Prof. Dr. sc. agr. Jörg Oldenburg

Transcription

1 Environmental standards and monitoring certification for German animal husbandry industry Prof. Dr. sc. agr. Jörg Oldenburg Ingenieurbüro Prof. Dr. Oldenburg Osterende 68 Molkereistraße 9/ Oederquart Crivitz 4th Sino-German Agricultural Week 2018 Science & Technology Leading Green Development November 2018, Beijing

2 Output of faeces and urine (slurry and manure/dung): nutrient level in the soil > nutrient needs yearly based on crop yield > accepted amount of slurry and dung/manure > nutrient content in slurry and manure > no. of animals/farm land/surface calculation from the end (of cycle) Airborne pollution and noise: Topics protection of human beings, wild animals, soil, ground water and nature prevention on the farm / production plant 2

3 Yearly declaration: slurry and manure Every livestock farmer has to declare every year how much slurry and manure is produced (based on accepted values, standard values). The farmer has to declare where and when slurry/manure is used on his farm and grassland / and if not on his own farm, who (other farmer) uses the slurry and manure (proofed by contracts). It is not possible or allowed to use more slurry and dung as a fertilizer as the crops can use or process. Penalties - if the farmer has no accepted declaration (by the county authorities). 3

4 Calculation from the end (of the cycle) Nutrient removal (on field level): Crops and residues (yield, ingredients) Leaching (nitrogen as nitrate into groundwater) Gaseous losses (nitrogen in the atmosphere) Nutrient requirement in total (on farm level): Removal in toto Nutrient supply by: Industrial fertilizer Slurry and dung/manure Nitrogen mineralisation by legumes Atmospheric impacts 4

5 Nutrient level in the soil Calculation started from the end (of the nutrient cycle) Nutrient level in the soil: has to be analysed in a 5-year interval by the farmer as a significant mean of the field 5 levels for phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ), potassium (K 2 O) and magnesium(mg): A very low B low C nice to have/aim D high E very high (no more input is possible / allowed) 5

6 Nutrient level in the soil 6

7 Nutrient losses by crops and residues 7

8 Nutrient losses Maximum nutrient input per year by manure and slurry under german conditions (only 1 harvest per year): Nitrogen: < 170 kg / 1 hectare - 15 Mu m² All other: depending on the nutrient level in the soil (see above) Nutrient removal by the crops and residues have to be calculated based on the youngest 3 year mean: related to the weather it can change every year having an impact on the needed farmland or no. of allowed animals < 2020: allowed losses for nitrogen < 60 kg/ha (into groundwater) > 2020: allowed losses for nitrogen < 50 kg/ha (into groundwater) < 2020: allowed losses for phosphorus < 10 kg/ha > 2020: allowed losses for phosphorus 0 kg/ha 8

9 Calculation from the end (of the cycle) Calculation on a yearly base: - Nutrient removal + Nutrient supply > Industrial fertilizer > Nitrogen mineralisation by legumes > Atmospheric impacts = Nutrient supply by slurry and manure 1. calculation of the amount of slurry 2../. calculated amount and content of slurry per animal (source of nutrients) 3. = maximum number of animals per farm or necessary farmland for the existent animal husbandry 9

10 Airborne pollution and noise - Protection - Odour immission / effects protection of human beings Noise / sound pressure protection of human beings and wild animals Ammonia impacts in nature reserves / forests Nitrogen deposition in nature reserves / forests atmospheric impact of not used nutrients in ecosystems Dust immission protection of human beings 10

11 Emission Transmission - Immission Source: KTBL-Schrift 447 Emission: kind of animals, number, bodyweight, dirty / polluted surface, kind of housing / system, ventilation, structure of the building, Transmission: terrain, orography, distance, wind statistic (period: direction, speed, turbulence), rain Immission: kind of area (e.g. residential zone or work area), kind of ecosystems etc. 11

12 Modeling / calculation / forecast 12

13 Transmission calculation by particle model 13

14 Emission/gaseous output and sources Koordinaten 3) Nr. in Abb. 2 1) Quelle 2) Quellform 2.1) Xq 3.1) Yq 3.2) Hq 3.3) Aq 3.4) Bq 3.5) Cq 3.6) Wq 3.7) Qq 3.8) Vq 3.9) Dq 3.1 0) [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [ ] [MW] [m s -1 ] [m] Istzustand - Landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb Hanno Wilkens und Wilkens Tier GbR A/BE MS sf , , A/BE MS sf , , C/BE 3 80 NT sl , , sl , C/BE 3 94 NT sf ,1 40, , D/BE 4 70 AF sl/ , , sl/ , , D/BE 4 56 NT sl/ , , E/BE FA sl , , sl sl sl sl sl sl sl sl sl sl , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

15 Structure of buildings and surface 15

16 Orography wind impact cool and heavy air at night flows from the hill to the valley meters above sealevel 16

17 10-year mean or alternative 8760 hours / 1 year - 36 sectors / 10 degrees - Velocity/speed - Turbulences Are the data representative for the situation? Time/statistics Region Wind and transmission 17

18 Odour immission benchmarks and limits time factor/accepted hours per year in % of perception time / real time no unhealthy odours allowed in residential areas < 10 %/3 % in farming valleys > 15 %/5 % rural sites > 20 % Harassment factors: Cattle/dairy/horses 0,5 Pigs 0,75/1,0 Broiler 1,5 Laying hens 1,0 Odour from animal husbandry is not unhealthy. 18

19 Odour immission benchmarks and limits farming vs rural development 19

20 Noise immission benchmarks and limits Noise is unhealthy and annoying if limits are exceeded day night db(a) hour Industrial areas Business areas Urban living areas Valleys / rural living areas Living areas with small business Pure living areas Health areas Sundays and holidays (+6 db at the source) 20

21 Ammonia in the rural air 21

22 Ammonia - Limits Ammonia concentration < 3 µg/m³ from the farm site Ammonia concentration< 10µg/m³ in total 22

23 Nitrogen input from the farm site < 5 kg/ha per year in forests from the farm site > 2019 < 3,5 kg/ha If more, a special analysis of the ecosystem is needed 23

24 Analysis of a forest is more than 5 kg/ha available? 24

25 Dust emission and immission Dust - Limits Maximum immission = protection Particle PM 10: < 40 µg/m³ p.y. (35 * > 50 µg/m³ p.y.) Particle PM 2,5: < 25 µg/m³ p.y. (bislang 39. BImSchV) not relevant < 3 % from limit (= 1,2 µg/m³ PM 10 resp. 0,75 µg/m³ PM 2,5) Maximum emission = prevention Site output < 0,20 kg/h or dust concentration < 20 mg/m³ - if more than < 0,40 kg/h < 10 mg/m³ 25

26 Protection and Prevention all farms have to accept and realise the protection limits differences by law between family farms and industrial farms industrial farms: > fatteners, > 560 sows, > hens or broilers, > 600 cattle or dairy only industrial farms have to realise prevention limits prevention: every 3 years an on-site test by the authorities, restricted concentration of ammonia and dust in the outlet air, > 2019 air scrubber for pig and broiler farms 26

27 Environmental standards and monitoring certification for German animal husbandry industry Prof. Dr. sc. agr. Jörg Oldenburg Ingenieurbüro Prof. Dr. Oldenburg Osterende 68 Molkereistraße 9/ Oederquart Crivitz 4th Sino-German Agricultural Week 2018 Science & Technology Leading Green Development November 2018, Beijing