SECTOR - Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers from Biomass by Means of Torrefaction

Transcription

1 SECTOR - Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers from Biomass by Means of Torrefaction A European R&D Project funded within the Seventh Framework Programme by the European Commission 1

2 Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of Torrefaction TORREFACTION ROADMAP 2

3 SECTOR in the roadmap of torrefaction Capacity 5-10 kg/h kg/h kton/a kton/a Woody biomass Proof-ofprinciple Proof-ofconcept Prototype (pilot-scale) Technical demonstration Commercial role out Time Non-woody biomass residues Proof-of- Proof-ofprinciple principle Proof-of-concept Prototype (pilot-scale) Technical demonstration Commercial role out Proof-of-concept Experimentally based process designs Technology identification Knowledge base Experimental infrastructures torrefaction Economic evaluations full-scale (study about 30%) Set-up pilot phase of development Prototype development (pilot-scale evaluation) Pilot plants / prototype technology Demo technical feasibility Process & product characterisation (design) Economic evaluations full-scale (preliminary ca. 20%) Business plan(s) (technical demo, semi-commercial) Technical demonstration Demonstration plants (semicommercial) Technical optimisation (refined design) Product applications (logistics & end-use) Economic evaluations full-scale (definite ca. <10%) Business plan(s) (commercial operation) Commercial role out Commercial plants (fulloperation) Quality control and assurance (product) Best practice for sustainability Product standardisation Purchase agreements (from energy & chemical sector) 3

4 Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of Torrefaction TORREFACTION CONCEPTS 4

5 Torrefaction reactor concepts Existing conversion techniques require different fuel properties Different reactor types with different process conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) are on the start or in development Future development will show their market potential and technical feasibility Project SECTOR is centred around four torrefaction technology options (3 pilot scale plants & 1 demo plant involved) Reactor technology Rotary drum Multiple hearth furnace Screw reactor Torbed reactor Moving bed reactor Belt reactor European Technology developers & suppliers CDS (UK), Torr-Coal (NL), BioEndev (SE), ACB (AT), BIO3D (FR), Atmosclear (CH), CENER (ES) CMI-NESA (BE) Biolake (NL), FoxCoal (NL) Topell (NL) ECN (NL), Thermya (FR), Bühler (CH) Stramproy Green (NL) source: ECN, Kleinschmidt 5

6 Torrefaction Technologies within SECTOR ECN: Moving bed reactor Characteristics: Moving bed torrefaction Direct heating using recycled torrefaction gas Recycle boosting of torgas to compensate for pressure drop Torgas utilization for internal energy demand CENER, Umeå University: Rotary drum reactor Characteristics: Proven technology indirectly heated with flue gas Accepts larger particles Topell: Torbed reactor (full scale demonstration) Characteristics: Cylindrical reactor Hot rotating process gas keeps raw material in motion (creates bed that is formed by biomass itself) Quick heat-to-mass transfer No moving parts 6

7 Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of Torrefaction SECTOR - PROJECT 7

8 project brief Collaborative project: SECTOR Project start: Finalisation: Total budget: 10 Million Participants: 21 from 9 EU-countries Coordinator: DBFZ, Germany 8

9 a pan European consortium VTT Jyväskylä and Espoo Kick-off meeting at ECN (14-15 February 2012) 9

10 Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of Torrefaction OBJECTIVES 10

11 SECTOR objectives Support the market introduction of torrefaction-based bioenergy carriers as a standardised commodity renewable solid fuel Further development of torrefaction-based technologies (up to pilot-plant scale and beyond) Development of specific production recipes, validated through extensive labto-industrial-scale logistics and end-use performance testing Development and standardisation of dedicated analysis and testing methods for assessment of transport, storage, handling logistics and end-use performance and product standards for torrefied biomassa products Assessment of the role of torrefaction-based solid bioenergy carriers in the bioenergy value chains and their contribution to the development of the bioenergy market in Europe Full sustainability assessment of the major torrefaction-based biomass-to-enduse value chains Dissemination of project results to industry and into international forums (e.g. EIBI, EERA, CEN/ISO, IEA and sustainability round tables) 11

12 Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of Torrefaction STRUCTURE 12

13 project structure 13

14 Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of Torrefaction WORK PACKAGES 14

15 WP1 Project Management (DBFZ, Germany) Coordination and administration of the project Communication with European Commission Reporting Organisation of Project Meetings Set-up and maintenance of project website EC Advisory Board Coordinator Strategic Management Board WP Leaders Task Leaders General Assembly Participating Partners 15

16 WP2 Selection of relevant biomass feedstock (VTT, Finland) Assessment of available biomass potential for production of torrefied pellets from both forest and agricultural feedstock and of the market demand Selection of raw materials for the experimental work Demand analysis including cofiring ratios and acceptable price levels Cereal straw Prunings from olive trees Poplar chips Eucalyptus chips 16

17 WP3 Torrefaction (ECN, the Netherlands) Different technologies Moving bed (ECN) pilot Rotary drum (Umeå University) pilot Rotary drum (CENER) pilot Torbed (Topell) demo Production with available pilot scale facilities Typical test runs hours Typical production per test few tons 3-6 different feedstocks Production with available demo plant Continuous operation Production of tons Specific feedstock 17

18 WP4 Densification (DTI, Denmark) Characterisation and optimisation of the densification properties of different torrefied biomass materials according to end users requirement based on tests in lab, bench and industrial scale densification units (pellets and briquettes) Torrefied biomass (WP3) Industrial scale pelletisation (ECN, CENER, UMEÅ, Topell) Lab-scale charact. & screen. of pelletisation parameters (DTI) Bench scale briquetting (DTI, C.F. Nielsen ) 18

19 WP5 Demonstration Tests (Topell, the Netherlands) Production of torrefied materials and pellets at demo scale in Topells 60 kton/a plant in Duiven, the Netherlands Products to be used for large scale test in WP6 and WP7 19

20 WP6 Logistics (ECN, the Netherlands) Small-scale tests to characterise logistics performance Outdoor storage and handling tests Results will be used to adjust production processes Transport, storage and handling Stefan Dusan 4th annual biomass and bioenergy forum (Vienna, Sep. 2011) Small scale testing of specific properties of both raw torrefied biomass as well as pelletized or briquetted torrefied biomass Large scale testing of storage and handling properties at existing industrial coal based power plants 20

21 WP7 End-use (University of Stuttgart, Germany) Evaluation of the end-use applications of torrefied biomass in different application areas: Medium-to-large scale firing and cofiring in pulverized-fuel boilers Medium-to-large scale gasification and cogasification in entrained-flow gasifiers, and Small scale combustion in commercial pellet boilers. Production of bio-chemicals or biomaterials 21

22 WP8 Fuel specification & lab analysis (OFI, Austria) Verification, development and application of analysis methods to access fuel properties Development of a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Preparation of CEN and ISO product and quality assurance standards 22

23 WP 9 Value chains and sustainability (DBFZ, Germany) Within SECTOR three different assessment areas are covered: Socio-economic assessment Environmental assessment ENVIRONMENT Environmental & climate protection Type 1 Type 2 Impact category Endpoint category Technical-efficiency / -compatibility Security of supply Characterisation - unclear cause-effect - aggregation - scoring/weighting - use of PRPs Subcategory indicator Midpoint category indicator Characterisation - cause-effect link - (aggregation) - modeling impact pathway Inventory indicators Cost-efficiency Creation of value ECONOMY SOCIETY Impact pathways of the UNEP methodology Inventory data 23 23

24 WP10 Cooperation and Dissemination of project results (DBFZ, Germany) Dissemination of project results through Workshops Website International Networks and Platforms and standardisation committees (mainly ISO/TC 238) Show advantages of torrefied fuels and wake interest Set it on the political agenda for the needed framework Get feedback from the market about aspects yet to be covered or changed within the project Generally initiate developments in the market outside of SECTOR Market integration Prepare market launch by staying in touch with stakeholders 24

25 Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of Torrefaction SUMMARY 25

26 Summary Torrefaction process: accepts many types of ligno-cellulosic biomass offers optimised balance between energy and mass yield ensures more homogeneous production and constant product quality does not significantly reduce sulphur, chlorine and alkali concentrations Torrefied products: can be directly milled and cofired with coal are dry and have a high net calorific value are brittle and easily break down into small particles have a high volumetric energy density significant cost savings Worldwide there are over 50 torrefaction developers / initiatives (planning capacities between ktons); no commercial plant exists today, but first demonstration projects are on the way (e. g. Topell from NL 60 kton/a) European development in parallel to R&D in North America (USA/CA) this will speed up the process Technical and commercial challenges have to be solved, e.g.: optimisation of torrefaction and densification process determination of standardised fuel properties/qualities minimisation of logistical and end-use risks 26

27 thank you very much for your attention SECTOR General information Principal scientist Eija Alakangas tel: Experts in different workpackages WP 2 Raw material: Eija Alakangas/Martti Flyktman WP 3 Torrefaction: Carl Wilén/Vesa Arpiainen WP 4 Densification: Leena Fagernäs/Jussi Ranta WP 6 Logistics: Timo Järvinen WP 7 End-use: Leena Fagernäs/Jussi Ranta WP 8 Lab analysis: Leena Fagernäs/Jussi Ranta WP 8 Product standards: Eija Alakangas WP 9 & 10 Sustainability& Diss.: Eija Alakangas pictures in this presentation: ECN, CENER, DBFZ, OFI, Topell, DTI, Stefan Dusan, University of Stuttgart, Claudia-Hautumm (pixelio), Gabi Schoenemann (pixelio), Thomas Siepmann (pixelio), nordagrar.com, Jasper Lensselink, Museum Brunsbuettel, enjoyconstellation.com, Thermya 27