Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne

Transcription

1 Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne

2 Warmup Which group of people followed a code of chivalry? If you don t know, ask your neighbor

3 Medieval Europe Middle Ages (also called The Dark Ages) AD Fall of Roman Empire=Western Europe enters into a period of chaos and disorder

4 Barbaric (Germanic) Invasions Results 1. Decline in trade and industry 2. Decline in learning and culture

5 Barbaric (Germanic) Invasions 3. Population shifts Urban rural 4. Loss of a common language In the 800 s AD French & Spanish emerged as independent languages Results

6 Barbaric (Germanic) Invasions Results 5.Decline in strong central government lacked: manpower, bridges, roads, armies, money

7 Merovingian Kingdom The Merovingians ruled the Franks (the French) for 300 years They set up a series of dynasties The most famous Merovingian was King Clovis who united all of Gaul (modern day France) King Clovis

8 Frankish Kingdom Created by King Clovis, AD Converted to Christianity after winning a battle Had his men baptized Supported by the Pope Significant because it spread Christianity throughout the Germanic empire

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10 Series of civil wars Ruled by weak kings for 2 centuries Clovis relatives - incompetent After Clovis

11 Charles the Hammer Martel Charles Martel Mayor of the Palace (rules for King) Defeated the Spanish Moors (Burgundian) 732 AD at the Battle of Tours

12 Charles Martel Battle of Tours- Stopped Muslim expansion into Christian Europe Preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe

13 Pepin the Short or Pepin III 741 = son of Charles Martel becomes Mayor of the Palace when Charles died 751 = Pepin removed the last of the incompetent kings Set up Papal States which lasted 100 years The Papal States were territories in Italy ruled specifically by the Pope

14 Charlemagne (ruled ) King of the Franks, son of Pepin Conquered: N Italy, S Spain, NW Germany, & Czech Republic Expanded Frankish empire Charlemagne

15 Charlemagne Crowned by Pope Leo III in 800 as the Holy Roman Emperor Dangerous precedent: future kings must be accepted by the Catholic Church Political impact of Charlemagne s coronation = it signified that Western Europe was now independent from the Byzantine Empire

16 Charlemagne s Government Divided the empire into provinces Nobles administered, but they answered to the king Missi Dominci- King s messengers who spied on nobles

17 Charlemagne s Government Citizens had to tithe Tithe = to give 10% of your income to the church or king as taxes

18 Charlemagne s Education Program Most people were illiterate Charlemagne became known as an educational reformer: Set up palace schools for nobility Monasteries for religious learning

19 Breakup of the Carolingian Empire Louis the Pious Only surviving legitimate son of Charlemagne Weak emperor Broke up the Carolingian empire among his 3 sons with the Treaty of Verdun Upon Louis s death, his 3 sons fought over the Frankish kingdom Frankish coronation throne

20 Breakup of the Carolingian Empire TREATY OF VERDUN Split the Empire between Louis 3 sons Carolingian Empire ends

21 Breakup of the Carolingian Empire Three sons of Louis the Pious divided up the empire 1. Louis E. part of Germany 2. Charles the Bald W. part of France 3. Lothair middle which included N. Italy

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23 Results of the Treaty of Verdun Europe would never be united under a single kingdom or empire Development of multiple nations

24 Chapter 13, Section 2 Feudalism in Europe

25 So Many Invasions! After the Treaty of Verdun: Constant Fighting Invasions by Magyars, Muslims and Vikings While the Vikings launched repeated assaults on W. Europe, causing fear and disruption, they also created trade routes and settlements

26 Feudalism *The political system that developed in Europe, which provided the framework that allowed the people to survive the breakdown of central government and order. *Lasted for 600 to 800 years because the system clearly organized people s rights and duties

27 Feudalism Military and political system based on land ownership and loyalty The growth of feudalism in Europe during the Middle Ages was primarily due to: The collapse of strong central governments Aristocrats provided some law and order in exchange for services

28 Feudalism System based on mutual obligation Relationships among groups of people were clearly defined in social classes because weak national governments lacked the ability to provide law and order Lord - Noble landowner Fief a piece of land granted by the lord

29 Feudalism Lord a noble who granted a fief to a vassal in exchange for military protection & other services Vassal a peasant or worker who received the fief Knight a vassal who defended the lord s land

30 Feudalism Serfs Peasants bound to the land. *Despite being bound to the land, their strong Christian faith kept them from leaving the harsh conditions Could not be sold

31 Feudalism Serfs (peasants) paid high taxes & had a harsh life Tithe =10% of income was given to the church Fiefs were inherited by the eldest son Effect: Younger sons lived with a relative or became a clergy member & remained unmarried (undesirable because poor) Daughters were married off or sent to monasteries to become nuns

32 Feudal Pyramid Society was based on social classes European feudal system relied on peasant labor to support other social classes in exchange for Protection from invaders Settlement of disputes Distribution of food

33 Manor Economy Manor = The lord's estate Agriculture was the major economic factor because of the availability of arable land Self-sufficient = had to produce everything they needed on the manor (food, clothes, tools, weapons, etc.)

34 Three Field System Divided the field into 3 parts: One field grew a soil depleting crop (wheat) One field grew soil replenishing crop (beans) One field rested Allowed them to produce more crops

35 Manor Manorialism developed as the economic system because of: The lack of trade The rise of selfsufficient communities

36 Feudalism The lord gave land, shelter, and protection to serfs in return for work. Owning land gave power, wealth, and position

37 The Age of Chivalry Created by J. Kinley

38 Increased warfare in Europe Feudal lords were forced to defend their manor. Knights were rewarded with fiefs

39 Warriors on Horseback Mounted knights called cavalry was the most important part of the army. Saddles & stirrups: important technology for mounted warfare.

40 Knight s Code of Chivalry Chivalry= a religious, moral, and social code of conduct

41 Knight s Code of Chivalry 1. Fight bravely 2. Devote yourself to feudal lord, heavenly Lord, & your chosen lady. 3. Be loyal, brave, & courteous

42 Castles Stone castles were encircled by massive walls and guard towers A castle was the home of the lord and lady, their family, knights, and servants It was a fortress designed for defense * The development, architecture and building of these great fortresses changed as time progresses, influenced by important historical events such as the Crusades and technology of siege warfare

43 Role of Women The Church viewed women as inferior to men, and were expected to be obedient to men. Noble women could inherit land from their husbands When the husband was off to war, the woman could run the castle But women could not receive land as a reward in exchange for military service