State of the art report for Mecklenburg- Vorpommern

Transcription

1 Energikontor Sydost AB Framtidsvägen 10 A Växjö +46 (0) lennart.tyrberg@energikontorsydost@se State of the art report for Mecklenburg- Vorpommern Current use of energy PROJECT: RES-CHAINS PROGRAM: SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM MADE BY: KRISTINA KOEBE AND SIMONE BRIESE BALTIC WINDENERGY ASSOCIATION IN COOPERATION WITH KAROLA ELBERG, UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK, AND YVONNE ROWOHLT, NORTHWEST MECKLENBURG COUNTY COUNCIL, FOR: SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM USERS DATE: DEC 2011 THIS PROGRAM IS PART FINANCED BY THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM AND THE EUROPEAN UNION.

2 Abstract Renewable Energy Sources (in the following referred to as RES) have been quite established in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern which was mainly initiated by the Ministry of Environment that worked actively on that from 1999 to 2006 before it was merged with the Ministry of Agriculture and the explicit and trendsetting support of RES turned into the level of support which was required by the German national policy. As a result of the geographical and demographic conditions in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, wind energy is the most established RES in MV, followed by solar and bioenergy. The fourth RES relevant for MV is geothermal energy. No other forms have been established on a significant level so far. 2 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

3 1. The region Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is situated in the north-east of the Federal Republic of Germany. In the east it borders on Poland, in the south on Brandenburg, in the southwest on Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) and in the west on Schleswig-Holstein. In the north the Baltic Sea forms a natural border. The outer coastline of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is 381 kilometres long, 245 of which are bluffs. The characteristic landscape was formed by the Ice Age: the Ridge of Mecklenburg, the Mecklenburg Lake District and the heath landscapes in the east and the west. One fifth of the state is covered with forests. Water covers six percent of the total area. With its water surface of 110 square kilometres Müritz Lake is the largest German lake. Mecklenburg- Vorpommern s longest river is the Elde, which flows into the Elbe and is navigable within the state borders over a distance of 178 kilometres. The Helpt Mountains at 179 metres above sea level constitute the highest elevation. The total area of the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern amounts to more than 23,000 square kilometres where about 1.7 million inhabitants live. Almost one quarter of them belong to the Christian church. With 70 inhabitants per square kilometer, M-V is Germany s federal state with the lowest population density. Outside the industrial centers, Rostock, Schwerin and Wismar, agriculture and tourism are the most important fields of industry. It is mainly the rich cultural heritage, the unique natural environment and the multitude of cultural and recreational offers that make the country a popular tourist destination, with the Baltic Sea coast and the lake districts as the most established ones. 3 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

4 Map of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Source: Google Maps) 2. Current use of RES in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern From the beginning of the 2000ies, renewable energies gain more and more importance. In comparison to the primary energy consumption (PEC), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern made a rapid development. While the share amounted to less than 3 Percent before 2000, a constant growth has been observed since then. In 2000, RES hat a total share of 4.5%, in % and in 2008 even 24.0%, i. e. nearly a quarter of the total primary energy consumption which amounted to TJ [LAKE 2011] in by far the highest value in Germany. About one half of this current production, i.e. those from renewable sources, is gained from wind energy (40%) and bioenergy (10%). Solar energy, bioenergy, wind power and geothermal energy are the most important renewable energy sources for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Decentralized energy supply has become more and more important over the last years. The 10% bioenergy contributes with to the primary energy consumption could be increased to 24% until 2020 if a related sustainable energy policy is continued as it has been started. This energy policy aims not only to the further extension of wind energy use (onshore and 4 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

5 offshore), bioenergy and solar energy but also to establishing bioenergy regions. One related campaign is the called bioenergy villages with several villages from MV involved, getting related training and the chance to exchange experiences (see To enable the aforementioned extension of decentralized energy supply on the basis of RES requires related distribution and supply grids with related capacities and adaptation. Here, it is not sufficient to use the existing capacities in an optimum way but even to improve the existing infrastructure. To specify this demand, a grid study was elaborated by the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern which investigates the extension of the state s grids in consideration of the extension objectives related to renewable energies. This study displays that even today the fed in renewable energy exceeds the simultaneous electricity consumption in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The transmission capacity limits in the 110 kv distribution grids is reached even today during peak hours. Considering the expected strong increase of fed in energy that overproductions will have to be transported into other regions in the future. Still, the study indicates clearly that a significant grid extension is essential to meet the demands of the coming years regarding consumption capacity and transport safety. This applies for the 110kv as well as for the high-voltage grid. At the same time, the decreasing electricity need of consumers as a result of the demographic changes was taken into consideration. Regarding geothermal energy use, the preconditions in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern are good. Relevant information are provided by detailed maps that give a comprehensive overview on the ground structure. The state s objective to use the geothermal energy potentials even more in the future applies for both, near-surface and deep geothermal energy. In addition, RES make a significant contribution to meeting the district heating demand. Their share amounted to 29.1% even in which is the highest of all German states. This figure does not include pellet heating systems which are to be added. Synergies can mainly be reached regarding a combination of geothermal energy and storage of seasonal energy surpluses. With regard to the medical-therapeutic tourism orientation of the state ( healthcare state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is a frequently used slogan here), a further extension of geothermal energy use for Balneological purposes is intended, too. 5 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

6 Figure: Share of RES in the total current production in MV (yellow section) Source: Statistisches Amt MV 2011 Bioenergy In 2008, biomass contributed with 18.4% to the primary energy consumption of the region, thus, being one of the most important components among the RES, i.e. in the second position after wind energy with 1.498,4 GWh. Most important component of current production out of biomass is biogas with a contribution of 73,1% (1.095,8 GWh). An increase of 16.2% was reached from 2009 to In addition, a total amount of current of 93.5 GWh is gained from biogeneous waste. In this field, the produced amount was even increased for 128.3%. Two possible extension scenarios regarding bioenergy until 2020 were determined: In a basic scenario the biogas capacity will be increased for factor 8 from 2005 to 2020, the bio fuel for factor 3 and the solid fuel for factor six. The result will be a production of TJ on ha. The efficiency scenario considers a possible increase of the final net energy 6 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

7 yield per unit area and assumes a lower use of biofuels. According to this scenario, TJ in total could be produced on ha. The aim is to cover one quarter of the total primary energy consumption only from bioenergy in Still, the further extension of biomass use is based on the principle to avoid any risk for the food and feedingstuff production. Thus, biomass shall be used according to a cascade principle, i.e. based on a multiple material use of the raw material and an energy only subsequent to this. In addition, efficient operation and production modes with positive effects on the eco and energy balance and are characterized by additional low CO2-avoidance costs should be used and supported more extensively. A development in two stages is intended in the biogas field. On the one hand, it will be increasingly based on major plants that allow feeding in biomethane into the natural gas grid but also on small and medium-sized plants that enable a use of decentrally occurring substrates such as fertilizers or agricultural residues. Regarding solid fuels, an increased need for raw material due to increased capacities is expected. It is assumed that agricultural solid fuels will increasingly be used in larger biomass cogeneration plants. To transfer this development to smaller power plants and combustion plants, additional research and development work has to take place in this field and the legal framework condition, such as the BImSchV, have to be adapted to the development and developed further in accordance with this. The state government focuses on decentralized structures regarding the future energy supply, to be operated based on the local and sustainably reduced RE sources. This included storage opportunities for discontinuously produced energy. Municipalities, cities and towns shall get support with the implementation of addition projects, e.g. regarding the use of funding programs. Geothermal energy The geological conditions in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern provide a good basis for energetic and balneologic use of deep geothermal projects. The state of knowledge about the geological 7 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

8 ground is excellent in comparison with other federal states and allows a determination of use potentials all over Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The three geothermal plants in Neustadt- Glewe, Waren and Neubrandenburg and the related engineering competences bring Mecklenburg-Vorpommern into a top position in Germany. The state government has promoted geothermal energy so far by initiating the studies Opportunities of current production from hydrothermal geothermal energy and Regional centres of health industries based on thermal resources in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern". Concrete actions aiming to use deep geothermal energy have been limited to a further technical extension of existing plants after The high drilling risk and the necessary infrastructure for heat consumption are most relevant arguments that speak against a development of new sites. An intensified use of near-surface geothermal energy for heating and cooling purposes in buildings and deep geothermal energy use for current and heating production in relation to balneological use of associations (e.g. business organisations) which addresses state government, municipalities, investors, citizens, universities. 8 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

9 Wind power While covering 40% of its energy need from wind energy on state leavel, Mecklenburg- Vorpommern, in comparison with other federal states, ranges in the 6 th position regarding installed wind energy capacity (1,549 MW in total in 2010, i.e. 1,356 installed turbines) on the national level, i.e. belongs to the leading regions in this field. The states potential for wind energy use shall be exploited further over the coming years, aiming to increasing the installed onshore wind energy capacity until 2020, exploiting 59% of the onshore potential of the region by then. For this, it will be necessary to adapt the areas designated for wind turbine installation as well as to increase the efficiency of the existing sites by so-called repowering. In addition, the first offshore wind farm was installed in 2010 (wind farm Baltic I ) and is the starting point of a dimension of wind energy use which will be of vital importance for MV in the future. Currently, the regional policy aims to double the installed onshore capacity until 2020 (see list of existing offshore farms and farms in planning stage below). Institutions that are currently working on fulfilling this aim are the state government, regional planning associations, municipalities and project planners. The state s current Energy Strategy, released in 2009, aims at keeping a balance between promotion of conventional and alternative means of electricity generation, while at the same time complying with the targets set at national level. The main increase in electricity generated from wind power is expected from Baltic Sea offshore plants. The connection of all projected offshore plants will lead to the situation where electricity from wind power alone may exceed the electricity consumption of the whole state. Therefore, significant investments in the electricity network will be necessary to transmit surplus electricity to the South and West German states. For onshore wind power, a moderate increase by about 40 per cent of installed rated power is expected for the period 2010 to Designated areas for wind energy use Regional Spatial Planning Programms (RREP) determine, in consideration of state-wide standardized criteria, designated areas of onshore wind turbines (WT). The current update of the regional development programs creates the preconditions for the aspired extension of 9 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

10 current production from wind turbines by designating new areas and repowering. By designating new offshore areas near the German Baltic Sea coast, the state development program created the spatial planning prerequisites for Offshore wind energy use in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The precise sites for WT installation within these designated areas were and will be determined within the framework of regular planning procedures. Overview Offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea In operation Project name Developer AWZ/ 12sm- Zone No of turbines Turbine capacity [MW] Total capacity [MW] Distance from the coast [km] Water depth [m] Grid connection, Federal state EnBW Erneuerbare EnBW Energien GmbH, Wind farm Vattenfall (Grid Baltic 1 connection) 12 sm- Zone 21 2,3 48, MV (Bentwisch near Rostock) Rostock Nordex AG 12 sm zone 1/1 2,5 2,5 0,5 2 MV Approved wind farms (first construction stage) Project name Developer AWZ/ 12sm- Zone No of turbines Turbine capacity [MW] Total capacity [MW] Distance from the coast [km] Water depth [m] Grid connection, Federal state Arkona Becken Südost AWE- Arkona- Windpark- Entwicklungs GmbH AWZ 80/ MV GEOFReE GEO 12-sm- Zone ca SH (Göhl) EnBW Windpark Baltic II EnBW Baltic 2 GmbH AWZ 80/80 3, MV (Bentwisch / Rostock über BalticI) Wikinger Iberdrola Renovables AWZ 80/ / MV (Lubmin) 10 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

11 Project name Developer AWZ/ 12sm- Zone No of turbines Turbine capacity [MW] Total capacity [MW] Distance from the coast [km] Water depth [m] Grid connection, Federal state Deutschland GmbH (ehemals Ventotec Ost 2 KG) Wind farms in the approval stage Project name Developer AWZ/ 12sm- Zone No of turbines Turbine capacity [MW] Total capacity [MW] Distance from the coast [km] Water depth [m] Grid connection, Federal state Adlergrund GAP Adlergrund Nordkap BEC Energie Consult GmbH BEC - Energie Consult GmbH EEZ MV (Lubmin) EEZ 31 3, , k.a. Arcadis East 1 Arcadis Consult GmbH 12 sm- Zone MV (Stralsund) Arcadis East 2 GICON GmbH Rostock EEZ MV (Lubmin) ArkonaSee Süd BalticEagle BalticPower ArconaSee Süd GmbH FC Windenergy GmbH FC Windenergy GmbH AWZ 80 n.i. n.i. 22 n.i. n.i. AWZ n.i. AWZ n.i. Beta Baltic Offshore Windpark Beta Baltic GmbH 12 sm- Zone MV (Bentwisch /Rostock) Beltsee PNE WIND AG EEZ 25/ n.i. Source: 11 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

12 Solar power Comparing the situation in the different German regions, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has very good conditions for using solar energy, for current production as well as for thermal use. Thus, it is no surprise that the use of solar energy has been largely extended here over the last years. In total, solar panels with a total capacity 388,44 MWel power have been installed in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since Still, solar energy use is on an average level in comparison with other German states. Particularly the funding programs of the Federal State Government have only been used sufficiently during so far and the potentials for integrating existing technological plants are far from being exhausted. Still, the tendency is a positive one. In 2010, Germany s largest individual plant was installed in MV, with 25,46 MWp capacity. Solar cells are manufactured in Wismar and Greifswald. The centre of promotion and educational activities related to solar energy use is located in Wietow, where a solar centre exists and is quite frequently used. The development activities related to solar energy use can be raised further in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Current prognoses for the state aim to an annual production of about 150 GWh from 2020 on. Tariff rates for solar energy in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern from Premises up to 30 kwp: 24,43 ct/kwh Premises from 30 to 100 kwp: 23,23 ct/kwh Premises from 100 kwp to 1 MWp: 21,98 ct/kwh Premises larger than 1 MWp: 18,33 ct/kwh Conversion areas: 18,76 ct/kwh Field systems: 17,94 ct/kwh Hydropower No hydropower plants exist in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern apart from two projects operated for Research & Development reasons. 12 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

13 Energy consumption Compared to the primary energy consumption (PEC), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern took a rapid development here. While the share of RES amounted to only three percent before 2000, a constant growth had to be observed from then on. In 2000, it was already 4.5%, in 2005 about 12.4% and in 2008 even 24.0%, i.e. nearly one quarter of the total primary energy consumption that amounted to 192,884 TJ in 2008 (see LAKE 2011). Which is by far the highest value in Germany. The development of the primary energy consumption from biomass goes equivalent with this. In 2008, biomass contributed with 18.4% to the PEC, i.e. as the most significant RES component. Regarding current production, RES have reached a significant position in the meantime, too. In 2010, nearly half of the produced current (46.2%) was generated from renewable sources, with wind energy in the first and biomass in the second place (including 73.1% biogas, i.e. 1,095.8 GWh). Thus, the region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern reached the Federal Government s requirements for 2020 even in Regarding district heating supply, renewable energies made an important contribution as well. Their share amounted to 29.1% in 2008, i.e. much higher than in any other federal state of Germany [AEE 2011]. Which did not include privately used pellet heatings etc., which need to be added here again. For heating in general biogenic energy sources are the dominant RES. 13 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

14 Table: Potentials and objectives for further extension of renewable energies in the heat sector Status 2005, 2008, Potential until 2020 and growth factor regarding 2005 (Source: Renewable Energy Atlas Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2011) Energy source In use In ues Usable potencial 2005 [GWh] 2008 [GWh] untill 2020 [GWh] Windpower onshore Windpower offshore photovoltaic Water /geothermic Landfill gas Biomass Biogas Total/average Table: Overview about energy supply from RES in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in 2005, 2008 and as outlook to 2020 (Source: Renewable Energy Atlas Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2011) 14 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

15 Overview: Technical potential of the different RES types (blue) and installations by 2020 (orange) 15 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

16 3. Mapping Wind energy State of the Art in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Red dots = turbines installed in 2011 (Source: Renewable Energy Atlas Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2011) 16 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

17 Photovoltaics State of the Art in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Purple bar chart = currently installed capacity; Red large squares = plants with more than 1200 kw (Source: Renewable Energy Atlas Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2011) 17 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

18 Biomass State of the Art in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Blue bar chart = Cereals in ha Purple bar chart =Root crops in ha Brown bar chart = Silage maize in ha Orange bar chart = Oilseed rape in ha Light orange bar chart = Cattle in pieces Dark yellow bar chart = Pigs in pieces Yellow bar chart = Wood in ha (Source: Renewable Energy Atlas Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2011) 18 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

19 Biogas State of the Art in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Red bar chart = Cow manure Orange bar chart = Pig manure Dark yellow bar chart = Maize silage Light green bar chart = Grass land Green bar chart =Garden/Landscape maintenance Dark green bar chart = GPS rye (all figures in TJ/a) (Source: Renewable Energy Atlas Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2011) 19 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM

20 Deep-ground geothermal energy State of the Art in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in 2011 Blue stars = Geothermal central heating systems Light blue stars = Geothermal power station Yellow stars = Heat storage systems (Source: Renewable Energy Atlas Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2011) 20 RES CHAINS IS A PROJECT IN THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM