ERMS Environmental Risk Management System

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Thomasine Stephens
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1 ERMS Environmental Risk Management System by Ivar Singsaas Coordinator

2 Background Norwegian authorities requirements of 1997: Zero discharges to sea DREAM (Dose-related Risk and Effect Assessment Model) JIP, The success of the Environmental Impact Factor for produced water discharges - EIF PW

3 Objectives The overall objective was to develop an environmental risk-based decision supporting tool with focus on drilling discharges. This tool shall help the oil industry to establish cost-effective mitigation measures for reducing potential harmful discharges to the marine environment from drilling operations.

4 Main topics OG21, Oslo Applied Chemistry 4

5 Main differences EIF PW vs. EIF DD For drilling discharges: Additional environmental compartment Non-toxic stressors in addition to toxicity Different time scale Long monitoring experience in Norway Water column Produced Water Componentspecific EIFs Bottom sediments Drilling Operations

6 Challenges Application of principles for environmental hazard and risk assessment originally developed for evaluation of single toxic components to mixture of toxic and non-toxic stressors Including requirements on precautionary from EU-TGD Including two compartments Including short and long term exposure Estimating the overall risk of toxic and non-toxic stressors in one estimator (EIF)

7 EIF = Environment Impact Factor. A measure for potential environmental risk, that is, damage on marine organisms from a discharge to sea. EIF is defined as being proportional to the water volume where PEC/PNEC > 1. PEC = Predicted Environmental Concentration. Concentrations in the recipient calculated with the DREAM model. Concentrations are calculated as a function of x, y, z and time. PNEC = Predicted No Effect Concentration. The largest concentration of a product or a chemical expected to cause no measurable environmental effects. For offshore chemicals the PNEC value is determined from acute toxicity testing results values divided by an assessment factor.

8 Release information 1. Hazard identification Literature information 2. Exposure Modeling (PEC) 3. Effect assessment (PNEC/thresholds) 3. Thresholds based on monitoring data monitoring information 4. Risk assessment Field specific comparison Biological indices monitoring information

9 Hazard identification Based on detailed knowledge within companies and scientific literature (e.g. Patin, 1999; Neff, 1987) Stressors in the water column Toxicity (chemicals) Suspended matter (barite, bentonite, etc.) Stressors in the sediment Toxicity (chemicals) Oxygen depletion (caused by degradation) Change in grain size (cuttings and mud) Burial (cuttings and mud)

10 Exposure modelling DREAM model upgraded to cover the sediment compartment Varying concentrations in time and space in the water column and sediment (Rye et al., accepted IEAM)

11 Calculation of PEC 1 30'E 1 45'E 2 00'E 2 15'E 2 30'E 2 45'E 20 km Concentration field for discharge of produced water, calculated with the DREAM model 'N 61 20'N The figure shows the sum of all compounds that contribute to potential risk to the environment: added chemicals dispersed oil PAH s phenols heavy metals 61 10'N 61 00'N 60 50'N 1 30'E 1 45'E 2 00'E 2 15'E 2 30'E 5:00: 'E 61 10'N 61 00'N 60 50'N

12 Risk assessment principles Time variable exposure concentrations calculated with DREAM (PEC) Threshold values (PNECs) following EU-TGD or SSDs Toxicants few data: assessment factors (TGD) Toxicants many data: SSDs based on chronic NOECs (TGD) Non-toxic stressors: SSDs based on EC50s (De Zwart,2002) Evaluation of single stressors: Comparison of PEC and PNEC PEC: PNEC ratio

1 30'E 1 45'E 2 00'E 2 15'E 2 30'E 2 45'E 20 km Calculation of EIF 61 20'N 61 20'N 60 50'N Example of the calculated risk contributions for the concentration field.

13 1 30'E 1 45'E 2 00'E 2 15'E 2 30'E 2 45'E 20 km Calculation of EIF 61 20'N 61 20'N 60 50'N Example of the calculated risk contributions for the concentration field. Red area indicates the water volume where the concentrations exceed the PNEC level, that is, PEC/PNEC > 1 for the red area 'N 61 00'N 61 10'N 61 00'N 60 50'N Risk Map Time Series 5:00: 'E 1 45'E 2 00'E 2 15'E 2 30'E 2 45'E

14 Time development of the EIF water EIF_water (100x100x10 m 3 ) Contribution to risk Particulate matter Toxicity chemical 1 chemical 2 chemical 3 chemical time (days)

15 Time development of the EIF sediment EIF_sediment (100x100 m 2 ) Grainsize Oxygen Toxicity Burial Contribution to risk toxicant 1 toxicant 2 toxicant 3 toxicant time (days)

16 Deliverables License to the final DREAM model for simulation of produced water and drilling discharges 28 scientific reports 8 papers in scientific journals Oral presentations and posters 2 Newsletters distributed A brochure on Environmental Impact Factor for Drilling Discharges A CD including key information from the program, copy of reports and key presentations of the program and main findings Web page:

17 Program management Steering Committee: Eimund Garpestad, ConocoPhillips Melania Buffagni, Eni Ingvild Skare, ExxonMobil Odd-Arne Follum, Hydro Leticia Falcao Veiga, Petrobras Knut Bakke, Shell Ståle Johnsen, Statoil Ulf-Einar Moltu, Total Program coordinator: Ivar Singsaas, SINTEF

18 Cooperating R&D institutions with contact persons MUST: Frode Brakstad Univ. of Oslo: Anders Bjørgesæter TNO-IMARES: Mathijs Smit Akvamiljø: Steinar Sanni Battelle: Greg Durell Akvaplan-niva: Salve Dahle SINTEF: Henrik Rye; Mark Reed

19 Acknowledgement The oil companies financing the ERMS program are acknowledged for financial support as well as scientific contribution during the program. Thanks also to the cooperating R&D institutions for a good cooperation, scientific contribution and many interesting workshops scientifically as well as socially.

Framework for the Environmental Impact Factor for Drilling Discharges (EIF DD ) Mathijs.G.D. Smit Formerly TNO-IMARES, Presently IRIS / Statoil

Framework for the Environmental Impact Factor for Drilling Discharges (EIF DD ) Mathijs.G.D. Smit Formerly TNO-IMARES, Presently IRIS / Statoil Outline Introduction Development of a framework Identification