Toward Low carbon and Resilient Development JICA s Cooperation for Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation in Indonesia

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1 Toward Low carbon and Resilient Development JICA s Cooperation for Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation in Indonesia 24 May, 2013 Southeast Asia and Pacific Department Global Environment Department Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

2 Challenges for Low Carbon Development Global CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2009) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion in EAS( East Asia + US, Russia) accounts for 63% in Shift to Low Carbon Development by developing Asia is essential for global CO 2 emission control through such as: Improving energy efficiency/promoting renewable energy; Developing mass transit systems; Renovating people s lifestyle and material flows Development Cobenefit Mitigation 2

3 Climate Change in Indonesia : GHG emissions GHG(Green House Gas) GHG Emissions including LUCF (2005) GHG emissions by sector, 2005 (MtCO2e) MtCO2e 8,000 7,000 7,187 6,814 Waste, 35, 2% Energy, 398, 19% 6,000 5,000 Industry, 19, 1% 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 2,842 2,042 2,005 1,866 1, Agriculture, 132, 6% 0 China USA Brazil Indonesia Russia India Japan Germany Canada Mexico Source: WRI-CAIT land use change & forestry, 1,459, 72% Source: WRI-CAIT Current emissions: 4 th largest emitting country when land use change &forestry is included. Forestry land : 2 nd largest in the world after Brazil (27% of the world total). Estimated emissions: It is estimated to grow from 1.76 Gt CO 2 e 2005 to 2.95 Gt CO 2 e in

4 Japan s Cooperation for Climate Change in Indonesia 2007 Aug. : Japan Indonesia Joint Statement on post Kyoto cooperation Nov. : Indonesia National Action Plan Addressing Climate Change 2008 Sep. : Japan: Climate Change Program Loan (CCPL) (I) (JICA: 300 mill. USD, AFD: 200 mill. USD)) 2009 Dec. : CCPL (II) (JICA: 400mill.USD, AFD: 300 mill. USD) Oct. : Indonesia announced national target 26% cut (41% with international cooperation) by 2020 at G20 meeting 2010 Jun. : CCPL (III) (JICA: 300 mill. USD, AFD: 300 mill. USD, World Bank: 200 mill. USD) Oct.: Project of Capacity Development for Climate Change Strategies 2011 Nov.: GOI/GOJ agreed Bilateral Cooperation on Climate Change 4

5 Framework of CCPL CCPL (Climate Change Program Loan) In line with Indonesia s national strategies, Policy Matrices were agreed and jointly monitored through series of dialogues on steering committees (SCs). Budget support in three tranches. 5

6 CCPL Policy Matrix( ) 1.1:Mainstreaming climate change in the national development program Pillar 1: Key policy issues 1.2:Financing scheme and policy coordination for climate change 1.3:GHG emission and absorption measurement 2.1:Forestry Forest management & governance Peatland conservation REDD/Afforestation & reforestation Pillar 2: Mitigation 2.2:Energy Renewable energy development Energy efficiency Pricing 2.3:Transportation Modal shifting Traffic management Better combustion engines and fuels 3.1:Climate forecasting & impact and vulnerability assessment Pillar 3: Adaptation 3.2:Water resources 3.3:Agriculture 3.4:Marine and fisheries Status of 2011 actions Exceed Attained Substantial Progress Unfulfilled Total

7 Project of Capacity Development for Climate Change Strategies in Indonesia ( ) SUB PROJECT 1 Mainstreaming of mitigation and adaptation in development planning Counterpart: National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) 1. Capacity development for nationally appropriate mitigation actions 2. Capacity development for integrating adaptation into development planning 3. RAD GRK: North and South Sumatera SUB PROJECT 2 Vulnerability assessment Counterpart: The Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) 1. Capacity development for climate change vulnerability assessment 2. Capacity development for analyzing climate change projection models (Pilot Site: Bali, vulnerability assessment report, climate change vulnerability maps) SUB PROJECT 3 Prepare national GHG inventories Counterpart: Ministry of Environment (KLH) 1. Capacity development of inventory office (SIGN Center) at KLH 2. Institutional arrangement of national system for preparing GHG inventories (data collection, compilation and quality assurance ) 3. Compilation of GHG Inventory for

8 Progress of the Capacity Development SUB PROJECT1: Mainstreaming of Climate Change in Dev. Planning Policy/Institutional Development: (1) To support development of national mitigation and adaptation plans (RAN GRK and RAN API(national adaptation plan) ) (2) To help establish RAN GRK secretariat Climate Change activities by local government To support local mitigation plan (RAD GRK) processes in North and South Sumatra Mainstreaming in National Mid Term Development Plan (RPJMN: ) Background Study for mainstreaming climate change in RPJMN for 5 development sectors; (i) Environment, (ii) Agriculture, (iii) Forestry, (iv) Marine & Fisheries and (v) Energy SUB PROJECT 2 Vulnerability assessment Pilot project for drafting Vulnerability Assessment Map at Bali Down scaling of Global Climate Model(GCM) and vulnerability SUB PROJECT 3 Prepare national GHG inventories FY2011: Presidential Regulation for National GHG Inventory Establishment of SIGN Center Capacity Development for GHG Inventory for KLH and other line ministries Pilot activities for GHG Inventory in the field of waste sector at North and South Sumatra 8

9 Cooperation for REDD+ REDD (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) Achievement by Government of Indonesia Presidential Instruction on Moratorium issued in 2011 National REDD+ Strategy drafted Financial Mechanism for promoting REDD+ activities Establishing REDD+ Agency JICA Cooperation Indonesia Japan Project for Development of REDD+ Implementation Mechanism (IJ REDD+) Establishment of Reference level at pilot sites(west and Central Kalimantan) Establishment of MRV system for REDD+ at pilot sites Implementation of REDD+ pilot activities at national park and peatland Institutional Development for REDD+ MRV(monitoring, reporting, verification) Promotion of collaboration between central and local government Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat forest in Indonesia Establishment of Carbon Monitoring method Establishment of calculation method of Carbon Balance Establishment of fire protection system for peat forest 9

10 Major Achievements and Challenges Achievements Mainstreaming climate change in national policies and programs (RAN GRK, RAN API, Prioritization in RPJMN, etc.) Financial Mechanism for promoting Climate Change Promoting sector and local activities: (National REDD+ Strategy, Energy Efficiency M/P, etc.) Challenges Further mainstreaming climate change (integration into next development plans, institutional development (e.g., secretariat on climate change)) Mitigation and MRV (national GHG inventory(incl. support to the SIGN center), Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting (MER) for the implementation of RAN GRK/RAD GRK) Completion and implementation of RAN API, and MER for adaptation 10