Hidden Treasures and Secret Keys: Unusual Resources to Understand What Is Really Using Energy in Your Building

Transcription

1 Hidden Treasures and Secret Keys: Unusual Resources to Understand What Is Really Using Energy in Your Building Presenters: Ian Shapiro and Florence Baveye Taitem Engineering

2 Objectives Understand the importance of EXISTING energy use in calculating energy savings Learn about online databases of existing equipment (appliances, HVAC, and more) Learn examples of excellent resources for existing equipment

3 The Importance of EXISTING Energy Use Energy savings = Existing energy use Proposed energy use Energy cost savings = Energy savings * energy rate Payback = Installed cost / Energy cost savings SIR = Net present value of energy cost savings / Installed cost

4 Envelope

5 You ve found some compressed fiberglass insulation. What is its degraded R-value?

6 Table Source: nscorning.com/lit erature/pdfs/ %20Building %20Insul%20Co mpressed%20r- Value%20Chart% 20Tech%20Bulleti n.pdf

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8 Tapered Insulation up on the roof

9 Tapered Insulation things are not as they seem! If you average the minimum and maximum insulation thicknesses, you may overestimate the R-value!

10 The solution a tapered insulation online calculator /tapered-insulation/

11 Tapered Insulation Calculator

12 Stack%20Effect%20Calculator.htm

13 Problem: Window U-factors really vary depending on the size of the window Solution: The software program Window allows simple calculations of U-factors

14 software/window/windo w.html

15 5 x 3 Double Pane U-center = software/window/windo w.html

16 Aluminum Frame software/window/windo w.html

17 Total U-factor = for 5 x 3 window software/window/windo w.html

18 Same window, now 2 x 1 software/window/windo w.html

19 Total U-factor = for 2 x 1 window Total U-factor = for 5 x 3 window software/window/windo w.html

20 Codes and Standards

21 Old energy codes and standards can be super useful to know what was being used historically For example: ASHRAE , 2007, 2010 available for free from law.resource.org IECC available for free here: And many ASHRAE standards are available for free in online read-only versions: -guidelines/other-ashrae-standards-referenced-in-code

22 For example, here are the historic kw/ton for chillers:

23 For example, here are the kw/ton for centrifugal chillers from ASHRAE :

24 Lighting

25 Lighting for Parking Garages: Cool web site with exterior lighting requirements. Area Minimum Horizontal Illuminance 2 - lux (fc) Maximum Max-to- Min Ratio Minimum Vertical Illuminance 3 - lux (fc) Basic 1 10 (1.0) 10:01 5 (0.5) Ramps 4 Day 5 20 (2.0) 10:01 10 (1.0) Night 10 (1.0) 10:01 5 (0.5) Day (50) 250 (25) Entrance Areas Night 10 (1.0) 10:01 5 (0.5) Stairways 20 (2.0) 10 (1.0) 1 = For typical conditions 2 = Measured on the parking surface without any shadowing effects. 3 = Measured 1.5m above parking surface at point of lowest horizontal illuminance (not including points on the boundaries facing outward.) 4 = Applies to clearway ramps (no adjacent parking) but not to sloping floor designs 5 = Daylight may be considered in the design calculation

26 A great web site with tons of good lighting information: case studies, lighting patterns, reports, and more...

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28 ERV/HRV

29 pages/erv/defaultsearch.aspx Current ERV/HRV

30 AHRI ERV/HRV Database: Over 3500 products listed 22% HRV, 78% ERV 76% wheels, 21% flat plates, 3% heat pipes 95% of wheels are ERV, 29% of flat plates are ERV, 0% of heat pipes are ERV

31 Difference between wheel sensible effectiveness at 70/30 versus 95/75: 0.2% Difference between wheel latent effectiveness at 70/30 versus 95/75: 4% CONCLUSION: Air conditions do not substantially change effectiveness from the rated effectiveness.

32 Average wheel sensible effectiveness: 71% In heating Average wheel latent effectiveness: 67% In heating Average wheel total effectiveness: 76% In heating Average plate sensible effectiveness: 62% in heating Average plate latent effectiveness: 47% in heating Average plate total effectiveness: 58% in heating CONCLUSION: Wheels are more efficient.

33 Max wheel sensible effectiveness: Max plate sensible effectiveness: Max heat pipe sensible effectiveness: 82% in heating 82% in heating 53% in heating BUT: High efficiency plates are available.

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35 Transformer Replacement Program for low-voltage Dry-Type Transformers Implementation Manual, Version , April 4, 2013, National Grid

36 Transformer Replacement Program for low-voltage Dry-Type Transformers Implementation Manual, Version , April 4, 2013, National Grid

37 Appliances

38 Waptac refrigerator database: About 41,000 models of refrigerators from 1979 to 1992.

39 Has many (but not all) models, as far back as 1947 or so.

40 Planergy refrigerator database (pdf): Dated 1997, shows age of models - Label is kwh

41 How do I find miscellaneous refrigerators not in these databases?

42 Kenmore energy guide Manufacturer Model number energy guide

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47 And more online databases for example, for clothes washers

48 California Energy Commission: Historical Appliances Data

49 Natural Resources Canada: Clothes Washer Search

50 Mechanical Insulation

51 Whole Building Design Guide: Great website!

52 Input Information Mechanical Insulation: Horizontal Piping Insulation Could also be used for. ducts? Results midg_design_ece.php

53 Input Information Mechanical Insulation: Vertical flat surfaces Example: Water heater flue or water heater jacket Results midg_design_ece.php

54 Other resources

55 Boilers, chillers, furnaces, air conditioners, heat pumps, water heaters, and much more

56 96% Database of Boiler Efficiencies 94% 92% Thermal Efficiency 90% 88% 86% 84% 82% 80% 78% 78% 80% 82% 84% 86% 88% 90% 92% 94% 96% 98% A F U E

57 Only current models

58 Specifically for the food service industry, but includes water heating and ventilation guidance.

59 Questions? Ian Shapiro (607) ext. 115 Florence Baveye (607) ext. 131

60 Pop quiz Question 1: Approximately how much power (in %) do dimming ballasts use when no light output is provided?

61 Pop quiz Question 2: What key words (in addition to make/model) can help you find the energy rating of a refrigerator, in a google search?

62 Pop quiz Question 3: Where can you find the efficiency of an old chiller, based on old standards?

63 Questions? Ian Shapiro (607) ext. 115 Florence Baveye (607) ext. 131