Building Energy 12 Renewable District Heating at International Building Exhibition (IBA) Hamburg

Transcription

1 Building Energy 12 Renewable District Heating at International Building Exhibition (IBA) Hamburg Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen, it s a pleasure to be here at this conference and to watch and listen to all these inspiring presentations. My name is Jan Gerbitz. I am Project Coordinator at the International Building Exhibition Hamburg 2013 and work on the key theme Cities and Climate Change. Following Mr Hellweg s presentation of the political, institutional and financial aspects, I should like to talk about the technical details of the three district heating grids that IBA plans to have in place by But first I d like to start with a general overview of district heating grids in Hamburg. District heating has a long tradition in Hamburg. First customer of a grid supplied by a CHP system was Hamburg Town Hall - in In the following hundred years, the City of Hamburg and Hamburg Electricity Works developed a grid with 1,200 km/746 miles of piping and promoted district heating for several reasons: District heating can protect the city from fires started by domestic fireplaces. Ceasing to use polluting open hearths improves air quality District heating is a very reliable source of supply It conserves our resources, producing heat more efficiently and It is environment friendly But: is it really environment friendly at present? Right now, district heating meets 19 % of the city s heating requirements and supplies around half a million customers. Page 1 of 12

2 44% are private house owners, about 44% commercial users such as offices, trades, crafts and services and 12% industrial users. Looking at a map of Hamburg City we can see the large district heating grid now operated by Vattenfall following privatization of the city-owned electricity works, plus several smaller systems run by other companies. Page 2 of 12

3 The heating network of Vattenfall Europe Heat supplies about 430,000 units and produces about 4,350 Giga Watt Hours per year. The system is mainly fed by two coal-fired heat and power stations, one gas and steam turbine and the waste heat from a waste incineration plant. Because the grid covers such a large area, it has to be operated at high pressure and a high temperature of nearly 140 degrees Celsius/284 degrees Fahrenheit. E.ON Hanse Wärme supplies about 60,000 units with 650 GWh/a. They own and operate 15 local district CHPs and source heat from 3 waste incineration plants. Page 3 of 12

4 The company is running a special pilot project to test a solar thermal feed-in and storage system. Working with an existing and newly modernized solar thermal storage tank plus the solar energy system originally used to supply a small district in the city, the company offers customers a scheme whereby they can feed-in their summer time overproduction for storage and subsequent retrieval when needed. The customer pays a fee for the interim storage. RWE Services Hamburg owns 8 district heating plants which supply about 13,000 units and produce 220 GWh/a. One of them is an 8 MW wood chip plant generating 67 GWh/a. Page 4 of 12

5 The last of the sizeable suppliers is Urbana Energy Technics, serving 7,000 units and generating about 100 GWh/a. They run one bigger power plant for a set of houses built in the 1960s and plan to replace it by a more effective one. Another plant is due to be replaced by a biomass CHP. If we consider the fuel mix, it is obvious that Vattenfall dominates the scene in Hamburg due to its size. Page 5 of 12

6 Because of its high rate of coal-burning and its inefficient production at high temperatures, it has the highest level of CO 2 emissions per kwh. Actually, it is even higher than the emissions from a singular gas or oil boiler. Compared to these figures, emissions from the new district heating systems installed by Dalkia in the eastern part of the HafenCity development project and by Hamburg Energie within the context of IBA projects are much lower. There has been much debate about the unsatisfactory state of Hamburg s district heating system. Vattenfall s concessions to operate the district heating grid expire in A grass roots movement has formed and a referendum is being prepared on the subject of transferring the entire grid back to public authorities. 116,197 voters signed the petition which represents the first step towards a referendum. It was against this background that the Senate of Hamburg decided to buy a strategic share of 25.1%. Emphasizing that it wishes to make good use of this minority shareholding the Senate has reached an agreement with Vattenfall and E.ON Hanse that 1.6 billion euros will be invested in the system, including the construction of a Page 6 of 12

7 new gas and steam power station and some new heat storage facilities. Vattenfall has been set a target of reducing CO 2 emissions by 27% by 2020, for E.ON the target is a 15% reduction. Because upgrading the district heating system is an important step towards reducing CO 2 emissions, IBA has decided to develop new district heating systems based on renewable energies. If we take another look at the map of Hamburg City, we notice there is no district heating network serving the IBA area apart from one small system operated by E.ON to supply a 1960s-era housing estate. Three totally different systems are planned: One grid in a residential area where the houses were built at the turn of the nineteenth century, featuring a converted World War II bunker which houses the central unit and heat storage facility, One grid supplied by deep geothermal sources, One integrated energy network in the newly built central IBA area. The most impressive heating network will be the grid supplied from the Energy Bunker in the western part of Wilhelmsburg. An old bunker from the Second World War will be transformed into an Energy Bunker. Page 7 of 12

8 After the War, the British Army destroyed the interior of the bunker which had served not only as a shelter for the local civilian population but as an emplacement for antiaircraft or flak guns. After more than sixty years of disuse, there was debate about what should be done with the building. A variety of experts were asked to study what space could be reused and for which purposes, e.g. homes, a hotel, leisure or cultural facility. In the end, all institutions responsible for the structure decided to develop the building as a central energy unit for the planned district heating system and to reserve space in the redevelopment for a café and exhibition room showing the bunker s history, including its war-time use and the way prisoners from a nearby concentration camp were forced to build it. Page 8 of 12

9 Obviously, as the bunker is a protected monument, heritage issues have to be considered during the development of the building concept and the strategy to renew the facade. The first step was to remove nearly forty thousand metric tonnes of concrete and steel from inside the bunker. The columns were no longer supporting the ceiling but hanging down from it. Right now, the inside has been cleared and the supporting pillars renewed. Page 9 of 12

10 In the middle of the interior, a heat storage tank measuring 2,000 m³/70,630 cubic feet will be installed; the central energy control unit will be located on the ground floor. On the roof, there will be a solar thermal unit, on the south façade photovoltaic moduls. Page 10 of 12

11 On level 8, there will be the café, on level 10 the open-plan exhibition area in one of the old towers. Thermal energy will be generated by a wood chip boiler, a biogas CHP plant, the solar thermal collectors on the roof and the waste heat from a neighbouring industrial plant; it will then supply heating for 3,000 local households. Additionally, the photovoltaics on the south facade and the CHP will produce power for 1,000 households. Page 11 of 12

12 The first area to receive supplies will be the so called World Quarter with about 800 units. Plans up to 2015 envisage increasing the grid to cover 0.5 km²/ acres. On completion, the total area covered will be 1.2 km²/ acres. Together, the various elements in the concept will produce 22 GWh of heating per year and about 3 GWh of electricity per year. Most of the energy will be delivered by the wood chip plant, followed by the stored heat, the biogas CHP and the oil-fired peak load boiler. Page 12 of 12

13 One advantage of the massive heat storage tank is that the peak load reserve can be reduced. When demand is low, unused heat can be loaded and stored and can be unloaded and used when demand is higher, without running any additional equipment. At the same time, the capacity of the biogas CHP can be adjusted and increased, helping to offset the high investment costs. The bottom line is that using this range of renewable energies can reduce CO 2 emissions by 95 % by comparison with the conventional gas boilers used in the houses before they were connected to the grid. Page 13 of 12

14 The entire concept will be in place and the first customers connected to the grid by the end of The project has received funding from the European Regional Development Fund and Hamburg Climate Protection Funds The energy costs will be euros or $ per MWh, depending on how many units are connected, which is highly attractive and lower than total energy costs for a conventional gas boiler. Of course, this project won t be possible without close cooperation with the landlord of the first buildings to be connected, state-owned housing company SAGA/GWG. The next challenge will be to attract new customers. First steps have been made. A newbuild education centre in the north will be connected by the end of Promising talks have been held with the owner of some residential blocks in the north west of the Energy Bunker. The second heating network will be supplied by deep geothermal heat. Page 14 of 12

15 Hamburg area is not the best place for deep geothermal projects, but seismic surveys in June 2010 showed that at a hoisting level of 3,400 to 4,000 meters or 10,000 to 12,000 feet there is hot water at a temperature of 130 degrees Celsius/266 degrees Fahrenheit. The project receives regular subsidies from the Federal Development bank KFW- Förderbank. Energy costs are expected to be 75 or 100 $/MWh for residential buildings and 65 or 86 $/MWh for commercial users, e.g offices and industry. Currently, an investigation is being conducted to ascertain demand from potential customers. Page 15 of 12

16 One fairly large and several smaller industrial companies, 2 housing companies, the local hospital and the elementary school are interested in using the system. At the end of the day, it should be possible to produce 43 GWh of thermal energy for heating and domestic hot water. The third heating network will be an integrated network in the center and the main section of the IBA strategic area. The idea was to develop a smart network of several different producers and users in one flexible system. Several producers of renewable energies are allowed to feed into the grid. The first step was to develop one district heating network for the redevelopment in the central part of the IBA strategic area and of the international Garden Show which is being held parallel to IBA. At present several residential buildings being Page 16 of 12

17 showcased in the Building Exhibition within the Building Exhibition are under construction, as are a new office building for 1,200 employees of the Hamburg Ministry of Urban Development and the Environment, a hotel, a medical center, a senior citizens home, an exhibition center, a sports hall and a public swimming pool. The central part of the grid will be placed in front of the new ministry building. Two biogas CHPs and two natural gas condensing boilers will produce 5.7 GWh of heat per year and 3.0 GWh of electricity per year. Additionally, the grid will be open for the feed-in of any excess renewable energy produced in decentralized units such as solar thermal, biogas CHP or wood pellet boilers. These supplies will be fed into the flow pipes. The possible feed-in amount will be up to 20 % of the projects own annual heating requirements. The connection to the grid of newbuilds in this area has been written into the City of Hamburg s Land Use Plan. This regulation is based on options available under Hamburg s Climate Protection Law and has been applied in the city in more than 50 cases. The project was subsidized by the Hamburg Climate Protection Fund. Energy costs will be about 73 euros or 100 $ per MWh, the feed-in tariff will be 45 euros or 60 $ per MWh. So far, 3 different projects will feed into the grid. Page 17 of 12

18 The first will be a 15-unit residential building by zillerplus architects, Munich and Behrendt Wohnungsbau. The building conforms to passive house standards and will produce as much solar thermal heat as is needed for heating and domestic hot water per year. The overproduction in summertime will be first stored in a phase change material system and fed into the grid later. If needed, the heat will be sourced back again. In addition, the amounts of feed-in and supply will be balanced out. Secondly, the 4 Water Houses will feed into the grid as well. The Water Tower and the triplex town houses by Schenk Waiblinger architects and Hochtief will offer 34 units built to passive house standards. The buildings will be supplied by shallow geothermal sources, solar thermal and the district heating. Any excess solar thermal energy will be fed into the grid. Page 18 of 12

19 And finally, we have the Smart Tree Frog by Splitterwerk architects, Graz and Otto Wulff and Strategic Science Consult SSC. These 10 units will likewise be built to passive house standards. The energy concept will combine geothermal sources with the production of biomass by algae within the façade. The CO2 which the algae need in order to grow in the special façade elements will be supplied by a fuel cell micro CHP whose excess heat will be fed into the grid. Page 19 of 12

20 What are the next steps to reach the aims of the Future Concept Renewable Wilhelmsburg? The areas covered by the district heating grids will be extended, the grids could also be inter-connected. New areas like Veddel in the north or Kirchdorf in the south will be developed. New methods for storing different types of renewables will have to be found, the use of local biomass and existing resources expanded. But before that happens, 2013 is the year when the projects will be presented. Both during and after implementation, a monitoring and evaluation procedure for all the projects and local flows of energy will be put in place. Obviously, activities within the context of IBA Hamburg are just one step along the way towards achieving an environment friendly supply of heating for urban areas; but hopefully, several more steps will follow and the showcased projects will act as models for other districts and other cities as we share in the struggle against climate change. Page 20 of 12

21 But right now, I should like to thank for your attention and invite you to come to Hamburg and visit IBA in 2013 or even now, to see the projects that are already finished and some extremely interesting building sites. Sources: BSU Hamburg / HCU Hamburg IBA Hamburg / Martin Kunze IBA Hamburg / bloomimages IBA Hamburg / HHS Architekten Denkmalschutzamt Hamburg IBA Hamburg / Timo Schiel IBA Hamburg / Johannes Arlt IBA Hamburg / Martin Kunze IBA Hamburg / zillerplus Architekten IBA Hamburg / Schenk + Waiblinger IBA Hamburg / Splitterwerk IBA Hamburg / ARUP Page 21 of 12