Are Net Zero Buildings too Expensive?

Transcription

1 10/19/2016 Are Net Zero Buildings too Expensive? Getting to Zero National Forum October 12-14, 2016 Bill Maclay, AIA, LEED AP, Principal Maclay Architects "Cropped Earth with Sunburst" by NASA 1

2 Maclay Architects Path to Net Zero Baer Zomeworks Solar experimentation Energy Conservation IAQ Healthy Bldg Microload NZ Bldg NZ Communities + Planet Maclay Architects Net Zero Focus 2

3 Maclay Architects Net Zero and Net Zero Ready Projects EUI 9 EUI 10 EUI 7 EUI 18 EUI 17 EUI 18 EUI 17 EUI 16 EUI 19 EUI 33 EUI 19 EUI 77 *Dining Hall with process loads The Putney School Field House 3

4 The Putney School Field House Net Zero since 2011 BUILDING TYPE: Net-zero wellness center SCOPE: New Building PROCESS: Community Design Choices in Sustainability New Financial Paradigm PROJECT SIZE: Phase 17,500 sf PROJECT COST: $4,200,000 COST/SQFT: $241/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (without renewables): 9.6 kbtu/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (with renewables): 0 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100% AIR INFILTRATION: cfm/sf LEED RATING: LEED-NB Platinum anticipated The Putney School Field House Net Zero since 2011 BUILDING Financial TYPE: paradigm Net-zero shift wellness center SCOPE: New Building PROCESS: Community Design Choices in Sustainability New Financial Paradigm PROJECT SIZE: Phase 17,500 sf PROJECT COST: $4,200,000 COST/SQFT: $241/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (without renewables): 9.6 kbtu/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (with renewables): 0 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100% AIR INFILTRATION: cfm/sf LEED RATING: LEED-NB Platinum anticipated 4

5 The Putney School Field House Net Zero since 2011 BUILDING Financial TYPE: paradigm Net-zero shift wellness center SCOPE: Net New Zero Design BuildingStrategy PROCESS: Community Design Choices in Sustainability New Financial Paradigm PROJECT SIZE: Phase 17,500 sf PROJECT COST: $4,200,000 COST/SQFT: $241/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (without renewables): 9.6 kbtu/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (with renewables): 0 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100% AIR INFILTRATION: cfm/sf LEED RATING: LEED-NB Platinum anticipated SF: 16,800 The Net Putney Zero since School 2011 Field House BUILDING Financial TYPE: paradigm Net-zero shift wellness center Choices in Sustainability SCOPE: Net New Zero Design BuildingStrategy New Financial Paradigm PROCESS: Community Design PROJECT SIZE: Phase 17,500 sf PROJECT COST: $4,200,000 COST/SQFT: $241/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (without renewables): 9.6 kbtu/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (with renewables): 0 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100% AIR INFILTRATION: cfm/sf LEED RATING: LEED-NB Platinum anticipated 5

6 The Putney School Field House Net Zero since 2011 BUILDING Financial TYPE: paradigm Net-zero shift wellness center SCOPE: Net New Zero Design BuildingStrategy PROCESS: Community Design SF: 16,800 EUI: 9 kbtu/sf-yr (actual) Choices in Sustainability New Financial Paradigm PROJECT SIZE: Phase 17,500 sf PROJECT COST: $4,200,000 COST/SQFT: $241/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (without renewables): 9.6 kbtu/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (with renewables): 0 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100% AIR INFILTRATION: cfm/sf LEED RATING: LEED-NB Platinum anticipated The Putney School Field House Net Zero since 2011 BUILDING Financial TYPE: paradigm Net-zero shift wellness center SCOPE: Net New Zero Design BuildingStrategy PROCESS: Community Design PROJECT SIZE: Phase 17,500 sf PROJECT COST: $4,200,000 COST/SQFT: $241/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (without renewables): 9.6 kbtu/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (with renewables): 0 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100% AIR INFILTRATION: cfm/sf LEED RATING: LEED-NB Platinum anticipated SF: 16,800 EUI: 9 kbtu/sf-yr (actual) EUI Choices with renewables: in Sustainability 0 kbtu/sf-yr New Financial Paradigm 6

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8 Building Performance Options Energy Options 8

9 Integrated Design Net Zero Strategy RENEWABLES MINIMIZE ENERGY LOADS - = NET ZERO - = 9

10 What Is Net Zero Ready? MINIMIZED ENERGY LOADS NET - ZERO = NO RENEWABLES READY - = Fuel Mileage for Buildings? Public Domain Photo by B Photo by Reinraum Energy ull-doser / public domain Use Intensity (EUI) 10

11 Net Zero Building Metrics PERFORMANCE METRICS EUI kbtu/sf *without process loads PRESCRIPTIVE METRICS Maximum 0.1 cfm/sf above grade surface 50 Pascals Maclay Architects US Climate Zones Optimum Prescriptive measures will vary in zones

12 Key Elements Conservation + High-Efficient + Systems Renewables Maclay Architects Energy Use Intensity (EUI) Heat Pumps (COP ) Maclay Architects Usually Photovoltaics (sized for annual load) Best Investment Today $5-$20/sf Capital Cost 12

13 Best Investment Today $5-$20/sf Capital Cost 3-10% of Construction Cost Best Investment Today $5-$20/sf Capital Cost 3-10% of Construction Cost Solar Financing 13

14 Best Investment Today $5-$20/sf Capital Cost 3-10% of Construction Cost Solar Financing Envelope + ROI Best Investment Today $5-$20/sf Capital Cost 3-10% of Construction Cost Solar Financing Envelope + ROI Heat Pumps + ROI 14

15 Best Investment Today $5-$20/sf Capital Cost 3-10% of Construction Cost Solar Financing Envelope + ROI Heat Pumps + ROI Renewables + ROI Financial Analysis Methodology INPUTS Energy Consumption Increased Capital Costs for Efficiency Capital Cost for PV Financing Assumptions OUTCOMES Capital and operating costs Cash Flow 15

16 Single Family Home 1,600 sf $16/sf Additional construction costs $14/sf additional solar costs Financial Analysis Energy Consumption INPUTS: Energy Model Energy Usage, kwh/yr 16

17 Financial Analysis Increased Net Zero Ready Cost INPUTS Capital costs for Net Zero over Code Financial Analysis Increased Net Zero Ready Cost INPUTS Capital costs for Net Zero over Code 17

18 Financial Analysis Increased Net Zero Ready Cost INPUTS Capital costs for Net Zero over Code Financial Analysis Financial Assumptions INPUTS Interest Rate Loan Duration Fuel Escalation Rate Image: Vermont Fuel Price

19 Single Family 30-year Costs CODE New Single Family NET ZERO Solar Costs Additional Building Costs Single Family 30-year Costs Interest Costs CODE New Single Family NET ZERO 19

20 Single Family 30-year Costs Energy Costs CODE New Single Family NET ZERO Single Family 30-year Costs CODE New Single Family NET ZERO 20

21 Single Family 30-year Costs $72,000 savings w/ Federal Tax Credit CODE New Single Family NET ZERO 30-Year Cash Flow 30-Year savings CUMULATIVE SAVINGS OF NET ZERO ABOVE CODE $60,000 Cumulative Savings 21

22 30-Year Cash Flow Savings after 30 years CUMULATIVE SAVINGS OF NET ZERO ABOVE CODE $60,000 PLUS FREE SOLAR Cumulative Savings Bennington Courthouse and State Office Building 65,000 SF Renovation/Addition 22

23 Bennington Courthouse and State Office Building 65,000 SF Renovation/Addition $6 / sf additional cost Bennington Courthouse and State Office Building 65,000 SF Renovation/Addition $6 / sf additional cost 3% additional construction cost 23

24 EUI Comparison and Metrics Energy Use Intensity Comparison (kbtu/sf-yr) Typical Existing Office Existing Facility Code Compliant Net Zero Ready (actual) EUI Comparison and Metrics Energy Use Intensity Comparison (kbtu/sf-yr) Typical Existing Office Existing Facility Code Compliant Net Zero Ready (actual) Percent Improvement for Net Zero Ready 254% 335% 50% 0% 24

25 Cost estimate- Total Additional Capital Cost Maclay Architects 20-year Present Value Financial Analysis 20 Year Present Value of Operating and Additional Capital Costs for Energy Improvements $6,000,000 $5,000,000 $4 Million Savings $4,000,000 $3,000,000 $2,000,000 $1,000,000 $6,182,000 $2,891,000 $1,766,000 $750,000 Savings $0 Existing Building Code Compliant $372,000 NetZero Ready Additional Construction Cost NPV of Operating Costs Maclay Architects 25

26 Cumulative Savings of Net Zero Ready vs Code Savings = $750,000 ROI =13% Maclay Architects 26

27 Renewable NRG Systems Model Renewable Office and Manufacturing Facility photo by Carolyn Bates Renewable NRG Systems Model Renewable Office and Manufacturing Facility SF: 77,000 sf photo by Carolyn Bates 27

28 Renewable NRG Systems Model Renewable Office and Manufacturing Facility SF: 77,000 sf EUI: 18 kbtu/sf/yr (actual) photo by Carolyn Bates Renewable NRG Systems Model Renewable Office and Manufacturing Facility SF: 77,000 sf EUI: 18 kbtu/sf/yr (actual) EUI w/ Renewables: 11 kbtu/sf-yr photo by Carolyn Bates 28

29 300,000 SF Mixed Use Masterplan Net Zero Energy Feasibility Study In partnership with Energy Balance, Inc. 29

30 Net Zero Masterplan 2.3 MW of PV to be NZ Rooftops and carports maximized + 3 acres of ground mounted Community Residential 30-Year Costs NZ cumulative savings of $3.8 million including PV tax credits With 30% Federal Tax Credit for PV 30

31 Community Commercial 20-Year Costs Office and Manufacturing NZ with the federal tax credit saves $4.8 million over 20 years With 30% Federal Tax Credit for PV Operating Costs Finance Interest Finance Interest PV Costs So why isn t everyone doing this? 31

32 Paradigm Shift Payback v. Cash Flow Payback Cash Flow Achievable photo by Jim Westphalen 32

33 Affordable photo by Carolyn Bates Beautiful Photo by Robert Benson 33

34 10/19/2016 The time is NOW Thank you Bill Maclay, AIA, LEED AP, Author, Principal Maclay Architects 34