E-Governance in Developing Countries

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Marlene Harvey
6 years ago
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1 E-Governance in Developing Countries Prépared by: Dr Paul Schapper ADB Consultant Presented by Rajesh Shakya Reengineering Specialist, ADB (TA-4833)

2 Many Strategies Hyderabad Declaration of 2004 inclusive of 45 countries Kuala Lumpur Declaration of 2003 inclusive of 22 countries, 10 organisations Tokyo Declaration of 2003 inclusive of 47 countries, 22 international organisations, 54 private sector entities, 116 NGOs The Pacific Islands ICTs Policy and Strategic Plan of 2002 inclusive of 22 Pacific island nations E-ASEAN Framework Agreement of 2000 inclusive of 10 countries E-APEC Strategy 2000 inclusive of 21 countries

3 Country & Regional ICT Master Plans Country Focus E-Japan Strategy 2003 and supporting strategies E-Korea Vision 2006, Broadband IT Korea Vision 2007 Connected Singapore Info Comm 21 and the National IT Strategic Agenda E-Sri Lanka Bhutan ICT Master Plan Philippines National IT Plan 21 India National IT Plan and other strategies Nepal IT Policy 2000 Viet Nam IT Directive 58 Regional Focus Hyderabad Declaration 2004 APT Ministerial Conference 2004 Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2003 Tokyo Declaration 2003 Okinawa Charter 2000 E-ASEAN Framework Agreement 2000 E-APEC Strategy 2000 Seoul Declaration

4 Similar Objectives Improved public service delivery Enhanced public governance transparency, accountability Enhanced social equity for minorities, gender, youth Strengthened cultural support and ties Enhanced opportunities for public participation Inclusivity, digital divide Greater access to information, training and education Enhanced opportunities for social and economic networks Strengthened economic performance and opportunity Commercial innovation, R&D Millennium Development Goals

5 Many Issues Supply Factors Infrastructure, flexibility, innovation, efficiency Private sector investment, entrepreneurship Connectivity, affordability, capacity Legislation, governance Consumer, privacy protection IP protection E-commerce rules, authentication, security Skills, e-literacy, training, digital divides Regional, international coordination, cooperation Open source & proprietary software, applications Standards policies Sustainable resourcing models Demand Factors Competition, flexibility, price, information flows, technology, innovation Skills, knowledge, economics, business, culture, community, social capital Leadership government (also represents scale) Networks Applications

6 E- development Phases Publication Public information &. Public approval. Integration & standardization. Websites mark-up. Interaction Active exchange of Information. Online reports. Customized information. Databases & process integration Efficiency Changes in economy and social relationships. Changes in job structures Transaction and value chains. Relocation of services & Competitive exchange new services appearing. of goods and services. On-line productivity. Integrated services. Competition and Development Transformation Structural Change Transparency

7 Information Economy Industrial Objectives Infrastructure Co-located with production Interactive ICTs International up-links Skills ICT Engineering ICT Applications & Dev Competitive R&D Resources Investment funds Venture capital

8 Infrastructure Co-located with communities Affordable ICTs International down-links Last mile IP Voice Information Community Social Objectives Skills E-literacy ICT awareness Cooperative SME Entrepreneurship Resources Cash flow Social capital

9 Opportunity for South Asia Collaboration Common policies espoused by every member country provide common ground for collaboration: HR Skills, education and research development Software / hardware industry development Implies Common Technical Standards & Specifications Community / cultural rural ICT development E-Commerce development ICT access and enablement Critical mass for Regional Access Network Policy framework for regulatory harmonization Viability for commercial investment South Asia Rural Community Development Exchange South Asia Priority Development Network South Asia ARNet University HRD Network SA E-Commerce Development Network

10 E-Government Failure & Success Factors Supply / vendor driven..,,,, Demand / client driven Platform strategy....client strategy Focus on technology Focus on context Detached governance... Integrated governance Weak messages. Strong leadership Individualized Strategies. Institutional Framework Big Bang solutions Incremental implementation Skills shortage... Human Capacity acquisition Weak business case.. High value e-content Flawed design framework.. Open standards Black box architecture. SOA Architecture Bureau centric. Community centric

11 Myths E-government E-government is is software software E-government E-government is is de-personalising de-personalising E-government E-government can can be be bought bought E-government E-government is is technology technology and and comes comes in in boxes boxes

12 Conclusions Most of the developing countries are going through the same core problem low literacy rate and wide Digital Gap Process reengineering vs Process Automation Share the best practices among the countries e-governance Architecture design should a holistic approach but implementation can be in phases Going digital is mandatory because of International competition Going broadband is mandatory because of service expectations

E-government for women s empowerment in Asia and the Pacific. - Presentation of key findings. Oct 4, 2016

E-government for women s empowerment in Asia and the Pacific - Presentation of key findings Oct 4, 2016 Background Builds on a previous study by UNPOG that sought to examine egovernment readiness for gender