Potomac Basin Case Study

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2 Potomac Basin Case Study Cooperative Water Supply Planning & Operations AWWA Regional Collaboration Webinar September 24, 2018 Cherie Schultz, Ph.D. Section for Cooperative Water Supply Operations on the Potomac (CO-OP) Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (ICPRB) Lisa Ragain Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG)

3 Outline The Washington, DC, metropolitan area has had a cooperative water supply system for 35 years How was the system established? How does the system operate today? Regional vulnerabilities/potential options New challenges/next steps

4 Location Washington, DC Potomac River Basin Area: 14,670 mi 2 Population: 6.1 million Washington DC metropolitan area (WMA) Annual demand: 486 MGD July demand: 572 MGD Upstream areas Annual consumptive use: 99 MGD Summertime consumptive use: 134 MGD

5 Regional Water Supply Average Daily Demand 485 mgd Water mains + 14,500 mi Fire hydrants 114,000 Metered accounts + 1,000,000 People served + 5,000,000

6 How was the system established? WMA water supply was originally a Federal matter USACE, instructed by Congress Built the District of Columbia s water supply system Conducted WMA water supply studies Washington Aqueduct/Cabin John Bridge, 1861

7 Demand, MGD Growing water supply concerns Potomac River low flow Forecasted WMA demand* Actual WMA demand historic Potomac River low flow severe drought in VA s Occoquan watershed Forecasted shortages *US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 1963

8 Early institutional support 1940 Congress authorizes interstate compact Creates ICPRB Pollution was the original focus No regulatory powers 1970 Congress amends compact to include land & water resources 1979 ICPRB Section for Cooperative Water Supply Operations on the Potomac (CO-OP) ICPRB enhances, protects, and conserves the water and associated land resources of the Potomac River basin through regional and interstate cooperation.

9 A sense of crisis US Congress authorizes series of USACE studies 1979 US Senate hearings 1976 WRDA requires an emergency allocation agreement 1978 Low Flow Allocation Agreement (LFAA) specifies emergency water allocations

10 Cooperative solution drivers Supplier vulnerabilities - MD supplier: intake difficulties in VA supplier: reservoir almost emptied in DC supplier (USACE): most downstream intake Technical studies show cooperative operations benefits during drought Federal pressure - Via permitting authority - LFAA demand freeze clause would penalize growth

11 Outcome A framework for cooperation New agreements 1982 Water Supply Coordination Agreement (WSCA) Reservoir Cost-Share Agreements Little Seneca Construction & O&M Jennings Randolph Water supply storage, construction & O&M Savage portion of O&M 2000 Drought Response Plan Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (COG) Two new reservoirs Little Seneca Reservoir Jennings Randolph Reservoir

12 Log flow How does the system operate today? WSCA governs drought planning & operations Coordination of operations during droughts Planning forecasts every 5 years Construction of new resources when need arises Technical & managerial support by ICPRB CO-OP Section LFAA specifies allocations in event of water shortages COG Drought Plan governs imposition of water use restrictions 1.E+05 Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Maryland WSCA 1.E+04 1.E , E

13 Governance WSCA established an Operations Committee to oversee implementation Committee consists of General Managers from the 3 suppliers Decisions are made by consensus

14 Cost-sharing Fixed formula for ICPRB CO- OP support Fixed formulas for original shared reservoirs 20% Growth-based formula for 50% new storage if it is needed Cost-share for Jennings Randolph capital/o&m 30% WSSC WA FW

15 WMA cooperative system Savage Reservoir Pennsylvania Suppliers VA: Fairfax Water MD: Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission DC & VA: Washington Aqueduct Division of USACE Shared resources 78% Potomac River Upstream reservoirs for low flow augmentation Individual resources 22% Occoquan Reservoir (Fairfax Water) Patuxent reservoirs (WSSC) Jennings Randolph Reservoir West Virginia Virginia Potomac River intakes Occoquan Reservoir Maryland Little Seneca Reservoir District of Columbia Patuxent reservoirs

16 Long-term Cooperative Water Supply Planning & Management Cooperative regional monitoring of source & finished water Collaborative training, exercises & contingency planning Regional communication & coordination /04/ Water supply added to ICPRB scope Low Flow Allocation Agreement ICPRB Section for Cooperative Water Supply Operations Water supply storage at Jennings Randolph and Little Seneca Water Supply Coordination Agreement Water Supply Emergency Plan Water Supply & Drought Response Plan Potomac Drinking Water Source Protection Partnership Regional Redundancy Study NCR Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network Emergency water supply planning Updated source water assessment Regional water system resiliency study

17 Regional vulnerabilities & options WMA Water Supply Alternatives (ICPRB, 2017) Drought vulnerability study Regional Water Supply and Distribution System Resiliency (COG, 2016) Water supply contamination event or outage vulnerability study

18 Water supply alternatives study Driver Objective 2015 planning forecasts indicated need for new resources Assess relative abilities of alternatives to meet challenges of growth and climate change Alternatives 4 structural, 6 operational Results 3 multi-step options

19 Average July demand, MGD Recommended alternatives ability to meet forecasted July demands Option A Option B Option C forecast Baseline Ops 5-8 Ops Vulcan 1 Ops Vulcan 1 + Luck % FC improve. Ops Vulcan 1 + Travilah RO plant + Vulcan % FC improve. SSSY, CC50 SSSY, CC75 SSSY, CC90 RO plant

20 New challenges New water supplies Dual purpose drought & spills How will it be funded? Broadening the cooperative system Revisions of WSCA? A new agreement? How can cost-sharing and governance be updated? Should states be involved? Additional areas Source water protection Monitoring Collaborative research

21 DOING MORE WITH MANY: CASE STUDIES OF REGIONAL COLLABORATION AWWA RESEARCH PRESENTATION TIFFANY TRAN SEPTEMBER 24, 2018

22 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Co-Authors: Adam Carpenter and Pam Kenel Utility Support: DC Water Fairfax Water Loudoun Water Washington Aqueduct (USACE) Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission All agencies that participated in interviews

23 RESEARCH PROJECT SCOPE Regional collaboration can have many benefits. What are the mechanisms that make it possible? Research Questions: 1. What are the drivers that motivate regional collaborative groups? 2. How do they govern themselves and make decisions on shared goals or projects? 3. How do they equitably fund the implementation of these decisions?

24 METHODS Literature Review Research of Publicly Available Documents Outreach via or phone minute phone interview Follow-up questions Write-up/ Presentation

25 WHERE IN THE WORLD? 6 Partnerships 6 Projects 18 States 15+ Million People Served = Approximate location

26 TASK OF COMPARING

27 TYPES OF COLLABORATIONS 1. Planning and Management Partnerships 2. Collaborative Projects

28 PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT PARTNERSHIPS Partnerships can occur within watershed boundaries or political ones. Can be regulatory and are shaped around shared management goals. Organization/Project Name Acronym Location Number of Members Range of Populations Served Coordination Level Shared Investment Value Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission ORSANCO Ohio River Basin 9 Basin Population Interstate + Federal $3.3 million FY Budget Delaware River Basin Commission DRBC Delaware River Basin 5 Basin Population Interstate + Federal $4.2 million FY Budget Catawba-Wateree Water Management Group CWWMG Catawba-Wateree River Basin 20 Up to 1,000,000 Interstate $550,000 (Annual Dues) Yadkin-Pee Dee Water Management Group YPDWMG Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin 18 3,000-1,000,000 Interstate $87,500 (Annual Dues) Middle Rio Grande Stormwater MS4 Compliance Monitoring Cooperative CMC New Mexico 12 1, ,000 Interagency $132,000 Municipal Water District of Orange County MWDOC California 32 25,000-2,500,000 Interagency varies widely

29 COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS Collaboration is spurred by an opportunity to create, join, or expand a current project. The addition of regional partners increases net benefits. Organization/Project Name Acronym Location Number of Members Range of Populations Served Service Area Population Shared Investment Value Logan-Todd Regional Water Commission LTRWC Kentucky, Tennessee ,500 40,000 $77.5 million Alliance Water n/a Texas 4 13, , ,000 $300 million Long Creek Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant LCRWTP North Carolina 3 10,000-1,000,000 1 million $300 million Ship Canal Water Quality Project n/a Washington 2 630,000-1,700, million $570 million Water Infrastructure and Supply Efficiency Partnership WISE Colorado 3 320,000-1,400,000 2 million $650 million Los Vaqueros Reservoir Expansion Project LVE California 15 Agricultural - 2,700,000 6 million $980 million

30 COMMON DRIVERS FOR COLLABORATION 1. Increased or forthcoming regulatory pressure 2. Shared regional concerns or issues 3. Potential for cost savings through achieving economies of scale, reducing duplicative efforts 4. Increased funding opportunities

31 TYPES OF GOVERNANCE / DECISION MAKING Lead Agency Governing Board of Representatives Staff driven decision-making Equal representation Proportion-based representation Population within service area 50-year demand forecast

32 FINANCIAL STRUCTURE / COST ALLOCATION Cost of services / service level Equal cost-share across all parties Proportion based cost-share Watershed Area Watershed Population 50-year demand forecast Proportion of avoided cost

33 INTERESTING CASE STUDIES Governance and cost-share mechanisms differ: 1. ORSANCO and Catawba-Wateree MWG 2. Ship Canal Project 3. Long Creek Regional WTP and WISE Partnership

34 COMMON FACTORS FOR SUCCESS Have a forum for regular communication among agencies. Build relationships and trust between agencies. Conduct studies to understand the shared water space, possibilities for collaboration. Regulatory agencies can be a useful resource. Built to last and adjustable over time, make room for reopeners.

35 If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together. -African proverb If you want to solve a localized issue, go alone. If you want to address a regional issue by pooling resources to fully leverage existing capital and assets, use regional collaboration. -generous interpretation of African proverb

36 AWWA Regional Collaboration September 24,

37 Los Vaqueros Reservoir Off-stream reservoir in Contra Costa County Operated in conjunction with four Delta intakes Capacity of 160 TAF Uses: Water quality Drought storage Emergency storage Flood control Recreation 37 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

38 20,000-acre watershed managed by CCWD for protection of: Water quality Sensitive species and habitat CCWD also manages more than 5,000 acres of mitigation properties: Contra Costa Alameda San Joaquin Los Vaqueros Reservoir Marina 38 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

39 Long History on Project CCWD financed and implemented 1998 dam, intake, and conveyance construction 2009 new intake 2012 dam raise Completed on schedule and on budget September 27, AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

40 Proposed Los Vaqueros Reservoir Expansion Project What are the objectives? Environmental Water Water Supply Reliability Improved Water Quality Enhanced Recreation Who will benefit? San Joaquin Wildlife Refuges Bay Area Water Agencies South-of-Delta CVP Contractors Statewide Water System San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge How will benefits be achieved? Construct new pipelines, new pump stations, raise the dam Re-operate existing facilities Integrate regional systems Coordinate with other state-wide water operations 40 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

41 Benefits to Local Agencies Increased Municipal & Industrial Supply Drinking Water Quality Improvements Agricultural Supply 41 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

42 Local Agency Partners 1. Alameda County Water District 2. Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency 3. Byron-Bethany Irrigation District 4. City of Brentwood 5. East Bay Municipal Utility District 6. East Contra Costa Irrigation District 7. Grassland Water District 8. San Francisco Public Utilities Commission 9. San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority 10. Santa Clara Valley Water District 11. Zone 7 Water Agency 12. Del Puerto Water District 13. San Luis Water District 14. Westlands Water District Additional agencies on a waiting list 42 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

43 Federal Feasibility Findings Bureau of Reclamation determined: Technically and environmentally feasible Economically feasible Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio = 1.25 Financially feasible M&I and agricultural beneficiaries have financial ability to pay Resilient: maintains its benefits under Wide range of climate change scenarios California WaterFix 43 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

44 Existing Agreements MOU with local, state and federal agencies (2001) Cost Share MOU with Reclamation (2015) Individual Funding Agreements with LAPs (2017) Various agreements with EBMUD for use of existing intertie Permits and water rights 44 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

45 Key Decision Milestones Execute Multi-party Agreement Fall 2018 CCWD and Local Agency Partners (LAPs) Execute Early Funding Agreement Fall 2018 CCWD and California Water Commission Partners & CCWD negotiate key terms of costs and governance Winter 2018/2019 Commitment to form Joint Powers Authority (JPA) Spring 2019 Execute JPA agreement and file paperwork with State Summer AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

46 Other Agreements MOU with DWR Construction easement to tie Transfer-Bethany Pipeline into Califor nia Aqueduct Conveyance agreement (use of California Aqueduct and South Bay Aqueduct) Coordinated operations agreement Monitoring for public benefits (required by Prop. 1) Changes to State Water Project water rights MOU with Reclamation Long term contract with Refuge Water Supply Program Coordinated operations agreement Changes to Central Valley Project water rights Agreements with LAPs to backstop CCWD s water supply during construction 46 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

47 Near Term Activities 47 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

48 Thank you Questions? Project Information Contact Information Marguerite Patil Contra Costa Water District P.O. Box H20 Concord, CA (925) Maureen Martin Contra Costa Water District P.O. Box H20 Concord, CA (925) AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

49 Proposed Facilities New Neroly High-Lift Pump Station EBMUD system improvements for increased use of EBMUD-CCWD Intertie New Delta-Transfer Pipeline Expanded Transfer Facility New Transfer-Bethany Pipeline Expanded reservoir capacity of 275 TAF Enhanced recreation facilities Contra Costa Canal Mokelumne Aqueduct EBMUD Walnut Creek Pump Plant VFDs Expanded Transfer Facility Expanded Los Vaqueros Reservoir EBMUD Intertie Pump Station Old River Pipeline Delta-Transfer Pipeline Clifton Court Forebay Existing Facilities Possible New Facilities 49 Contra AWWA Costa Webinar Water September District 5/30/17 24, 2018

50 275-TAF Dam 50 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

51 Other Options Available to Partners LVE provides a cost-competitive option, close to home, with higher reliability, certainty, and flexibility Local Bay Area Supply Alternatives Cost ($ / AF) SFPUC s wholesale water rate $1800 (treated), $1600 (untreated) Water Transfers (below normal years, TRD) ( ) $267 - $632 * Local Groundwater (extraction, treatment, replenishment) $400 - $1,600 ** Stormwater Capture and Recharge $570 - $1,600 ** Recycled Water $1,500 - $9,000 ** Advanced Water Purification (Potable Reuse) $1,600 - $2,700 ** Desalination $1,000 - $5,500 Phase 2 LVE Project (capital, O&M) $580 ($300 - $700) (not including emergency storage) * ACWD, SCVWD, and SFPUC (2018) ** Pacific Institute (2016) and SFPUC (2018) 51 AWWA Webinar September 24, 2018

52 CONTACTS Cherie Schultz Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin Lisa Ragain Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments Tiffany Tran American Water Works Association Adam Carpenter American Water Works Association Pamela Kenel Loudoun Water Marguerite Patil Contra Costa Water District Maureen Martin Contra Costa Water District