GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015 COUNTRY REPORT. Norway

Transcription

1 GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015 COUNTRY REPORT Norway Rome, 2014

2 FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world s forests and their management and uses through the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA). This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 (FRA 2015). The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015 ( These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report.

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Report preparation and contact persons What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time? What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time? What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed? What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time? How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem services? How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversity and how has it changed over time? What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species? How much forest area is damaged each year? What is the forest area with reduced canopy cover? What forest policy and regulatory framework exists to support implementation of sustainable forest management SFM? Is there a national platform that promotes stakeholder participation in forest policy development? What is the forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use and how has it changed over time? How does your country measure and report progress towards SFM at the national level? What is the area of forest under a forest management plan and how is this monitored? How are stakeholders involved in the management decision making for publicly owned forests? What is the area of forest under an independently verified forest certification scheme? How much money do governments collect from and spend on forests? Who owns and manages the forests and how has this changed? How many people are directly employed in forestry? What is the contribution of forestry to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? What is forest area likely to be in the future

4 Report preparation and contact persons Contact persons The present report was prepared by the following person(s) Name (FAMILY NAME, first name) Institution/address Tables TOMTER, Stein Michael Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, P.O. Box 115, N-1431 Ås, NORWAY STEINSET, Trond Amund Statistics Norway, N-2225 Kongsvinger, NORWAY TROLLSTØL, Silje Ministry of Agriculture and Food, P.O. Box 8007 Dep., N-0030 Oslo, NORWAY Introductory Text Place an introductory text on the content of this report Desk Study? Check "yes" if this survey is a Desk Study, "no" otherwise Desk Study? no 4

5 1. What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 1.1 Categories and definitions Forest Other wooded land Other land...of which with tree cover (sub-category) Inland water bodies Forest expansion...of which afforestation (sub-category)...of which natural expansion of forest (subcategory) Deforestation...of which human induced (sub-category) Reforestation...of which artificial reforestation (subcategory) Definition Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Land not classified as "Forest" spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds ; or with a combined cover of shrubs bushes and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. All land that is not classified as "Forest" or "Other wooded land". Land considered as "Other land", that is predominantly agricultural or urban lands use and has patches of tree cover that span more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. It includes bothe forest and non-forest tree species. Inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs. Expansion of forest on land that, until then, was not defined as forest. Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was not defined as forest. Expansion of forests through natural succession on land that, until then, was under another land use (e.g. forest succession on land previously used for agriculture). The conversion of forest to other land use or the longterm reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold. Human induced conversion of forest to other land use or the permanent reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold. Natural regeneration or re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use. Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use. 1.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments 5

6 1 Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute: The National Forest Inventory 2 Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture and Food Forest, other wooded land, deforestation 1990: ; 2000: ; 2005: ; 2010: Annual planted area 1990: Statistics Norway Annual planted area 2000: ; 2005: ; 2010: Norwegian Agricultural Authority Annual afforested area 1990: ; 2000: ; 2005: ; 2010: The NFI data permit direct calculation of data according to the FRA categories and definitions. Some regions and individual plots were not surveyed until later assessment periods. The situation on these in earlier periods have been estimated by means of photo interpretation or backcasting (extrapolation) of current data Classification and definitions National class Definition Forest Other wooded land Other land Other areas with land use forestry Other land with tree cover Inland water bodies Afforestation Reforestation Natural expansion of forest Deforestation According to FRA 2015 definition According to FRA 2015 definition According to FRA 2015 definition Will include e.g. forest roads, forest depots, landings, smaller gravel pits, etc. Has been added to forest area to comply with FRA No available data According to FRA 2015 definition According to FRA 2015 definition. According to FRA 2015 definition. According to FRA 2015 definition. According to FRA 2015 definition Original data Forest expansion, reforestation 6

7 Year Annual planted area (0.1 ha) Annual afforested area (0.1 ha) Annual planted area of introduced species (0.1 ha) Annual afforested area of introduced species (0.1 ha)

8 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Not applied Estimation and forecasting Forest area The only forecasting that has been carried out is for the year In that case a linear extrapolation has been applied. No estimation for the other reference years has been necessary, since the average year of the data collection periods are 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010, respectively. Forest expansion, reforestation Not applied Reclassification Forest area Not applied Forest expansion, reforestation Annual reforestation has been derived by subtracting the annual afforested area from the total annual planted area. For planted area of introduced species has been done correspondingly. 1.4 Data Table 1a Categories Area (000 hectares)

9 Forest Other wooded land Other land of which with tree cover Inland water bodies TOTAL Table 1b Categories Annual forest establishment / loss (000 hectares per year)...of which of introduced species (000 hectares per year) Forest expansion... of which afforestation of which natural expansion of forest Deforestation of which human induced Reforestation of which artificial Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Forest Tier 3 Tier 3 Other wooded land Tier 3 Tier 3 Forest expansion Tier 2 Tier 2 Deforestation Tier 3 Tier 3 Reforestation Tier 2 Tier 2 Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend 9

10 Forest Other wooded land Afforestation Reforestation Natural expansion of forest Deforestation Tier 3 : Data sources: Either recent (less than 10 years ago) National Forest Inventory or remote sensing, with ground truthing, or programme for repeated compatible NFIs Tier 2 : Data sources: Full cover mapping / remote sensing or old NFI (more than 10 years ago) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 1.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Forest Some regions (mountain forest and forest in Finnmark county) and individual plots were not surveyed until the later assessment periods. The situation on these in earlier periods have been estimated by means of photo interpretation or backcasting (extrapolation) of current data. These new data is also the reason that the forest area is significantly higher than in previous assessments. Comments on the reported trends Due to the backcasting of data for some plots, there may be some uncertainty in the trend of forest area from However, this is not expected to be of major importance. Other wooded land Same as for "forest". Same as for "forest". Other land Has been calculated as the difference between total country area and the other categories. Other land with tree cover No data available Inland water bodies The FAOSTAT figure is not in accordance with the latest national statistics and has been changed (notification from Norwegian Mapping Authority). Forest expansion The figure on afforestation of introduced species in 1990 is based on the average of , for total afforestation on the average of Deforestation Corresponds to area converted from forest to settlements, grassland, wetland, cropland or other land in the reporting to UNFCCC (5 year averages). Reforestation The figure on reforestation of introduced species in 1990 is based on the average of , for total reforestation on the average of Other general comments to the table The areas reported in this table do not include the islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen. The data in table 1a. have been changed compared to previous assessments. A request has been sent from the Norwegian Mapping Authority to FAOSTAT to change the inland water and land area figures, since they are not completely in accordance with official national figures. National figures have been included in table 1a. Also the concept of "introduced species" has been changed in relation to previous assessments. 10

11 2. What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 2.1 Categories and definitions Term Naturally regenerated forest Naturalized introduced species Introduced species Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest...of which of introduced species (sub-category)...of which naturalized (sub-sub category) Planted forest...of which of introduced species (sub-category) Mangroves...of which planted (subcategory) Definition Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration. Other naturally regenerated forest where the tree species are predominantly non-native and do not need human help to reproduce/maintain populations over time. A species, subspecies or lower taxon occurring outside its natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans). Definition Naturally regenerated forest of native species where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed. Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities. Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of introduced species. Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of naturalized introduced species. Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding. Planted forest where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of introduced species. Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation. Mangroves predominantly composed of trees established through planting. 2.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information 1 Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute: The National Forest Inventory 2 Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute: The National Forest Inventory Variables Years Additional comments Forest undisturbed by man. 2010: This variable has only been assessed from 2005, and the estimate based on data from has been applied for all reference years. Planted forest of introduced species 2000: : :

12 3 Questionnaire on Planted Forest: Global planted forest thematic supplement to Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (based on data from Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture and Food) Planted forest 1990, 2000, Classification and definitions National class Definition Forest undisturbed by man ( natural forest ) Equivalent to primary forest according to FRA Planted forest Planted forests of introduced species According to FRA 2015 definition. Forest trees not native to Norway Original data The NFI data permit direct queries of area of primary forest and planted forest of introduces species. Data reported for the FAO Questionnaire on Planted Forest have been corrected, in that the previously reported proportions of semi-natural forest should relate to the area of all forest. The figures on planted forest of introduced species have been updated in relation to previous assessments. 2.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Estimation and forecasting The only forecasting that has been carried out is for the year That would be corresponding to what has been applied for Question 1. In that case a linear extrapolation has been applied. No estimation for the other reference years was necessary, since the average year of the data collection periods are 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010, respectively. 12

13 2.3.3 Reclassification Not required. 2.4 Data Table 2a Categories Forest area (000 hectares) Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest... of which of introduced species of which naturalized Planted forest of which of introduced species TOTAL Table 2b Other natural regeneration Primary forest converted to (000 ha) Planted Other land Other natural regeneration Planted Other land Other natural regeneration Planted Other land Table 2c Categories Area (000 hectares) Mangroves (forest and OWL) of which planted Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend 13

14 Primary forest Tier 3 Tier 3 Other naturally regenerated forest Tier 3 Tier 3 Planted forest Tier 2 Tier 2 Mangroves Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier Criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Primary forest/other naturally regenerated forest/planted forest Tier 3 : Data sources: Recent (less than 10 years) National Forest Inventory or remote sensing with ground truthing or data provided by official agencies or programme for repeated compatible NFIs Tier 2 : Data sources: Full cover mapping/ remote sensing or old NFI (more than 10 years) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 2.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Primary forest New data are available compared to previous assessments. Other naturally regenerating forest Calculated as the difference between total forest area and primary+planted forest Planted forest The estimates are based on the accumulated annual statistics of planted forest from the 1930s to the reference years. It is likely that some of this forest will have been harvested later on. In other cases the naturally regenerated trees may dominate over the planted trees in the stand. Thus, it is likely that the area of planted forest has been overestimated. Data reported for "Questionnaire on Planted Forest" have been corrected, in that the previously reported proportions of semi-natural forest should relate to the area of all forest. The 2005 figure on planted forest of introduced species (used to indicate "plantations") has been updated in relation to previous assessments. Mangroves Comments on reported trend Other general comments to the table The data in table 2a. have been changed due to new estimates of total forest area and a new concept for assessment of introducted species. 14

15 3. What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 3.1 Categories and definitions Growing stock Net Annual Increment (NAI) Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Dead wood Carbon in above-ground biomass Carbon in below-ground biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter Soil carbon Definition Volume over bark of all living trees with a minimum diameter of 10 cm at breast height (or above buttress if these are higher). Includes the stem from ground level up to a top diameter of 0 cm, excluding branches. Average annual volume of gross increment over the given reference period less that of natural losses on all trees, measured to minimum diameters as defined for "Growing stock". All living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage. All biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. All non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter either standing lying on the ground or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface dead roots and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country. Carbon in all living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage. Carbon in all biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. Carbon in all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground, or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country. Carbon in all non-living biomass with a diameter less than the minimum diameter for dead wood (e.g. 10 cm ) lying dead in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil. Organic carbon in mineral and organic soils (including peat) to a soil depth of 30 cm. 3.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments 1 Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute: The National Forest Inventory Growing stock, growing stock composition, gross and net annual increment 1990: ; 2000: ; 2005: ; 2010: The NFI data permit direct calculation of data according to the FRA categories and definitions. Some regions and individual plots were not surveyed until the later assessment periods. The situation on these in earlier periods have been estimated by means of photo interpretation or backcasting (extrapolation) of current data. 15

16 2 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences: Marklund, L.G. 1988; Biomass functions for pine, spruce and birch in Sweden. Biomass of different components of living trees 1988 No study is yet available to indicate the quality of estimates when applied for Norwegian forests Classification and definitions National class Definition Growing stock Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Net annual increment Volume over bark of all living trees more than 0 cm in diameter at breast height. Includes living trees on all forest areas and other wooded land areas. Stem volume above stump of living trees includes bark, excludes branches. All living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage. Only the trees with a dbh of at least 5 cm are included. All living biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. Average annual volume of gross increment over the given reference period less that of natural losses on all trees with a minimum diameter at breast height of 0 cm Original data Original data on growing stock, growing stock composition, annual increment and biomass have been extracted directly from the database for the years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010, In the following has been presented data for growing stock down to 0 cm dbh. The NFI involves detailed assessment of species and diameter measurement of all trees down to 5 cm dbh, for smaller trees there is a simplified procedure with counting of trees within defined diameter intervals and assignment to the three species classes "spruce", "pine" or "broadleaved". Biomass has been calculated applying biomass functions for living trees according to Marklund (1988). Separate sets of functions have been used for spruce, pine and for broadleaved trees. The functions originally developed for birch have been applied for all broadleaved trees. The tree components: dead branches, living branches, stem under bark, bark, stumps, course roots and fine roots have been estimated, using individual functions for each component. For trees with a dbh of at least 10 cm in maturing and mature forest, and at least 5 cm in other productive forest, functions with dbh and height as explanatory variables have been used. For smaller trees, and for other forest and other wooded land, only dbh has been used as explanatory variable. 16

17 Carbon stock Forest carbon data was estimated using biomass data multiplied by the default conversion factor of Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Growing stock Not applied. Biomass and carbon stock Not applied Estimation and forecasting Growing stock, biomass and carbon stock Estimation is not needed, because data is available for current reference years. Forecasting is made for 2015, using linear extrapolation based on data from 2005 and Reclassification Not applied. 3.4 Data Table 3a Growing stock volume (million m 3 over bark) Forest Other wooded land

18 Total growing stock of which coniferous of which broadleaved Table 3b /Species name Growing stock in forest (million cubic meters) Rank Scientific name Common name st Picea abies Norway spruce nd Pinus sylvestris Scots pine rd Betula pubescens Downy birch th Populus tremula European aspen th Alnus incana Grey alder th Sorbus aucuparia European mountain ash th Salix caprea Goat willow th Quercus robur English oak th Betula pendula Silver birch th Picea sitchensis Sitka spruce Remaining TOTAL THE PRE-FILLED VALUES FOR GROWING STOCK REFER TO THE FOLLOWING THRESHOLD VALUES (SEE TABLE BELOW) Item Value Complementary information Minimum diameter (cm) at breast height of trees included in growing stock (X) Minimum diameter (cm) at the top end of stem for calculation of growing stock (Y) Minimum diameter (cm) of branches included in growing stock (W) 5 0 not included 18

19 Volume refers to above ground (AG) or above stump (AS) AS PLEASE NOTE THAT THE DEFINITION OF GROWING STOCK HAS CHANGED AND SHOULD BE REPORTED AS GROWING STOCK DBH 10 CM INCLUDING THE STEM FROM GROUND LEVEL UP TO A DIAMETER OF 0 CM, EXCLUDING BRANCHES. Table 3c Net annual increment (m 3 per hectare and year) Forest Net annual increment... of which coniferous... of which broadleaved Table 3d Biomass (million metric tonnes oven-dry weight) Forest Other wooded land Above ground biomass Below ground biomass Dead wood TOTAL Table 3e Carbon (Million metric tonnes) Forest Other wooded land Carbon in above ground biomass

20 Carbon in below ground biomass Subtotal Living biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter Subtotal Dead wood and litter Soil carbon TOTAL Tiers Variable/category Tier for status Tier for trend Total growing stock Tier 3 Tier 3 Net annual increment Tier 3 Tier 2 Above ground biomass Tier 2 Tier 2 Below ground biomass Tier 2 Tier 2 Dead wood Carbon in above-ground biomass Tier 2 Tier 2 Carbon in below ground biomass Tier 2 Tier 2 Carbon in dead wood and litter Soil carbon Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend 20

21 Total growing stock Net annual increment Biomass Carbon in above ground biomass Carbon in below ground biomass Carbon in dead wood and litter Soil carbon Tier 3: Data sources Recent 10 years National Forest Inventory or remote sensing with ground truthing or programme for repeated compatible NFI 10 years Domestic volume functions Tier 2: Data sources/registers and statistics modelling or old NFI 10 years or partial field inventory Tier 1: Other data sources Tier 3: Scientifically tested national volume and growth functions Tier 2: Selection of volume and growth functions as relevant as possible Tier 1: Other Tier 3: Country-specific national or subnational biomass conversion expansion factors applied or other domestic or otherwise nationally relevant biomass studies Tier 2: Application of country specific national or sub-national biomass conversion factors from other country with similar climatic conditions and forest types Tier 1: International/regional default biomass expansion factors applied Tier 3: Country-specific national or subnational biomass conversion expansion factors applied Tier 2: Application of country specific national or subnational biomass conversion factors form from other country with similar climatic conditions and forest types Tier 1: International/regional default biomass expansion factors applied Tier 3: Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Domestic growth functions Tier 2: Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 tier for status Tier 1: Other Tier 3: Confirmation/adjustment of functions used through scientific work Tier 2: Review work done to seek alternative functions Tier: 1 Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 3.5 Comments on growing stock biomass and carbon Comments related to data definitions etc Total growing stock Includes volume for all trees down to dbh=0cm. Volume is calculated as volume above stump. Growing stock of broadleaved coniferous Comments on the reported trend Growing stock composition For 1990, Silver birch has not been separated from Downy birch. European mountain ash, Goat willow and Sitka spruce are included in remaining species. In addition, "remaining" volume comprises volume for trees with dbh 0-5 cm and volume that has been estimated by means of extrapolation (backcasting) from later inventories. Growing stock for trees with dbh 0-5 cm cannot be assigned to detailed tree species, although it can be assigned to coniferous or broadleaved. See comments under

22 Net annual increment Includes increment for all trees down to dbh=0cm. Estimation of gross increment and natural losses are based on repeated measurements on permanent sample plots. Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Dead wood Carbon in above-ground biomass Carbon in below-ground biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter Soil carbon The result for 2010 has been used also as an estimate for Due to changes in the inventory, data by forest types have not been presented for previous reference years. Other general comments to the table Data have been changed compared to previous assessments. That is mainly due to new availability of data for regions that were previously incompletely covered. 22

23 4. What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 4.1 Categories and definitions Term Primary designated function Non wood forest product (NWFP) Commercial value of NWFP Production forest Multiple use forest Total wood removals...of which woodfuel Definition The primary function or management objective assigned to a management unit either by legal prescription documented decision of the landowner/manager or evidence provided by documented studies of forest management practices and customary use. Goods derived from forests that are tangible and physical objects of biological origin other than wood. For the purpose of this table, value is defined as the commercial market value at the forest gate. Definition Forest area designated primarily for production of wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non-wood forest products. Forest area designated for more than one purpose and where none of these alone is considered as the predominant designated function. The total of industrial round wood removals and woodfuel removals. The wood removed for energy production purposes, regardless whether for industrial, commercial or domestic use. 4.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information 1 Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute / Norwegian Environment Agency 2 Ministry of Food and Agriculture 3 Søgaard et al. 2012: Effekter av ulike miljøhensyn på tilgjengelig skogareal og volum i norske skoger. (Report from Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute 02/2012) Variables Years Additional comments Protected forest areas of various categories 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 Has been estimated by overlaying sample plots from the NFI with the delineation of protected areas at different years Area of protection forest Area of protection forest has in principle been stable over several decades. A survey was made in , but the information would be valid for all three reference years. Area of peri-urban forest Includes peri-urban forest near Oslo under specific legislation and other periurban forest owned by municipalities and with a specific management regime. 23

24 4 Statistics Norway: Hunting Statistics 5 Statistics Norway: Forestry Statistics 6 Statistics Norway: Census of Agriculture and Forestry 7 Statistics Norway: Sample Survey of Agriculture Annual game harvest There are no official statistics for other non-wood forest products than game from hunting. Information on other products is obtained from companies, sales or marketing organisations, as a basis for subjective assessments. Industrial roundwood, removals of woodfuel for sale Wood cut for own consumption or ceded on usufruct, fuelwood cut of other than owner or persons with ceded usufruct Woodfuel for own consumption, other wood cut for own consumption Classification and definitions National class Productive forest Protection forest Protected forest Forest available for wood supply Peri-urban forest Definition Forest with a minimum annual productive capacity of 1 cu.m. per ha. Forest officially declared as protective forest (near the forest line towards the mountains and near the coast). Forest in areas officially declared as nature reserve or national park Productive forest with no specific restrictions or other dominant use. Forest with a specific management regime, located close to urban areas Original data Forest available for wood supply Productive forest classified as protective Peri-urban forest Forest in national parks/nature reserves

25 Total forest Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Not applied Estimation and forecasting The only forecasting that has been carried out is for the year In that case a linear extrapolation has been applied. No estimation for the other reference years was necessary, since the average year of the data collection periods are 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010, respectively Reclassification The remaining area of productive forest available for wood supply after subtracting the categories protection forest and "peri-urban forest" has been assigned to production. Correspondingly, the area of "total forest" minus "production" minus "conservation (national parks and nature reserves)" has been assigned to "multiple use" Forest available for wood supply Productive forest classified as protective Peri-urban forest = Production

26 Total forest Production Forest in national parks/ nature reserves = Multiple use Data Table 4a Categories Forest area (000 hectares) Production forest Multiple use forest Table 4b Rank Name of product Key species Commercial value of NWFP removals 2010 (value 1000 local currency) 1 st Wild meat NWFP category 2 nd Wild berries Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Rubus idaeus, Rubus chamaemorus

27 3 rd Christmas trees Picea abies, Pinus silvestris, Abies lasiocarpa, Abies nordmanniana, Picea pungens etc. 4 th Mushrooms Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius etc. 5 th Decorative foliage Abies spp. (esp. Abies procera), Picea spp., Chamaecyparis spp th Decorative lichens Cladonia stellaris th Hides and skins Alces alces, Vulpes vulpes, Martes martes th 9 th 10 th TOTAL Name of local currency NOK Plant products / raw material 1 Food 2 Fodder 3 Raw material for medicine and aromatic products 4 Raw material for colorants and dyes 5 Raw material for utensils handicrafts construction 6 Ornamental plants 7 Exudates 8 Other plant products Animal products / raw material 9 Living animals 27

28 10 Hides skins and trophies 11 Wild honey and beewax 12 Wild meat 13 Raw material for medicine 14 Raw material for colorants 15 Other edible animal products 16 Other non-edible animal products Table 4c Pre-filled data from FAOSTAT Year Total wood removals FRA 2015 category (1000 m 3 u.b.)...of which woodfuel

29 Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Production forest Tier 3 Tier 3 Multiple use forest Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier Criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Production forest Multiple use forest Tier 3: Updated including field verifications national forest maps including functions Tier 2: Forest maps older than 6 years including forest functions Tier 1: Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 4.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Production forest There is no such official designation at the national level, but the above assumptions are expected to provide an approximation of the sought category Multiple use forest There is no such official designation at the national level, but the above assumptions are expected to provide an approximation of the sought category. Total wood removals Comments on the reported trend Commercial value of NWFP The estimated quantities are multiplied by an estimated value per kilo. Other general comments to the table The data in 4a. has been changed due to new availability of data and a changed concept. The data in 4c. have been adjusted, mainly due to estimates of self-consumption by forest owner. 29

30 5. How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem services? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 5.1 Categories and definitions Protection of soil and water...of which production of clean water (subcategory)...of which coastal stabilization (subcategory)...of which desertification control (sub-category)...of which avalanche control (sub-category)...of which erosion, flood protection or reducing flood risk (sub-category)...of which other (subcategory) Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values...of which public recreation (sub-category)...of which carbon storage or sequestration (subcategory)...of which spiritual or cultural services (subcategory)...of which other (subcategory) Definition Forest area designated or managed for protection of soil and water Forest area primarily designated or managed for water production, where most human uses are excluded or heavily modified to protect water quality. Forest area primarily designated or managed for coastal stabilization. Forest area primarily designated or managed for desertification control. Forest area primarily designated or managed to prevent the development or impact of avalanches on human life assets or infrastructure. Forest area primarily designated or managed for protecting communities or assets from the impacts of erosion riparian floods and landslides or for providing flood plain services. Forest area primarily designated or managed for other protective functions. Forest area primarily designated or managed for selected ecosystem services or cultural or spiritual values. Forest area designated or managed for public recreation. Forest area designated or managed for carbon storage or sequestration. Forest area designated or managed for spiritual or cultural services. Forest area designated or managed for other ecosystem services. 5.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments 30

31 1 Ministry of Agriculture and Food: Note on the area of protection forest Area of protection forest An estimate of the area of protection forest forest was prepared in and has not been updated. A slight correction has been made for the northernmost counties (where all forest is considered protection forest), based on recent NFI Classification and definitions National class Definition Protection forest See 5.5 Comments Original data Not relevant, as there is no adjustment or recalculation. 5.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Not applied Estimation and forecasting Not applied 31

32 5.3.3 Reclassification Not applied. 5.4 Data Table 5a Categories Protection of soil and water... of which production of clean water... of which coastal stabilization... of which desertification control... of which avalanche control... of which erosion, flood protection or reducing flood risk... of which other (please specify in comments below the table) Forest area (1000 hectares) Other Table 5b Categories Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values...of which public recreation Forest area (1000 hectares)

33 ...of which carbon storage or sequestration...of which spiritual or cultural services...of which other (please specify in comments below the table) Tiers Tier for reported trend Tier for status Protection of soil and water Tier 1 Tier 2 Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Protection of soil and water Cultural or spiritual values Public recreation Spiritual or cultural services Other Tier 3: High reliability data derived either from high intensity sample survey or data obtained from national or state agencies responsible for regulations or legislation relating to soil and water protection. Tier 2: Approaches based on low intensity or incomplete sample-based surveys or studies that provide data for specific areas that is extrapolated through statistical analysis to national level estimates. Tier 1: Other Tier 3: High reliability data derived either from high intensity sample survey or data obtained from national or state agencies responsible for regulations. Tier 2: Approaches based on low intensity or incomplete sample-based surveys or studies that provide data for specific areas that is extrapolated through statistical analysis to national level estimates. Tier 1: Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 5.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Comments on the reported trend 33

34 Protection of soil and water There is only one national category of protection forest, having multiple objectives. These are e.g. protection against landslide and erosion, protection of other forests, agricultural land or settlements. Important is protection of the forest itself at climatically exposed positions, as at high elevation, close to the sea or far north. It is not possible to break this area down to various sub-categories. There are no data to indicate any specific trend, however, this area is not likely to have changed significantly over the reporting period. Production of clean water Coastal stabilization Desertification control Avalanche control Erosion, flood protection or reducing flood risk Other protective functions Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual values Public recreation Carbon storage or sequestration Spiritual or cultural services Other ecosystem services Other general comments to the table 34

35 6. How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversity and how has it changed over time? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 6.1 Categories and definitions Conservation of biodiversity Forest area within protected areas Definition Forest area designated primarily for conservation of biological diversity. Includes but is not limited to areas designated for biodiversity conservation within the protected areas. Forest area within formally established protected areas independently of the purpose for which the protected areas were established. 6.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments 1 Norwegian Environment Agency 2 Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute: The National Forest Inventory Database of protected forest areas 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 NFI database Data have been derived by combining the NFI database with the database of protected forest areas Classification and definitions National class Conservation of biodiversity Definition Productive and non-productive forest officially declared as protected area (nature reserve, national park) Original data See

36 6.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment Not applied Estimation and forecasting A linear extrapolation has been applied for Reclassification Not applied. 6.4 Data Table 6 Categories Conservation of biodiversity Forest area within protected areas Forest area (000 hectares) Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Conservation of biodiversity Tier 3 Tier 3 Forest area within protected areas Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend Conservation of biodiversity Forests within protected areas Tier 3: Data obtained from national or state agencies responsible for conservation and protected area or legislation relating to area protection. Tier 2: Studies that provide data for specific areas that is extrapolated through statistical analysis to national level estimates Tier 1 Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 6.5 Comments 36

37 Comments related to data definitions etc Conservation of biodiversity Forest area within nature reserves and national parks. Relevant could also be an additional ha of key habitats (2010) designated for conservation during forest management planning. These designations have been gradually introduced since 2001, but data are not available for other reference years. Forest area within protected areas Forest area within nature reserves and national parks Comments on the reported trend Other general comments to the table New data have become available compared to previous assessments. 37

38 7. What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species? Documents for this question: Guide for country reporting FRA 2015 FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions 7.1 Categories and definitions Invasive species Definition Species that are non-native to a particular ecosystem and whose introduction and spread cause, or are likely to cause, socio-cultural, economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. 7.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Variables Years Additional comments Classification and definitions National class Definition Original data 7.3 Analysis and processing of national data Adjustment 38

39 7.3.2 Estimation and forecasting Reclassification 7.4 Data Table 7 Scientific name of woody invasive species Forest area affected (000 ha) Total 0 0 Tiers Tier for status Tier for reported trend Invasive species Tier 3 Tier 3 Tier Criteria Tier for status Tier for reported trend 39

40 Invasive species Tier 3: Systematic assessment in forest inventory or other survey (e.g. by conservation department) within the last 5 years) Tier 2: Systematic assessment in forest inventory or other survey (e.g. by conservation department conducted more than 5 years ago) Tier 1: Other Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 : Estimate based on repeated compatible tier 2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for status) Tier 1 : Other 7.5 Comments Comments related to data definitions etc Invasive species No woody species considered invasive. Comments on the reported trend Other general comments to the table 40