (forest and OWL) of which planted Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Primary forest Tier 1 Tier 1 Other naturally regenerated forest Tier 1 Tier 1 Planted forest Tier 1 Tier 1 Mangroves Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier Criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Primary forest/other naturally regenerated forest/planted forest Tier 3 : Data sources: Recent (less than 10 years) National Forest Inventory or remote sensing with ground truthing or data provided by official agencies or programme for repeated compatible NFIs Tier 2 : Data sources: Full cover mapping/ remote sensing or old NFI (more than 10 years) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 2.5 Comments 19

20 Comments related to data definitions etc Primary forest Comments on reported trend Other naturally regenerating forest Planted forest Mangroves Same estimated figures have been used for 2010 AND 2015 due to lack of data Other general comments to the table 20

21 3. What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 3.1 Categories and definitions Growing stock Net Annual Increment (NAI) Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Dead wood Carbon in above-ground biomass Carbon in below-ground biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter Soil carbon Definition Volume over bark of all living trees with a minimum diameter of 10 cm at breast height (or above buttress if these are higher). Includes the stem from ground level up to a top diameter of 0 cm, excluding branches. Average annual volume of gross increment over the given reference period less that of natural losses on all trees, measured to minimum diameters as defined for "Growing stock". All living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage. All biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. All non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter either standing lying on the ground or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface dead roots and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country. Carbon in all living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage. Carbon in all biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. Carbon in all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground, or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country. Carbon in all non-living biomass with a diameter less than the minimum diameter for dead wood (e.g. 10 cm ) lying dead in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil. Organic carbon in mineral and organic soils (including peat) to a soil depth of 30 cm. 3.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments

22 3.2.2 Classification and definitions National class Definition Original data 3.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting Reclassification 3.4 Data Table 3a Growing stock volume (million m 3 over bark) Forest Other wooded land Total growing stock... of which coniferous... of which broadleaved Table 3b 22

23 /Species name Growing stock in forest (million cubic meters) Rank Scientific name Common name st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th Remaining TOTAL THE PRE-FILLED VALUES FOR GROWING STOCK REFER TO THE FOLLOWING THRESHOLD VALUES (SEE TABLE BELOW) Item Value Complementary information Minimum diameter (cm) at breast height of trees included in growing stock (X) Minimum diameter (cm) at the top end of stem for calculation of growing stock (Y) Minimum diameter (cm) of branches included in growing stock (W) Volume refers to above ground (AG) or above stump (AS) PLEASE NOTE THAT THE DEFINITION OF GROWING STOCK HAS CHANGED AND SHOULD BE REPORTED AS GROWING STOCK DBH 10 CM INCLUDING THE STEM FROM GROUND LEVEL UP TO A DIAMETER OF 0 CM, EXCLUDING BRANCHES. Table 3c Net annual increment (m 3 per hectare and year) Forest 23

24 Net annual increment... of which coniferous... of which broadleaved Table 3d Biomass (million metric tonnes oven-dry weight) Forest Other wooded land Above ground biomass Below ground biomass Dead wood TOTAL Table 3e Carbon (Million metric tonnes) Forest Other wooded land Carbon in above ground biomass Carbon in below ground biomass Subtotal Living biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter 24

25 Subtotal Dead wood and litter Soil carbon TOTAL Tiers Variable/category Tier for status Tier for trend Total growing stock Net annual increment Above ground biomass Below ground biomass Dead wood Carbon in above-ground biomass Carbon in below ground biomass Carbon in dead wood and litter Soil carbon Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Total growing stock Net annual increment Tier 3: Data sources Recent 10 years National Forest Inventory or remote sensing with ground truthing or programme for repeated compatible NFI 10 years Domestic volume functions Tier 2: Data sources/registers and statistics modelling or old NFI 10 years or partial field inventory Tier 1: Other data sources Tier 3: Scientifically tested national volume and growth functions Tier 2: Selection of volume and growth functions as relevant as possible Tier 1: Other Tier 3: Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Domestic growth functions Tier 2: Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 tier for status Tier 1: Other Tier 3: Confirmation/adjustment of functions used through scientific work Tier 2: Review work done to seek alternative functions Tier: 1 Other 25

26 Biomass Carbon in above ground biomass Carbon in below ground biomass Carbon in dead wood and litter Soil carbon Tier 3: Country-specific national or subnational biomass conversion expansion factors applied or other domestic or otherwise nationally relevant biomass studies Tier 2: Application of country specific national or sub-national biomass conversion factors from other country with similar climatic conditions and forest types Tier 1: International/regional default biomass expansion factors applied Tier 3: Country-specific national or subnational biomass conversion expansion factors applied Tier 2: Application of country specific national or subnational biomass conversion factors form from other country with similar climatic conditions and forest types Tier 1: International/regional default biomass expansion factors applied Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 3.5 Comments on growing stock biomass and carbon Comments related to data definitions etc Total growing stock Growing stock of broadleaved coniferous Growing stock composition Net annual increment Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Dead wood Carbon in above-ground biomass Carbon in below-ground biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter Soil carbon Comments on the reported trend Other general comments to the table 26

27 4. What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 4.1 Categories and definitions Term Primary designated function Non wood forest product (NWFP) Commercial value of NWFP Production forest Multiple use forest Total wood removals...of which woodfuel Definition The primary function or management objective assigned to a management unit either by legal prescription documented decision of the landowner/manager or evidence provided by documented studies of forest management practices and customary use. Goods derived from forests that are tangible and physical objects of biological origin other than wood. For the purpose of this table, value is defined as the commercial market value at the forest gate. Definition Forest area designated primarily for production of wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non-wood forest products. Forest area designated for more than one purpose and where none of these alone is considered as the predominant designated function. The total of industrial round wood removals and woodfuel removals. The wood removed for energy production purposes, regardless whether for industrial, commercial or domestic use. 4.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information 1 The study on Integrated Agricultural Development in East Timor by JICA 2 Bouma, George and Halina Kobrya Assessing Vegetation Change in East Timor using Landsat Thematic Mapper Data. Murdoch University, School of Environmental Science. Technical Report No.01/02.March Variables Years Additional comments Designation 2002 Change in Land use 1989 and

28 4.2.2 Classification and definitions National class Definition Production Forest Limited Production Forest Converted Forest Forest Protection Conservation of Forest Protected Natural Areas Watershed Industrial Tree Plantation Production Forest Limited use, steep slopes, selective harvesting Production forest, harvested and now converted to other function (e.g. Livestock grazing) Steep, harvesting not allowed Conservation of biodiversity Currently, there are no land or vegetation classification systems. The current generally recognized forest uses are Protected Natural Areas, Watershed and Industrial Tree Plantation categories: UNTAET Regulation 2000/19 on Protected Places declares 15 Protected Wild Areas (commonly known as Protected Natural Areas, PNAs). They cover an area of (000 ha) and provides protection to a range of threatened species. Sites were selected on preliminary information on the basis of ecological, historical, cultural and religious significance. Watershed areas are identified based on topographic conditions. Identified based on species composition Original data A and before Area (in 000 ha) Percentage National classification Production forests Limited Production Converted Production Forests Forest Protection Conservation Forests

29 Total B and after National classification 2005 Protected Areas (`15 No.) 187 Area (in 000 ha) 4.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting The percentage of production and protection areas as of 1997 is assumed the same for 1990, 2000, 2005 and The percentage of conservation areas to the total forest area in 1997 has been used to estimate area under conservation in This area has been kept constant for The figure of actual area under Protected Area Network (PAN) in 2005 has been used for 2005 and All remaining areas have been apportioned to the protection function Reclassification 4.4 Data Table 4a Categories Forest area (000 hectares) Production forest

30 Multiple use forest Table 4b Rank Name of product Key species Commercial value of NWFP removals 2010 (value 1000 local currency) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th TOTAL.00 NWFP category 2010 Name of local currency Plant products / raw material 1 Food 2 Fodder 3 Raw material for medicine and aromatic products 4 Raw material for colorants and dyes 5 Raw material for utensils handicrafts construction 6 Ornamental plants 7 Exudates 30

31 8 Other plant products Animal products / raw material 9 Living animals 10 Hides skins and trophies 11 Wild honey and beewax 12 Wild meat 13 Raw material for medicine 14 Raw material for colorants 15 Other edible animal products 16 Other non-edible animal products Table 4c Pre-filled data from FAOSTAT Year Total wood removals FRA 2015 category (1000 m 3 u.b.)...of which woodfuel

32 Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Production forest Tier 1 Tier 1 Multiple use forest Tier 1 Tier 1 Tier Criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Production forest Multiple use forest Tier 3: Updated including field verifications national forest maps including functions Tier 2: Forest maps older than 6 years including forest functions Tier 1: Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 4.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Production forest Multiple use forest Total wood removals Commercial value of NWFP Comments on the reported trend Other general comments to the table The lack of detailed land classification and financial resources hampers the government to designate forest areas into various uses. 32

33 5. How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem services? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 5.1 Categories and definitions Protection of soil and water...of which production of clean water (subcategory)...of which coastal stabilization (subcategory)...of which desertification control (sub-category)...of which avalanche control (sub-category)...of which erosion, flood protection or reducing flood risk (sub-category)...of which other (subcategory) Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values...of which public recreation (sub-category)...of which carbon storage or sequestration (subcategory)...of which spiritual or cultural services (subcategory)...of which other (subcategory) Definition Forest area designated or managed for protection of soil and water Forest area primarily designated or managed for water production, where most human uses are excluded or heavily modified to protect water quality. Forest area primarily designated or managed for coastal stabilization. Forest area primarily designated or managed for desertification control. Forest area primarily designated or managed to prevent the development or impact of avalanches on human life assets or infrastructure. Forest area primarily designated or managed for protecting communities or assets from the impacts of erosion riparian floods and landslides or for providing flood plain services. Forest area primarily designated or managed for other protective functions. Forest area primarily designated or managed for selected ecosystem services or cultural or spiritual values. Forest area designated or managed for public recreation. Forest area designated or managed for carbon storage or sequestration. Forest area designated or managed for spiritual or cultural services. Forest area designated or managed for other ecosystem services. 5.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information 1 The study on Integrated Agricultural Development in East Timor by JICA Variables Years Additional comments Designation

34 2 Bouma, George and Halina Kobrya Assessing Vegetation Change in East Timor using Landsat Thematic Mapper Data. Murdoch University, School of Environmental Science. Technical Report No.01/02.March Change in Land use 1989 and Classification and definitions National class Definition Forest Protection Limited Production Forest Steep, harvesting not allowed Limited use, steep slopes, selective harvesting Original data A and before Area (in 000 ha) Percentage National classification Production forests Limited Production Converted Production Forests Forest Protection Conservation Forests Total

35 B and after National classification 2005 Protected Areas (`15 No.) 187 Area (in 000 ha) 5.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting The percentage of production and protection areas as of 1997 is assumed the same for 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 and The percentage of conservation areas to the total forest area in 1997 has been used to estimate area under conservation in This area has been kept constant for The figure of actual area under Protected Area Network (PAN) in 2005 has been used for 2005 and All remaining areas have been apportioned to the protection function Reclassification 5.4 Data Table 5a Categories Protection of soil and water... of which production of clean water... of which coastal stabilization Forest area (1000 hectares)

36 ... of which desertification control... of which avalanche control... of which erosion, flood protection or reducing flood risk... of which other (please specify in comments below the table) Other Table 5b Categories Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values...of which public recreation...of which carbon storage or sequestration...of which spiritual or cultural services...of which other (please specify in comments below the table) Forest area (1000 hectares) Tiers Tier for reported trend Tier for status Protection of soil and water Tier 1 Tier 1 Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend 36

37 Protection of soil and water Cultural or spiritual values Public recreation Spiritual or cultural services Other Tier 3: High reliability data derived either from high intensity sample survey or data obtained from national or state agencies responsible for regulations or legislation relating to soil and water protection. Tier 2: Approaches based on low intensity or incomplete sample-based surveys or studies that provide data for specific areas that is extrapolated through statistical analysis to national level estimates. Tier 1: Other Tier 3: High reliability data derived either from high intensity sample survey or data obtained from national or state agencies responsible for regulations. Tier 2: Approaches based on low intensity or incomplete sample-based surveys or studies that provide data for specific areas that is extrapolated through statistical analysis to national level estimates. Tier 1: Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 5.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Protection of soil and water Production of clean water Coastal stabilization Desertification control Avalanche control Comments on the reported trend Erosion, flood protection or reducing flood risk Other protective functions Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values Public recreation Carbon storage or sequestration Spiritual or cultural services Other ecosystem services Other general comments to the table 37

38 38

39 6. How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversity and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 6.1 Categories and definitions Conservation of biodiversity Forest area within protected areas Definition Forest area designated primarily for conservation of biological diversity. Includes but is not limited to areas designated for biodiversity conservation within the protected areas. Forest area within formally established protected areas independently of the purpose for which the protected areas were established. 6.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information 1 The study on Integrated Agricultural Development in East Timor by JICA 2 Bouma, George and Halina Kobrya Assessing Vegetation Change in East Timor using Landsat Thematic Mapper Data. Murdoch University, School of Environmental Science. Technical Report No.01/02.March Variables Years Additional comments Designation 2002 Change in Land use 1989 and Classification and definitions National class Definition Conservation of Forest Conservation of biodiversity Currently, there are no land or vegetation classification systems. The current generally recognized forest uses are Protected Natural Areas, Watershed and Industrial Tree Plantation categories: 39

40 Protected Natural Areas Watershed UNTAET Regulation 2000/19 on Protected Places declares 15 Protected Wild Areas (commonly known as Protected Natural Areas, PNAs). They cover an area of (000 ha) and provides protection to a range of threatened species. Sites were selected on preliminary information on the basis of ecological, historical, cultural and religious significance. Watershed areas are identified based on topographic conditions Original data A and before Area (in 000 ha) Percentage National classification Production forests Limited Production Converted Production Forests Forest Protection Conservation Forests Total B and after National classification 2005 Protected Areas (`15 No.) 187 Area (in 000 ha) 6.3 Analysis and processing of national data 40

41 6.3.1 Adjustment The percentage of production and protection areas as of 1997 is assumed the same for 1990, 2000, 2005 and The percentage of conservation areas to the total forest area in 1997 has been used to estimate area under conservation in This area has been kept constant for The figure of actual area under Protected Area Network (PAN) in 2005 has been used for 2005 and All remaining areas have been apportioned to the protection function Estimation and forecasting Reclassification 6.4 Data Table 6 Categories Conservation of biodiversity Forest area within protected areas Forest area (000 hectares) Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Conservation of biodiversity Tier 1 Tier 1 Forest area within protected areas Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend 41

42 Conservation of biodiversity Forests within protected areas Tier 3: Data obtained from national or state agencies responsible for conservation and protected area or legislation relating to area protection. Tier 2: Studies that provide data for specific areas that is extrapolated through statistical analysis to national level estimates Tier 1 Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 6.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Conservation of biodiversity Forest area within protected areas Comments on the reported trend Other general comments to the table 42

43 7. What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 7.1 Categories and definitions Invasive species Definition Species that are non-native to a particular ecosystem and whose introduction and spread cause, or are likely to cause, socio-cultural, economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. 7.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments Classification and definitions National class Definition Original data 7.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment 43

44 7.3.2 Estimation and forecasting Reclassification 7.4 Data Table 7 Scientific name of woody invasive species Forest area affected (000 ha) Total Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Invasive species Tier Criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend 44

45 Invasive species Tier 3: Systematic assessment in forest inventory or other survey (e.g. by conservation department) within the last 5 years) Tier 2: Systematic assessment in forest inventory or other survey (e.g. by conservation department conducted more than 5 years ago) Tier 1: Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 7.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Invasive species Comments on the reported trend Other general comments to the table 45

46 8. How much forest area is damaged each year? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 8.1 Categories and definitions Definition Number of fires Burned area Outbreaks of insects Outbreaks of diseases Severe weather events Number of fires per year Area burned per year A detectable reduction in forest health caused by a sudden increase in numbers of harmful insects. A detectable reduction in forest health caused by a sudden increase in numbers of harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, phytoplasma or virus. Damage caused severe weather events, such as snow, storm, drought, etc. 8.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments Classification and definitions National class Definition Original data 46

47 8.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting Reclassification 8.4 Data Table 8a 000 ha, number of fires ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # Total land area burned... of which forest area burned Total land area burned... of which forest area burned ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # Table 8b Outbreak category Description/name Year(s) of latest outbreak Area damaged (000 hectares) Santalus Albus Tectona Grandis

48 Ptherocarpos indicus Outbreak category 1 Insects 2 Diseases 3 Severe weather events Tiers Tier for status Tier for trend Area affected by fire Insects Diseases Severe weather events Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Burned area Insects Diseases Severe weather events Tier 3 : National fire monitoring routines Tier 2 : Remote sensing surveys Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Systematic survey (e.g. via inventory or aerial damage assessment) Tier 2 : Management records Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 8.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Comments on the reported trend 48