Energy Auditing. A Road to Efficiency

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Byron Marsh
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1 Bucknell Solar Scholars Renewable Energy Workshop 5/12/12 Energy Auditing A Road to Efficiency Stephen Durfee, CEA, CEM Campus Energy Manager Bucknell University 1 Lewisburg, PA

2 Outline ENERGY USE and EFFICIENCY HOME ENERGY ASSESSMENT COMMERCIAL ENERGY AUDITS 2

3 The less energy is consumed.. the less fossil fuels will be burnt 3

4 Home Energy Assessment 4

5 Locating Air Leaks/Reducing Drafts Cuts energy losses by up to 30% Interior- Prevent air infiltration by sealing: Electrical outlets Switch plates Window frames Baseboards Weather stripping around doors Fireplace dampers and attic hatches Wall- or window-mounted air conditioners. 5

6 Locating Air Leaks/Reducing Drafts Cuts energy losses by up to 30% Exterior- Prevent air infiltration by sealing: All exterior corners Cracks or holes in foundation or around pipe penetrations Where siding and chimneys meet Areas where the foundation and the bottom of exterior brick or siding meet 6

7 Slow heating and cooling losses Insulate walls to a recommended minimum R-value of R19 Insulate attic to a recommended minimum R-value of R30 7

8 HVAC Systems Have your system checked annually Check the air filter monthly/replace as needed or quarterly Seal any seams or holes in ductwork Recommended minimum insulation for ductwork is R6 Energy incentives vary and are available for system upgrades 8

9 Lighting Lighting typically accounts for 10% of usage Consider installing compact fluorescents Use task lighting Change behaviors. 9

10 Commercial Energy Audit 10

11 GET AN ENERGY AUDIT You cannot manage what you don t measure. Getting from here to there requires a roadmap. The audit is the foundation for a business plan: A fundamental reference for all concerned Summary of costs, benefits, penalties for inaction Inventory of resource needs Measure of value at risk Criteria for taking action 11

12 When Does it Make Sense to Look at Energy? Modifying major mechanical or lighting systems Replacing major mechanical or lighting systems Capturing incentives and rebates Expanding a facility Seeking opportunities to become green Need to reduce energy bills 12

13 What Does an Energy Audit Involve? KNOWLEDGE of mechanical engineering: combustion, thermodynamics, electric power quality & management principles, HVAC, lighting, an understanding of utility tariffs typically engineers TIME to thoroughly review the subject facility s mechanical drawings, roster of equipment in place, maintenance history and procedures, production schedules, utility bill history, any previous energy audit activity EXPERIENCE. A walk through guided by a person with knowledge of what s already been done, what worked and what didn t DATA collection to capture energy flows at key points ANALYSIS to determine the facility s current energy input/output balance and the specific opportunities to improve that performance DOCUMENTATION of the anticipated cost/benefit performance of recommended Improvements 13

14 Scope of Energy Audits - Supply Side Inventory of fuel and power inputs Onsite fuel storage (mass balance) Utility tariffs (optimal choice) Energy commodity contract strategy Load profile (load management) Demand response (where applicable) 14

15 Scope of Energy Audits - Demand Side Mechanical systems & plant utilities Prime movers: boilers, chillers, compressors Compressed air, water/wastewater treatment Space conditioning Lighting, space heat/cooling/ventilation, domestic water heating Building envelope Roof, windows (fenestration), insulation Heat recovery From combustion, process emissions 15

16 Audit Instruments Measured parameter Electrical Multi-meter Wattmeter Power factor meter Light meter (lux meter) Power quality analyzer Infrared scanner Hair hygrometer Digital thermometer Pressure and Velocity Pilotstatic tube manometer Digital type anemometer with probe Vane type anemometer Hood type anemometer Liquid pressure Ultrasonic flow meter Exhaust gas analyzer with probe Refrigerant gas leakage tester Ultrasonic leak detector Steam leak detector Tachometer Data logging device Voltage, current, resistance Active power (kw) Power Factor / Apparent power (kva) calculation Lighting level in lux (illuminance / illumination level) Harmonic contents / Other electrical parameters Useful to sense energy losses Humidity/wet bulb temperature Humidity/wet bulb temperature Air flow pressure and velocity Air flow velocity and pressure Air velocity Flow rate of air grille Pressure Liquid flow/velocity Boiler exhaust temperature, O, CO, Detect refrigerant leakage Detect compressed air leakage Steam leakage, usually for steam trap Rotating speed Electronic measurement over time 16

17 Normal steam trap operation??? Infrared scanning shows the true story 17

18 Exhaust Hood Ventilation Systems 18

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21 Combustion Control System Retrofit 21

22 VFD Retrofit Centrifugal Liquid Chiller 22

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24 Mechanical System Control Modifications 24 Optimizing Building Automation Controls

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26 Daylight Harvesting Controls 26

27 Outdoor Area Lighting LED Retrofits 27

28 Routine and Scheduled HVAC Maintenance 28 Preventative Maintenance Program

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30 Possible Outcomes of an Energy Audit Adopt energy efficient technologies Use less energy while maintaining the same level of service Opportunities to upgrade to best practice procedures Diversify energy risk Identify alternative energy formats and suppliers Optimize energy expense Time of use, account/meter configuration, procurement strategy, demand response 30

31 After the energy audit-- Implementation Auditing field is dominated by TECHNICAL experts, but Final decisions often rest with non technical BUSINESS people Need to bridge the technical and business dimensions 31

32 CULTURE CHANGE Energy improvements involve CHANGE CHANGE requires a decision CHANGE issues are PEOPLE issues: Awareness Capability Accountability Motivation Empowerment Identify and remove barriers to changing habits and procedures that allow energy waste 32

33 An Energy Audit is Only a Road Map The act of conducting an audit fixes nothing An audit gets you nowhere if you do not implement its recommendations Like a good road map, and energy audit will: Show you HOW to get to your destination Save you time, money, and effort IF YOU DECIDE TO TAKE THE TRIP. 33

34 Questions? 34

Implementing Low-Cost Energy Savings Projects & Conducting Energy Audits

AEP Ohio Customer Seminar Implementing Low-Cost Energy Savings Projects & Conducting Energy Audits Presented by: Julie Birchfield Customer Manager Energy Optimizers, USA May, 2018 Test your Energy IQ 11