CASE STUDIES CARRIED OUT BY AQUATEAM

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1 CASE STUDIES CARRIED OUT BY AQUATEAM Summary document updated Water injection Block 34/7 Formation and injection water test at well no.34/4-7 Selection of Seawater intake depth. Impact on seawater quality from disposal from platforms and drilling rigs Evaluation of data from water injection test at well no. 34/7-7 stuudies Valhall Microbiological Influenced Corrosion and Biofouling Investigation of causes for injectivity problems caused by solids Statoil Hydro BP & courses, sampling & calibration Labwork Field and labwork survey survey survey Procedures for water quality control from seawater filtration package performance Testing of preservation methods on particulates Definition of particle size distribution and particulate density of particles from the prefilter from Ekofisk K Particulate analysis of water from 2/4 Kilo Backflowing of injector wells in the Statfjord Field Water Injection Audit, Statfjord A, B & C Microbiological consultancy Statfjord water injection systems Filtration tests of injection water on Ekofisk Procedures for water quality control of seawater filtration package performance Microbiological control in the Water injection system of Ekofisk. Specialised for all operators Sulphate Removal Membrane Package Assessment of the Heidrun SRP with respect to biological fouling and particulate fouling Sampling and laboratory services Design of a standard sampling and analytical program for formation and injection water Laboratory inter-calibration test for analysis of formation water and injection water Resistivity measurements of formation water samples Establishing and operating of an ecotoxicological laboratory service with GLP quality criteria Accreditation of sampling services connected to discharge permit sampling and analyses Produced Water Treatment Surveying operational aspects leading to expedience of the produced water discharge permit on Oseberg F Verification of online oil droplet size monitoring Assessing causes of and mitigation measures to limit sea surface sheen from produced water discharges, Aker Offshore Partners. Read Process Engineering Statoil Hydro Norwegian Petroleum Directorate(NPD) Chemical suppliers and operators Wastewater treatment plants Norsk Hydro ExxonMobil Mærsk Oil Postal address Office address Telephone address Bank account Aquateam A/S Hasleveien first name.surename@aquateam.no P.O. Box 6875 Rodeløkka N-0571 Oslo Telefax Internet Enterprise No. N-0504 Oslo NO MVA Norway

2 - and field survey - and field survey Field Field surveys Feasibility, documentation commissioning Lab work Draugen Produced Water Risk Assessment Study (Phase I and II) Characterization of produced water and seawater fluids Collection of ecotoxicological information of produced water constituents Characterization of water accommodated fraction of crude oil from Draugen Environmental risk assessment and risk management of different produced water disposal options Valhall Produced Water Management Produced Water Treatment Technology Assessment EIF assessment of PW discharges Pilot testing of the Epcon CFU technology Pilot testing of the Siemens Walnut Shell filter technology Pilot testing of the C-Tour technology with hydrocyclones and with CFU Assessment of production chemicals impact on emulsion formation Assessment of produced water quality and impact on MIC ETAP Produced water treatment Pilot scale testing of M-I Swaco s Epcon CFU and TS-Technology s CFU WND Produced water treatment Technology evaluation Evaporation evaluation LUVA Produced Water treatment - FEED phase Dagny field Produced water treatment technology Third party independent expert verification of feasibility for produced water treatment on the Shtokman field 3D dispersion modelling of produced water effluents to assess produced water treatment plant effluent quality based on Russian regulations at 500 m from the discharge Water Injection Audit, Statfjord A, B & C Microbiological consultancy Statfjord water injection systems Documentation of test results from produced water treatment using the Epcon treatment skid on the Oseberg Field Investigation and documentation of performance of the Epcon technology in pilot test [Oseberg C and F (Norsk Hydro): Brage (Norsk Hydro) Troll C (Norsk Hydro); Gullfaks B (Statoil); Draugen (Norske Shell); Ekofisk 2/4 J (): Heidrun (Statoil) Gialo Field (Waha Oil Company); Snorre/Vigdis (Statoil): Åsgard (Statoil); RWE Dea Gullfaks C (Statoil); Veslefrikk (Statoil): Norne (Statoil) Documentation of performance of the Epcon technology in full scale testing [Troll C; Brage; Heidrun; Snorre/Vigdis] Investigation of upstream conditions (process equipment, rates, pressure, chemicals etc ) on the performance of Epcon CFU Investigation of treatability of produced water with Epcon technology on platforms SCA (ONGC, India); ICP (ONGC, India); NA (ONGC, India) Investigation of treatability in laboratory scale tests on o Various fields in Brasil (Petrobras) o Water for injection in Germany (RWE-DEA) o Solvent re-circulation for Bayer in Belgium Investigation and documentation of performance of the Epcon technology downstream the CTour technology in high pressure systems on Ekofisk and Valhall Technology Assessment of the CFU technology Shell BP Norway BP E & P UK Statoil SDAG (Shtokman Development AG) Champion Technology M-I Epcon Page 2:7

3 Upscaling of the Epcon CFU technology The Epcon CFU zero discharge technology Investigation of upset operation situations for the CFU technology Documentation of case R&D technology development; Petromaks: Sustainable Produced Water Treatment increasing the EpconCFU operating window to include solids removal Qualification of new technology to remove BTEX and treat and field work condensate water JIP: Statoil and BP Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI), lab and field Four year R&D projectlab & field work Feasibility & field offshore Feasibility offshore Feasibility of PWRI on Gullfaks Backflow of injection wells on Statfjord o Seawater injection wells o PWRI injected wells Assessment of amount of solids, particle size distribution and composition on Grane Assessment of water quality in water re-injected on Oseberg Sør o Solids and oil droplet size distribution, surface charge and composition Statoil o Pigging survey o Impact of water treatment o Impact of mixing seawater and produced water Feasibility of PWRI on Snorre o Impact of solids treatment technology o Solids quality, particle size and composition assessment Sustainable produced water re-injection, Reservoir souring Norwegian Souring mitigation (nitrate, nitrite, biocides) Research Council, Equipment biofouling control BP, Shell, Total, Microbial induced corrosion control (MIC) ConocoPhilips, Corrosion control YPF, Yara The Ula PWRI Injectivity BP, Saga Seawater and produced water compatibility Petroleum, Corrosion, scaling, solids (injectivity) and reservoir souring Enterprise Oil, investigation Shell, Hydro Field documentation of a three year Ekofisk Produced Water Reinjection pilot PWRI; - particles in produced water Bacteria test regarding PWRI Function test of PWRI Filter Package Ekofisk K-29 Backflow. Microbiological and chemical analysis of backflowed fluids Characterisation of produced water for reinjection Commissioning test of the CrudeSorb Filter Package, Ekofisk Kilo Testing of preservation methods on particulates Definition of particle size distribution and particulate density of particles from a prefilter from Ekofisk K Particulate analysis of water from 2/4 Kilo Biological removal of sulphide and inhibition of the activity of SRB using nitrate and nitrite in produced water reinjection Draugen PWRI Pilot Water Quality Investigations of produced water and injection water on Draugen Baseline for produced water on Draugen. Investigation in Shell September 2002 and April 2003 Investigation of the souring potential with respect to implementation of PWRI Page 3:7

4 Nitrate/nitrite based souring mitigation using the souring mitigation cabinet Forecasting the reservoir souring during PWRI results from microbiological surveys Reservoir Souring and Injectivity Studies Gathering world wide experience within reservoir souring & desk top & desk top & desk top Field offshore Desk top Onshore courses Onshore courses Onshore Workshop Courses, workshops and seminars Training course Corrosion coupon analysis; Ekofisk Water Injection Microbiological offshore consultancy biofilm Microbiological control on the Ekofisk field Microbiological mapping of backflowed fluids from PWRI well C-14 Microbiological mapping of backflowed fluids from the seawater injection wells Investigating H 2 S sources on Eko M PWRI pilot on Draugen Theoretic reservoir souring assessment Full scale pilot using Souring Mitigation Cabinet (SMC) PWRI of Nitrate application PWRI pilot on Snorre Injectivity control Reservoir souring control Water quality assessment of injection water on Oseberg Sør The impact of jetting pipelines Solids, Oil, microbial activity variations Reservoir souring assessment of alternative injection water and produced water handling on Draupne Training and Education Norwegian Oil Operators Association (OLF), Champion Technologies, TR Oil Services Shell Norsk Hydro Det Norske oljeselskap Microbiology and water treatment; Training program for all operators on the Greater Ekofisk Area Produced water treatment; Working Routines and Training for operators from Oseberg F Backflow Workshop detailing backflow programme Environmental assessment of oilfield chemicals application User seminar CHARM for Norwegian Operators and chemical suppliers User seminar for Petro Vietnam Course in ecotoxicological testing and the CHARM model for Petro Vietnam CHARM Implementation Network meetings (OSPAR countries) Produced water treatment Training course Decommissioning Decommissioning of pipelines in the North Sea. The impact on the marine environment of leaving pipelines in place Evaluation of impact of substances released from pipelines used in oil and gas activities in the North Sea Effects on the environment from removal of pipelines used for transport of oil and gas offshore Norsk Hydro PetroBras European Oilfield Speciality Chemicals Suppliers Association (EOSCA)members + Authorities + Operators BP UK Norwegian Oil & Energy Department Chairman for Ekofisk Tank Decommissioning Page 4:7

5 the SRG Scientific Review Group (SRG) for the Decommissioning of the Ekofisk Tank Design and Water treatment for mercury removal at AF Decom plant for recycling operational assistance offshore decommissioned topside equipment AF Decom Brent Decommissioning & Feasibility for Development of a Physical Mobil System for laboratory GBS Storage Cells remediation Environmental sampling and analyses of GBS Storage cell content & field investigations and laboratory and laboratory Desk top Desk top Valhall Planning investigations of drill cuttings pile Sampling, monitoring and mapping of composition Environmental risk assessment Environmental Risk Assessment Chem North Sea Project: Development of a chemical product screening protocol for oilfield chemicals Biodegradation testing of oilfield chemicals Bioaccumulation testing of oilfield chemicals Determination of the oil/water distribution factor of oilfield chemicals Determination of an overall ecoscore of oilfield chemicals Chemical Hazard And Risk Management (CHARM) project development A Norwegian-Dutch MoU Project: CHARM - Chemical Hazard Assessment and Risk Management Model for Environmental Risk Evaluation of Chemical Discharges from Offshore Activities Norwegian Guidelines for the CHARM model for environmental ranking of production and injection chemicals OSPAR - Harmonized control system for chemicals evaluation Review of environmental impact from drilling chemicals Assessment of environmental effects of offshore production chemicals Toxicity testing of drilling muds Development of a standardized procedure for determination of biodegradation of drilling muds Surrogate methods for determination of biodegradation potential Biodegradation testing of a drilling mud and its components Oil/water partitioning of oilfield chemicals - Validation of CHARM algorithms Characterization of BOD-contributing organics in water in oil discharges through the pipelines from Norwegian oil fields to Teeside Analysis of production chemicals in produced water from Ekofisk and determination of chemical discharge factors Establishment of a chemical Mass Balance Model for the greater Ekofisk area Software for calculating chemical consumption and discharges Documentation including initial validation Evaluation of biodegradation of resin in biological wastewater treatment plants Environmental risk assessment of applying red corrosion inhibitors to protect the Ekofisk Teeside pipeline Environmental risk assessment of alternative chemical usage Holistic environmental risk (energy, emission and discharge) assessment of different scenarios for handling well fluids Environmental classification of hydrocarbons including crude oil Marine environmental risk assessment Development and implementation og environmental risk assessment Shell UK Limited BP Conoco SFT, OLF, The Norwegian Research Council- MoU No-Ne, EOSCA, NSOC/D Shell The Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) Page 5:7

6 Guidelines for contaminated soil and groundwater Expert assistance in OSPAR and EU on chemical classification and risk assessment including surfactants and petroleum hydrocarbons and crude oil, field wok and operational assistance, field wok and operational assistance Field work Onshore Oil & Gas processing Evaluation of a biological treatment plant for petrochemical wastewater Optimization of biological wastewater treatment plant Technical assistance biological treatment plant Detailed design/tender documents for sludge handling plan Prefeasibility Sludge treatment alternatives Detailed design Sludge handling plant at Tjeldbergodden Biodegradation of chemicals when added to WWTP Evaluation of the capacity of the industrial wastewater treatment plant at Troll Kollsnes Operational assistance in WWTP Extension of biological treatment plant at Kollsnes gas terminal Third party independent feasibility and conceptual of effluent water treatment technology for Gudrun and Dagny oil to Kårstø Carbon Capture Mongstad-treatment and handling of amine process effluents Management of produced water onshore Mongstad Evaluation of performance and recommendations for improvement of the Mongstad water treatment plant Optimization of wastewater treatment plant-commissioning Assistance in design and operation of biological treatment plant On the job Evaluation of existing technology on effluent treatment plant at Kårstø processing terminal Biological treatment of wastewater from oil refineries TFD Kollsnes Concept Selection Study Assistance in tendering of the upgrade of Kollsnes WWTP Mongstad Operation Melkøya Operation ABB Miljø Norsk Viftefabrikk Aker Kværner Engineering and Technology AS Concept WWTP Kollsnes Bergen Engineering AS Desk op and Technical assistance at Baton Rouge petrochemical wastewater Exxon Chemical field treatment plant Desk top and Consulting for optimisation of biological treatment plant Exxon Mobil field Chemical Company Desk top Assessing the produced water treatment feasibility for Trinidad BP TT and Tobago Operational Technical assistance concerning biodegradation analysis. Technical Anox Kaldnes assistance assistance during pilot testing at Survon, Korea Desk top, field surveys and pilot Desk top and workshop, lab and Miscellaneous consulting work Evaluation of treatment processes for effluents from an oil recycling plant Treatment of wastewater from regeneration of different hydrocarbon and photo chemicals wastes Evaluation of possibilities for biological treatment of water from rerefinery plant for re-cycled oil in an existing wastewater treatment plant Assessing discharge permit application NSO Holding Spesialolje Shell Global Solutions Technology evaluation: Once Through Steam Generators and water treatment to enhance oil production of heavy oil fields Ormen Lange Onshore Plant (Nyhamna). Discharge permit chemical and ecotoxicological assessment Shell Microbial health risk assessment of aerosols from wastewater Page 6:7

7 field investigations treatment system and from water distribution systems in general Assessment of the impact on water treatment plant and discharge of changed operation of drilling Sampling and monitoring of performance of the effluent water treatment plant Environmental risk assessment of effluent water treatment and documentation to the Norwegian Authorities Assessment of environmental impact of unloading wells to the Nyhamna processing plant and treating backflowed well chemicals in the effluent water treatment plant Contingency planning: o Condensate assembling; environmental and health risk assessment Treatment technology for clean-up of a possible MEG and condensate spill (technology evaluation and laboratory treatability ), lab, pilot and field Specialities Oil/Solids emulsion formation and management Biological wastewater treatment Solids behaviour & handling Oil droplet and solids particle size distribution and surface charge Biofilm formation & Microbial influenced corrosion Oilfield microbiology Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) Water quality compatibility and assessment Reservoir Souring & Mitigation Technology Assessment : Water Treatment, Solids- and sludge management Environmental Risk Assessment R&D Project and several case with vendors Page 7:7

aquateam A Review of PWRI experience: Souring Mitigation, MIC Control and Monitoring

aquateam A Review of PWRI experience: Souring Mitigation, MIC Control and Monitoring A Review of PWRI experience: Souring Mitigation, MIC Control and Monitoring TEKNA Produced Water Management Conference 2011, Stavanger, Norway Anthony J Dinning, PhD Microbiologist Aquateam www..no The