CHLORINATED SOLVENTS

Transcription

1 Report No. 48 CHLORINATED SOLVENTS by LLOYD M. ELKIN contributions by Roberts A. Bell February 1969 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA

2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 1 SUMMARY... 3 INDUSTRY STATUS CHEMISTRY... Chlorination of Acetylene... Catalytic Dehydrochlorination of Tetrachloroethane... Chlorination of 1,2-Dichloroethane (Vapor Phase)... Oxychlorination of 1,2-Dichloroethane... Chlorination of Trichloroethylene... Dehydrochlorination.of Pentachloroethane with Lime... Chlorination of Propane-Propylene Mixtures... Chlorination of 1,2-Dichloroethane (Liquid Phase)... Dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane... Addition of HCl to Vinylidene Chloride... Chlorination of Ethane TRICHLOROETHYLENE FROM ACETYLENE Review of Processes Process Description Process Discussion Capital Costs Production Costs TRICHLOROETHYLENE AND PERCHLOROETHYLENE BY CHLORINATION OF DICHLOROETHANE... Review of Processes... Process Description... Process Discussion... Capital Costs... Production Costs... TRICHLOROETHYLENE AND PERCHLOROETHYLENE BY OXYCHLORINATION OFDICHLOROETHANE... Review of Processes... Process Description... Process Discussion... Capital Costs... Production Costs iii

3 CONTENTS 8 PERCHLOROETHYLENE FROM TRICHLOROETHYLENE.. Review of Processes... Process Description... Process Discussion... Capital Costs... Production Costs... 9 PERCHLOROETHYLENE (AND CARBON TETRACHLORIDE) HYDROCARBONS (OR CHl0ROHYDROCARBONS) FROM (Cl TO) C Review of Processes Process Description Process Discussion Capital Costs Production Costs METHYL CHLOROFORM FROM DICHLOROETHANE... Review of Processes... Process Description... Process Discussion... Capital Costs... Production Costs METHYL CHLOROFORM FROM E'lXANE Review of Processes Process Description Process Discussion Capital Costs Production Costs OTHER PROCESSES PURIFICATION AND MISCELLANEOUS OPERATIONS. Purification Miscellaneous Operations STABILIZERS iv

4 CONTENTS APPENDIX A DESIGNANDCOSTBASIS APPENDIX B PHYSICALDATA APPENDIX C PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX D HANDLINGANDSAFETY CITEDREFERENCES.,., SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES V

5 ILLUSTRATIONS Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production Cost Dichloroethane Yield Structure as a Function of Feed Mol Ratio., Dichloroethane Dichloroethane--Trichloroethylene Production Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production Cost Dichloroethane--Perchloroethylene Production Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production Cost Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production cost ,....., Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production cost Relationship Between Equilibrium Constant and Temperature. 180 Relationship Between Equilibrium Constant and Temperature. 181 Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production cost.,...* vii

6 ILLUSTRATIONS Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production cost Effect of Operating Level and Plant Capacity on Production cost viii

7 TABLES Summary of Capital and Production Costs, Comparison of Processes with Fixed Capital Amortized in a 'No-year Period Summary of Evaluated Processes Plant Capacity United States Plant Capacity The Americas Outside the United States , Plant Capacity Europe ,. 26 Plant Capacity Asia, Australia, Middle East, and South Africa.,.... Plant Capacity Iron Curtain Countries , Tetrachloroethane Production Summary of Patents , Dehydrochlorination of Tetrachloroethane Summary of Patents Major Process Equipment List StreamFlows..,.., Utilities Summary....., Battery Limits and Utilities Investment Total Capital Investment Production Costs ,2-Dichloroethane Summary of Patents , ' 27 ix

8 TABLES * Ethylene Summary of Patents,,,,, Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene by Chlorination Major Process Equipment List Dichloroethane--Trichloroethylene Production StreamFlows Dichloroethane--Perchloroethylene Production StreamFlows..., Dichloroethane Utilities Summary Dichloroethane Battery Limits and Utilities Investment Dichloroethane Total Capital Investment Dichloroethane--Trichloroethylene Production Production Costs....,, Dichloroethane--Perchloroethylene Production Production Costs of 1,2-Dichloroethane Summary of Patents of Ethylene Summary of Patents Major Process Equipment List X

9 TABLES StreamFlows Utilities Summary Battery Limits and Utilities Investment Total Capital Investment Production Costs, Trichloroethylene., Production Costs, Perchloroethylene Major Process Equipment List StreamFlows... Utilities Summary Battery Limits and Utilities Investment , Total Capital Investment , Production Costs ,., Summary of Patents , Major Process Equipment List xi

10 TABLES Stream Flows Utilities Summary, Perchloroethylene (and Carbon Tetrachloride) from (Cl to> Battery Limits and Utilities Investment Total Capital Investment.., Production Costs......, Summary of Patents, , Major Process Equipment List,, Stream Flows Utilities Summary, , Battery Limits and Utilities Investment., Total Capital Investment Production Costs Major Process Equipment List StreamFlows Utilities Summary......, xii

11 TABLES B.l Battery Limits and Utilities Investment Total Capital Investment Production Costs Other Routes to Tetrachloroethane Summary of Patents Other Routes to Trichloroethylene Summary of Patents Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene from Acetylene Summary of Patents Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene from Tetrachloroethane and Oxygen Summary of Patents...., Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene from Tetrachloroethane and Chlorine Summary of Patents Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene from Other Raw Materials Summary of Patents Perchloroethylene and Carbon Tetrachloride from Acetylene Summary of Patents...., Stabilizers for Trichloroethylene, Perchloroethylene, and Methyl Chloroform Summary of Patents Some Physical Properties of Chlorohydrocarbons xiii