MRV for REDD: Indonesia experience

Transcription

1 MRV for REDD: Indonesia experience Doddy Sukadri Indonesia National Council on Climate Change Prepared for The workshop on REDD-plus After Cancun: Moving from Negotiation to Implementation Organized by international Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) In cooperation with ICRAF and the Government of Vietnam Hanoi, 19 May 2011

2 Outline 1. Introduction: Indonesia emission profile 2. The Role of MRV: issues, national Initiatives and on-going activities a. Data Gap Analysis b. National Initiatives c. On-Going Activities 3. RL-REL Issues 4. The way forward 1

3 In the short-run the priority should be focussed on the major emission contributors: forestry, land use change and peat. Indonesia GHG Emission 2005, MtCO2e 2,051 Others Agriculture Forestry and Land Use Change Cement Building Transportation Oil and Gas Peatland 850 Electricity

4 2 The Role of MRV: issues, national Initiatives and on-going activities

5 The Government of Indonesia is facing institutional and policy challenges in implementing national CO2 emission reduction at national and sub-national levels. Two things, therefore, are required: (1) policy/programs, and (2). institutions To develop a comprehensive, targeted, measurable programs that have significant impact To establish appropiate institutions in managing and implementing climate change policy and finance. 5

6 Challenging Issues 1 Emission sources are unevenly geographically distributed, as a result large scale emission reduction projects are inappropriate Decentralization of power to local government needs long consultation and communication processes. In the short-run, emission reduction initiatives is heavily relied on public financing The major emission contributors has a significant contribution to economic and social development (economic growth and poverty alleviation) 6

7 Indonesia has collected a lot of data, but significant gaps exist to reach national monitoring system. Also uncertainty of the available data, especially on peat. Complete Moderate No data Data type Assessment criteria Land cover change Forest management Biomass above ground Moderate-high Biomass below ground Forest types Low-moderate Forest growth 7 Quantity/sample size Geographical reach Quality Improvement levers Semi-annual reporting Fire monitoring data SAR/Lidar to avoid cloud problems Ground truthing and more high resolution photos for verification and identification of forest type Greater details covering all districts compared to ongoing sampling approach to establish national forest mgmt database Larger data samples Data needed for undesignated forest land and East Indonesia Reporting protocols to ensure consistent data collection Destructive sampling is the most accurate method Larger data samples Soil sampling protocols to guide collection sampling methods and ensure consistency More up-to-date data from high resolution remote sensing Ground truthing for validation Long-term monthly rain- fall and temperature data Soil data Solar radiation data SOURCE: IAFCP (2010), ICRAF (2010), Indonesia National Council on Climate Change (2010)

8 Therefore, there is a need for data collation, more precise data acquisition and integration at appropriate scale at national and subnational levels. Techniques and methodologies have to be tested on the ground, i.e combining satellite imagery (optical and radar) and insitu mapping.

9 REDD+ National Task Force President / Vice President President Instruction 20 Sept Rep of Line Ministries/ Agencies REDD+ National Task-force REDD+Technical Team of the Task-force REDD + Nat. Strategy Civil Societies (NGOs, Academia, Research institutions) Delivery Unit of the President (theukp4) + Forestry + Finance + Environment + National Planning Agency + National Council on Climate Change + National Land Agency + Cabinet Secretariat The Technical Team is working in six areas: (1) REDD+ Strategies, (2) REDD+ institution, (3) Financial instrument, (4) MRV and moratorium, (5) Multi-stakeholder processes, and (6) Pilot provinces exercises.

10 3 RL/REL issues and Modalities for REDD

11 Definitions Baseline is the sum of carbon stock changes that would occur within the boundary of the project area in the absence of REDD project activity (BAU scenario); Reference emissions level (REL) is the amount of gross emissions from a geographical area estimated within a reference time period (REDD); Reference level (RL) is the amount of net/gross emissions and removals from a geographical area estimated within a reference time period (REDD-plus) Source: CIFOR (2010)

12 Forest cover (ha) Carbon emissions Implications for REL/RL settings Base period decisions have to be made: - How long? - When does it start? - How long is it projected forward? - When does it need to be reviewed? C-stock change (emissions) rather than area change Base. period Crediting period With REDD Credit Without REDD past future BAU/ Without REDD Reduced emissions With REDD With REDD+ Source: Murdiyarso, 2010

13 Emission rate Determination of emission target reduction will be dependent upon a credible BAU scenario. With 26-41% of emission reduction target, Indonesia is in the process of determining activities for unilateral, international seeking supports and creditable NAMAs. Historical reference (HR) Past trend and current emission status NAMA(s) POTENTIAL 26% 15% Reference Level (RL) Future emission scenario (BAU) Tradable NAMAs 2005 (Baseyear) REDD Plus might be in this area 2020 (Baseline) Time

14 Interconnected and isolated power system Industry Sub-sector By modes and sub-national levels Sub-national levels There is a need to establish integrated national baseline as a basis to derive emission target reduction Power Sector Energy Sector Industry Sector Cement Pulp & Paper Iron & Steel Textile National Business as Usual Baseline / Aggregated BAU Baseline Transport Sector Land Based Sector REDD+ Other Activities Other Targeted Sectors 1 st Layer 2 nd Layer 3 rd t Layer Required Integrated Processes to Establish National BAU Baseline / Aggregated BAU Baseline Through top-down and bottom-up processes

15 4 The Way Forward

16 Mobilizing sources from various initiatives/programs/projects are essentially important in building a robust, rigorous and transparent national inventory and associated MRV system in the recent pressing time. Project and Size (USD) IF TP BD PC CB Key Institutions Indonesia-Norwegian Climate Change Partnership on REDD+ Indonesia-USA Comprehensive Partnership Program to Support Climate Change Center Indonesia Carbon Accounting System (INCAS), Indonesia-Australia Forest Carbon Partnership Establishing National GHG Inventory System, JICA Ministries of Forestry, Env., Finance, Planning, Land Agency, and DNPI. DNPI, MoE Ministry of Forestry, Min of Env., LAPAN, Bappenas, Bakosurtanal, DNPI, Ministry of Environment MRV Capacity Building, EU Ministry of Environment Notes: IF: Institutional Framework, TP: Technology Provision, BD: Baseline Data Creation, PC: Proof of Concept Implementation at sub-national (provincial and district levels), CB: Capacity Building

17 Concluding Remark MRV for REDD is part of MRV for national mitigation actions. Therefore, it should be in line with nationally integrated framework to be developed; Coordination/integration at all level of governance is extremely important in setting the standard, methodology, and consensus among key stakeholders; Opening to seek the most feasible option for a robust MRV comprehensive system in Indonesia top down and bottom approaches are required.

18