VEDVARENDE ENERGILØSNINGER OG TOTALENERGIKRAV I BR OG EPBD - PERSPEKTIVERING FRA EN BYGGEFORSKER

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1 VEDVARENDE ENERGILØSNINGER OG TOTALENERGIKRAV I BR OG EPBD - PERSPEKTIVERING FRA EN BYGGEFORSKER Per Heiselberg Department of Civil Engineering

2 NEAR ZERO, NET ZERO, PLUS - ENERGY BUILDINGS FIRST IDEAS TO RESEARCH ACTIVITIES W I THIN THE AREA OF N E A R Z E R O, NET ZERO, PLUS ENERGY B U L D I N GS M A T E R I A L I Z ED IN R E S U L T ED A M ONG OTHERS I N T H E FOLLOWING M A J OR RESEARCH ACTIVITIES: IEA SHC Task 40 / EBC Annex 52 ( ) Zero Emission Centre, NTNU Norway ( ) ZEB Centre, Denmark ( )

3 NEAR- OR NETZEBS A HOLISTIC APPROACH feed-in energy [export: kwh, CO 2, etc.] Building Regulation Cost optimum level net zero balance line energy supply starting point delivered energy [import: kwh, CO 2, etc.] energy efficiency Source: Karsten Voss, Wuppertal University, Germany

4 TEAM+ appointed winner Architects ARKITEMA, Leif Hansen Consulting Engineers A/S, Esbensen Consulting Engineers A/S, FAKTOR 3 Aps, DONG Energy, Thornton Thomassetti, Housing Organisation Ringgården, BAU-HOW Denmark.

5 RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY OPTIONS On-site RES 1. PV-HP: Photovoltaic installations and a ground source heat pump. 2. PV-MiCHP(biogas): Photovoltaic installations and a micro fuel cell biogas CHP. 3. PV-MiCHP(biomass): Photovoltaic installations and a micro Stirling biomass CHP. 4. PV-MiCHP(H 2 ): Photovoltaic installations and a micro fuel cell CHP fuelled with hydrogen. 5. PV-DH: Photovoltaic installations and connection to the district heating grid. Off-site RES 1. WM-HP: Off-site windmill and a ground source heat pump. 2. SofW-HP: Owning share of a windmill farm and a ground source heat pump. 3. El100%-HP: Building connected to power grid, which in 100% is supplied with renewable energy sources and a ground source heat pump. 4. W-DH: Off-site windmill and connection to the district heating grid. 5. SofW-DH: Owning share of a windmill farm and with connection to the district heating grid.

6 Million /year TOTAL ANNUAL COST OF NETZEB 1,10 1,00 on-site RES off-site RES 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 Primary energy demand BR2010 Source: Marszal, A., Heiselberg, P., Jensen, R.L., Nørgaard, J. Renewable Energy 44: p , BR2015 BR2020 BR2010: 52,7 kwh/m 2 BR2015: 30,1 kwh/m 2 BR2020: 20,0 kwh/m 2

7 OPTIMUM ENERGY SAVINGS IN THE BUIDLING SECTOR Present average energy use Ref.: Professor Henrik Lund, AAU

8 LOAD MATCHING IN AN ALL ELECTRIC HOME 100 % heating dominated climate 100 % residential building 75 solar potential energy load annual cycle 0 daily cycle Source: Karsten Voss, Wuppertal University, Germany

9 THE PROSUMING BUILDING Domestic hot water: 18,3 kwh/m2 year Space heating: 15 kwh/m2 year Electricity for operating the house: 6,7 kwh/m2year Electricity for household 13,2 kwh/m2 year PV electricity production: 29,1 kwh/m2 year Solar thermal: 11 kwh/m2 year Heat pump thermal output: 22,4 kwh/m2 year Source: Ellen Katrine Hansen, VKR Holding

10 ENERGY IMPORT/EXPORT Reference: Lund, H., Marszal, A., and Heiselberg, P.. Energy and Buildings 43 (2011)

11 WIND SOLAR THERMAL HEAT PUMP ZEB Reference: Lund, H., Marszal, A., and Heiselberg, P.. Energy and Buildings 43 (2011)

12 WIND SOLAR THERMAL HEAT PUMP ZEB Reference: Lund, H., Marszal, A., and Heiselberg, P.. Energy and Buildings 43 (2011) % ZEB capacity needed to achieve economic balance

13 ENERGY IMPORT/EXPORT Reference: Lund, H., Marszal, A., and Heiselberg, P.. Energy and Buildings 43 (2011) % ZEB capacity needed to achieve economic balance

14 HEATING FLEXIBILITY USING BUILDING THERMAL MASS FOR STORAGE Type of buildings PARAMETER VARIATION Type of activation (duration, starting time, increase vs. decrease) Type of emitters Temperature set-point BR 79 (140 kwh/m².yr) +2K Temperature set-point Time 2 24 hrs Passive house (14 kwh/m².yr) Source:: Le Dreau and Heiselberg To be published Sizing factor + 25% -2K Time

15 RADIATOR/UNDERFLOOR HEATING [ALL DAYS OF HEATING SEASON] Source:: Le Dreau and Heiselberg To be published

16 CONTROL SCENARIOS FOR FLEXIBLE DEMAND S CENARIO # 1 (4 HRS CONSERVATION) : THE SET - P OINT IS D E C R E ASED B Y 2 K IN PERIODS W I T H HIGH PRICES, B U T FOR A M A X I M U M PERIOD OF 4 HOURS. THIS MODULATION CAN BE R E P E ATED OVER THE DAY A F T E R A WAITING PERIOD OF 4 HOURS. S CENARIO # 2 (4 HRS STORAGE AND CONSERVATION) : THE S E T - P OINT IS DECREASED BY 2 K IN PERIODS W I T H HIGH PRICES OR I N C R E A SED B Y 2 K IN PERIODS W I T H LOW PRICES, B U T FOR A M A X I M U M PERIOD OF 4 HOURS. THESE M ODULATIONS CAN B E R E P E ATED OVER THE DAY A F T E R A WAITING PERIOD OF 4 HOURS. S C E N A RIO # 3 ( 6 H R S STORAGE AND C ONSERVATION) : S I M I L A R TO SCENARIO # 2, B U T WITH 6 HRS. F l e x i b i lity f a ctor = q heating need low q heating need { high } q heating need low + q heating need { high }

17 EXAMPLE OF FLEXIBILITY ACHIEVED (SINGLE- FAMILY HOUSE 80 S). Radiator Underfloor heating Ref. # 1 # 2 # 3 Ref. # 1 # 2 # 3 mean(t op ) ( C) min(t op ) ( C) max(t op ) ( C) Heating need (kwh/m².year) Share of tariff (kwh/m².year) Ref # 1 # 2 # Ref # 1 # 2 # 3 Flexibility factor (-) 0 0 Low Medium High Low Medium High

18 EXAMPLE OF FLEXIBILITY ACHIEVED (PASSIVE HOUSE). Radiator Underfloor heating Ref. # 4 # 5 # 6 Ref. # 4 # 5 # 6 mean(t op ) ( C) min(t op ) ( C) max(t op ) ( C) Heating need (kwh/m².year) Share of tariff (kwh/m².year) Ref # 1 # 2 # Ref # 1 # 2 # 3 Flexibility factor (-) 0 0 Low Medium High Low Medium High

19 CASE STUDY SØRUP ST STRING 4 STRING 2 STRING 5 STRING 1 STRING 6 STRING 7 STRING 3 Source: Marszal and Mendaza To be published

20 RESOLUTION RESULTS A W E E K IN J AN U AR Y AN D AU GUST C AS E I T H E CURRENT S T A T U S O F T H E L V N E T W O R K CAS E II D E A % O F H P 25% O F P V 25% O F T H E H O U S E H O L D S ARE ZEBS. C AS E III DEA % O F H P 50% O F P V 50% O F T H E H O U S E H O L D S ARE ZEBS. Source: Marszal and Mendaza To be published

21 REFLECTIONS BUILDINGS IN THE FUTURE What is actually their role in an integrated energy system, What will be required? What will be beneficial? Will flexible demand and RE production in buildings be beneficial for system performance? How to activate flexibility through price signals, aggregators,? What is the business case? Is the cost acceptable? How do we engage building owners and users? What will the implications be on new building design and building renovation (regulations, etc.)?..

22 Per Heiselberg Aalborg University Thanks for your attention