Gasification Technologies Council, October , Colorado Springs1

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1 Gasification Technologies Council, October , Colorado Springs1

2 Torrefaction and gasification. The alternative by Torrgas: 100% sustainable and technological, economical viable

3 Characteristics De-central Feedstock availibility determines scale Low capex Skid mounted Drop-in syngas properties

4 Intermediate product that is essential: biocoal by torrefaction of biomass or biowaste Y Y Y Y Y Y Tough Fibrous Hydrophyllic Biodegradable Heterogeneous Poor energy density N N N N N Torrefaction benefits in logistics: 1. Energy density from 2-3GJ/m3 to GJ/m3 2. Hydrophillic: open air transport & storage possible 3. Commodity: biomass becomes a commodity instead of a local product Torrefaction benefits in gasification: 1. Pulverized gasification short residence time high output/reactor volume 2. High (cold gas) efficiency due to absense of moisture 3. Continuity in both syngas composition aswell process handling

5 Feedstock torrefaction: not only restricted to woody biomass, but to almost unlimited resources 1. Woody Biomass: torrefaction process can process all woodresidues (including bark, branches, slash) 2. Agricultural biomass: generally higher in alkali metals and lower in heating value than woody biomass but generally lower costprice 3. High Caloric Organic Waste: SRF/RDF can be torrefied to low cost carbonized fuel

6 Three traditional bio-gasification dilemma s that need to be solved: physical, technical, economical 1. Physical: bio-mass and waste have non preferred physical properties: heterogenuous, grindability, moisture etc. Maybe not difficult to gasify but a hugh challenge to gasify 8000 hrs/year, continuous and stable. 2. Technical: tar removal and/or slagging creates efficiency losses and unwanted technical challenges and high capex. 3. Economical: capex and opex of tar removal and/or slagging, complex feedstock logistics and the production of low grade syngas create business cases that can rarely compete or even come close to fossil alternatives.

7 Torrgas solves these three traditional bio-gasification dilemma s for small-mid scale gasification: 1. Physical: applying homogenuous, pulverisable, moisture free torrefied bio-fuel. 2. Technical: creating a tar and nitrogen free drop-in syngas without slagging. 3. Economical: splitting biomass in high value biocarbon and high grade syngas and thus maximizing the value creation

8 End product Syngas and Char.

9 I. Torrgas syngas can be applied for synthesis to chemicals & fuels and hydro formulations (high value conversions) Syngas

10 $/mt End of pipeline production of bio based chemicals can compete with fossil alternatives Market price Bio Premium Source: analysis global top 20 chemical company(undisclosed) of 120 kta biomethanol plant

11 II. Torrgas bio-syngas can be applied for substition of natural gas and/or propane in existing gasburners 1. Drop-in properties: 12 MJ/kg, nitrogen and tar free syngas meets requirements for direct mixing without major burner modifications 2. Skid mounted bio-syngas generator: upto 15 MWth feed capacity can be installed on portable skid due to high volumetric reactor output 3. Limited logistic handling: torrefied biomass handling is far less complicated and space intensive than untreated biomass

12 Torrgas technology also produces carbon with a wide range of applications 1. Activated carbon market: water and flue-gas cleaning 2. Soil Enhancer (biochar): a high-carbon soil amendment that retains water, microbes and nutrients. 3. Metallurgical char: high purity biochar can produce high purity steel with low carbon footprint. 4. Petcoke replacement for producers(titanium, Silicium Carbide) that require low sulfur petcoke. char with 2-20µm pores 5. BBQ-briquetes: char is superior to charcoal due to its higher carbon content and lower volatile content

13 History and role out: ongoing development towards biobased chemistry and de-central renewable gas First 3,5 MW gasifyer; lessons learned on feedstock stability, tars, slagging world s first large scale torrefaction plant(60kta). Awards from World Economic Forum, Bloomberg and WWF First pilot(2012) to proof non slagging tar free concept Built of 0,7 MW Demo plant at DNV-GL Proof of production at Demo scale Basic engineering of 25 MW gasifyer in Delfzijl 2016 Building & construction of 25 MW plant in Delfzijl (Netherlands) Commercial delivery of two small systems for small scale (1 and 3 MW) natural gas substitution. Integration of demo plant with (bio)-catalytic conversion reactor 2017 onwards Pressurized demo plant. Strong focus on R&D and reactor improvement Sale of commercial reactors for syngas production targeting both chemical market aswell natural gas and propane de-central substitution

14 Torrgas has a diverse base of stakeholders & investors, who have financially contributed to Torrgas projects.

15 Thank you for your attention