1/6/2015. Fossil Fuels (Non-Renewable) Renewable Energy as Share of Total Energy

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1 Jan 2005 Jan 2006 Jan 2007 Jan 2008 Jan 2009 Jan 2010 Cheryl Gomez, PE, MBA, LEED AP BD+C Renewable Energy as Share of Total Energy Source: US Energy Information Administration Fossil Fuels (Non-Renewable) Supply Availability - Reserves & Production Natural Gas Liquid Fuels Solid Fuels Price Volatility Forecast 1

2 Environmental Stewardship Educational & Research Opportunities Faculty, Staff, Students Recruitment & Retention Leadership 2

3 Thermal & Electric Generation Transportation Bioproducts Fuel Type Heat Content Units Biodiesel MMBtu/Barrel Ethanol MMBtu/Barrel Waste Alcohol MMBtu/Barrel Digester Gas MMBtu/MCF Landfill Gas MMBtu/MCF Agricultural Byproducts MMBtu/Short Ton Black Liquor MMBtu/Short Ton MSW Biogenic MMBtu/Short Ton Paper Pellets MMBtu/Short Ton Peat MMBtu/Short Ton Railroad Ties MMBtu/Short Ton Sludge Waste MMBtu/Short Ton Sludge Wood MMBtu/Short Ton Solid Byproducts MMBtu/Short Ton Spent Sulfite Liquor MMBtu/Short Ton Utility Poles MMBtu/Short Ton 3

4 Biodiesel What is it? Can it be used in existing diesel engines? Emissions Does it compete with food? Weather Issues Gasoline & Ethanol E85 (cars) & E95 (Heavy duty diesel vehicles) What is it? Can my car use it? Can my car be converted? Availability Does it compete with food? And some water.. 4

5 Power Plants Thermal (Geo-exchange): Heating & Cooling Hot Springs in Steamboat Springs, Nevada. Several geothermal power plants at The Geysers. 5

6 Closed Standing Open to Loop Column Recycle Conductive Conductive & Advective Advective 50 1A SH RA E Cornell University Cornell, New York Cayuga Lake Enwave Energy Corporation Toronto, Canada Lake Ontario 6

7 Open/ Recycle Standing Column Closed Efficiency First Cost Geology Maintenance Regulatory Thermal Advantages Disadvantages Image by Ontario Power Generation This diagram of a hydroelectric generator is courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 7

8 An inspector examines a large turbine designed for generating electricity from the flow of a river. Photograph courtesy Free Flow Power Corporation P B 150 Power-Buoy with peak-rated power output of 150 kw 8

9 Solar Power: Concentrating & Photovoltaic Solar Thermal: Heating & Hot Water Passive Solar The Genesis Solar Energy Project, a 250-megawatt facility in California, will use parabolic solar troughs like these to generate power. Credit: DOI Stirling Energy Systems, Inc. (SES)/Boeing, 25 kw Dish Stirling system at sunset. Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Photographic Information Exchange. 9

10 Type Example Annual Carbon Payback Photovoltaic 150 kw Years What can we buy for $1 million? Need 15,000 SF of Roof Space MTCDE Electricity Cost Increases at 3%/Year 10

11 Wind energy from turbines such as these could produce 20% of the world's power by 2030, according to a new report. Credit: Todd Spink 11

12 What are they? How do they work? How do you verify ownership? What are the price premiums? Solar photovoltaic (PV) Wind Geothermal Eligible hydroelectric Eligible biomass Co-firing of eligible forms of biomass with non-renewables is accepted under certain conditions Biodiesel (B100) Fuel cells using the above eligible fuels 12

13 REC tracking map courtesy of Ed Holt & Associates, Inc

14 How does this differ from buying RECs? What are the price premiums? (Cents/kWh) What is the ROI (payback)? Does it take care of all carbon emissions from the campus? How much should be spent? shtml 14

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16 Risk Management Financial Supply Operational Educational Institutions and Organizations Environmental Stewardship Educational & Research Opportunities Faculty, Staff, Students Recruitment & Retention Leadership Greenhouse Gas Emissions GOAL: Reduce GHG emissions to 250,000 MTCDE, a 25% reduction or 80,000 MTCDE below 2009 levels 45,000 MTCDE Added From New Construction Projects 40,000 Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 20,031 21,234 31,267 34,557 39,078 5, Fuel MTCDE per MMBtu (Virginia) MTCDE Compared to NG MTCDE Compared to NG Natural Gas Base Base Electricity More Coal % More Oil % More 16

17 Type Solar** / Photovoltaic Example Annual MTCDE 300 to 400 kw Payback Years (electricity increases 3% per year) Efficiency Initiatives Retro- Commissioning 2950 <2 Years Re-lamp Coal to Natural Gas 270,000 lamps (T8 at 25 W v T8 at W [10 hrs/day, 365 days] Main Heat Plant (Need Gas Pipeline) Green Power $0.013/kWh 43,738 3 to 6 Years (3 Years for electricity only. Can likely get price discount on lamps.) None? Capital cost of $25 to $30 million for pipeline. No payback Need to spend $1 million every year. ** Assumes $3.00/Watt total installed cost. 17