DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY OF WASTE ORGANO CHLORIDES
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1 Report No. 102 DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY OF WASTE ORGANO CHLORIDES by PARK L. MORSE and HIROAKI TSURUTA July 1976 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE I I MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA
2 For detailed marketing data and information, the reader is referred to one of the SRI programs specializing in marketing research. The CHEMICAL HANDBOOK Program covers most major chemicals and chemical products produced in the United States and the WORLD HYDROCARBONS Program covers major hydrocarbons and their derivatives on a worldwide basis. In addition, the SRI DIRECTORY OF CHEMICAL, PRODUCERS services provide detailed lists of chemical producers by company, product, and plant for the United States and Western Europe. ii
3 CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix LISTOFTARLES xi 1 INTRODUCTION SUMMARY ORGAN0 CHLORIDE WASTES Sources of Organ0 Chloride Wastes VCR and PVC Manufacturing Wastes Organ0 Chloride Waste from Pesticide Manufacture Miscellaneous Organ0 Chloride Wastes Hazardous and Toxic Wastes CHEMICAL CONVERSION OF ORGAN0 CHLORIDE WASTES Incineration Chemistry Design of Incinerators PatentSummary Pyrolysis and Thermal Decomposition Chemistry Design of Pyrolysis Equipment Patent Summary Hydrodechlorination Chlorinolysis Chemistry Design of Chlorinolysis Equipment PatentSummary Oxychlorination 51 Bydroxydechlorina;ik* Microbial Conversion... : Wet Air Oxidation SEPARATION AND UPGRADING OF LIQUID AND GASEOUS CHLORINATED MATERIALS DERIVED FROM WASTE Absorption and Related Condensation and Distillation Technology Adsorption Distillation vii
4 6 MISCELLANEOUS PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES FOR DEALING WITH CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON WASTES Recycling of Components Found in High Grade PVC Waste Scrap and Resin Recyling of Low Grade PVC and PVDC Waste... Melt Solidification of Low Grade Waste Plastics... 9": Mitsubishi Petrochemical Reverxer System Japan Steel Works Process Kiko-sha Process Mitsubishi Heavy Iid;s& ~I~& 97 Use of Sanitary Landfill for Waste Dispos;l'... Use of Deep Wells for Waste Disposal... 1:; Ocean Disposal of Organ0 Chlorides Other Techniques TECHNOECONOMICS OF INTEGRATED PROCESSES Chlorinolysis of VCM Plant Waste--Hoechst Oxychlorination of VCM Plant Waste--Lummus Melt Solidification--Mitsubishi Petrochemical Incineration of VCM Plant Waste--Union Carbide Wet Air Oxidation of Wastewater from Herbicide Manufacturing--2impro Adsorption of Herbicide Plant Waste--Rohm 8 Haas Rhone-Poulenc Process APPENDICES A DESIGN AND COST BASIS B RESULTS OF EPA-SPONSORED HCB-HCBD STUDY C CALCULATION OF HEAT OF COMBUSTION D SUMMARY OF WASTE PRODUCTS E INDEXOFCHEMICALS CITED REFERENCES PATENT REFERENCES vlll
5 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 4.1 Equilibrium Constant as a Function of Temperature Oxygen Index for Chlorinated Resins Du Pont Downflow Incinerator ,Hooker Chemical Furnace Thermal/Nittetu Submerged Combustion Incinerator... Kinetics of Conversion of PVC to HCl... Conversion of Chlorohydrocarbon Waste by the Lummus Transcat Process... Union Carbide HCl Absorption System... The Plastics Cycle... Bureau of Mines Proposed System for Reclaiming Wase Plastic Mixtures... Tensile Strength of PVC/Plastic Mixtures... Hoechst Flow Diagram of Chlorinolysis Process... Lummus Transcat/TCE Process... Union Carbide UCAR System... Wet Air Oxidation Flow Diagram Zimpro Process... Adsorption of Herbicide Plant Waste... Rhone-Poulenc Incineration Process ix
6 LIST OF TABLES Description of Waste Disposal Processes Evaluated... Process Costs for Disposal and Recovery of Waste Organ0 Chlorides... Technical Comparison of Processes... Organ0 Chloride Waste Produced in the United States During Manufacture of VCM, PVC, and PVC Products... Organ0 Chloride Pesticides Selected for 1972 EPA Waste Studies (B-10319)... Organ0 Chloride Wastes Produced in the United States During Manufacture of Miscellaneous Chemicals... EPA's Haeardous Organ0 Chlorides... Log Kp for Burning Wastewaters Containing Added Doses of NaOH and Na2C03... Burning of Wastewaters Containing Chlorinated Compounds... By-Products from Burning PVC Basin... Incineration (Patent Summary)... Supplemental References on Incineration of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons... Volatile Components from Pyrolyzing PVC... RateConstant... Pyrolysis (Patent Summary)... Hydrodechlorination (Patent Sumnary) Chlorinolysis (Patent Summary) Biological Activity of Chlorophenols Organ0 Chlorides in Herbicide Plant Waste xi
7 4.13 Continental Oil Se(;ondary Waste Treatment Construction Materials for the Nittetu HCl Recovery System Construction Materials for the Union Carbide HC Recovery System....., , Absorption and Related Condensation and Distillation Technology (Patent Summary)....., Calgon Design Parameters for Removal of Chlorophenols from Wastewater Coluxn Operating Capacity of Amberlite XAD-4 for Some Model Compounds Loading of Chlorinated Pesticides on Amberlite XAD Adsorption (Summary of Patents) Distillation (Sumnary of Patents) Melt Solidification of Low Grade Waste Plastics (Patent Summary), Waste Injection Wells in the United States a Estimates of 1973 Annual Mass Emission Rates to Southern California Waters Total cost of Ocean Dumping in U.S. Coastal Waters for Composition and Quantities of Industrial Wastes Dumped in U.S. Coastal Waters characteristics of Waste Incinerated Aboard M/T Vulcanus Specifications of M/T Vulcanus Incineration Vessel Chlorinolysis of VCM Plant Waste--Hoechst (Plant Material Balance) Chlorinolysis of VCR4 Plant Waste--Hoechst (Utility Consumption) Chlorinolysis of VCM Waste--Hoechst (Total Capital Investment) Cblorinolysis of VCM Waste--Hoechst (Production Cost) Oxychlorination of KM Plant Waste--Lunnnus (Plant Material Balance) xii
8 Oxychlorination of VCM Plant Waste--Lummus (Utility Consumption) Oxychlorination of VCM Plant Waste--Lurmnus (Total Capital Investment) Oxychlorination of VCM Waste-Lummus (Production Costs).., Melt Solidification--Mitsubishi Petrochemical (Plant Material Balance) i7 Characteristics of Wastewater from Herbicide Manufacture Wet Air Oxidation of Herbicide Plant Waste--Zimpro (Material Balance) Melt Solidification--Mitsubishi Petrochemical (Utility Consumption) Melt Solidification-Mitsubishi Petrochemical (Total Capital Investment) Melt Solidification--Mitsubishi Petrochemical (Production Costs) Incineration of VCM Plant Waste--Union Carbide (Plant Material Balance) Incineration of VCM Plant Waste--Union Carbide (Utility Consumption) Incineration of VCM Plant Waste--Union Carbide (Total Capital Investment) Incineration of VCM Plant Waste--Union Carbide (Production Costs) Wet Air Oxidation of Herbicide Plant Waste--Zimpro (Energy Balance) Wet Air Oxidation of Herbicide Plant Waste--Zimpro (Utilities Consumption) Wet Air Oxidation of Herbicide Waste--Zimpro (Total Capital Investment) Wet Air Oxidation of Herbicide Wastes--Zimpro (Production Costs) Analysis of the Wastewater from Chipman's Plant (101409) x111
9 7.24 Adsorption of Herbicide Plant Waste--Rohm & Haas (Material Balance) Adsorption of Herbicide' Plant Waste--Rohm & Haas (Total Capital Investment) Adsorption of Herbicide Plant Waste-Rohm & Haas (Production Costs) i , RPI Process (Material Balance) RPI Process (Utilities and Miscellaneous Materials) B-l Estimated Total Quantity of HCB and HCBD Contained in U.S. Industrial Wastes, By-Products, and Products in B-2 Industrial Waste Disposal Methods for Processes Producing HCB and HCBD, xiv
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