Green City Development in Brazil Preliminary Results from the NLTA. Catherine Lynch, Young Professional, OPCIL

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1 Green City Development in Brazil Preliminary Results from the NLTA Catherine Lynch, Young Professional, OPCIL January 31, 2011

2 Why a focus on green development in Brazilian cities?

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4 2016 Olympics

5 Storms and landslides

6 Objective: To provide initial policy inputs to the federal, state and municipal governments on strategies and policies for green cities environmentally sustainable and resilient cities Actions: Policy Paper on Cities and Climate Change in Brazil Policy paper on Sustainability of Low Income Housing SeminaronGreen Cities Study on transport and land use in São Paulo

7 Growth in GHG Emissions 80% Excluding LULUCF 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 20% Brazil Asia USA World EU Source: CAIT, World Resources Institute

8 What s behind this growth? WASTE: ENERGY: TRANSPORT: Waste represents a greater share of emissions in Brazilian cities than in other Residential end uses expected to be 11 times higher in 2030 than in 2009 Rapid growth due to increased motorization and congestion global cities industrial processes?

9 Tendency for sprawl in growing urban agglomerations Annua al Populatio on Growth 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% Maringa Sao Paulo Recife Belo Horizonte Belem Santos Salvador Porto Alegre Criciúma Fortaleza Curitiba Rio de Janeiro Ipatinga Itajai Brasilia Londrina Florianopolis li Joinville Blumenau Caixas do Sul 0% Sprawl Index (2000) Source: Adapted from Ojima, R. and D. Hogan (2007)

10 But, let s keep in mind that Brazilian cities have low per capita emissions 20 Per capita GHG emissions for select cities (ton of CO2e) Washington D C Frankfur rt Los Angele es Shangha ai Cape Tow Bangko New York Cit Beijin Torin Londo Pragu Madri Toky Barcelon Rio de Janeir Volta Redond Porto Alegr Sao Paul Belo Horizont n k y g o n e d o a o a e o e Palma as Goiani a Betim Source: Kennedy, C.A., Ramaswami, A., Carney, S., and Dhakal, S. Greenhouse Gas Emission Baselines for Global Cities and Metropolitan Regions (2009). Note: Belo Horizonte was added using data from their 2009 inventory. Volta Redonda, Porto Alegre, Palmas, and Betim were added using data from ICLEI.

11 But, let s keep in mind that Brazilian cities have low per capita emissions The key challenge is to keep emissions low as cities grow

12 Impacts of Climate Change in Brazilian Cities?

13 Brazilian cities are taking action Creation of special ilcommittees Inventories, mitigation goals, and reduction actions Limited i focus on vulnerability

14 An Emerging Framework PH HASE GHG Emissions Inventory Emissions Reduction Targets Vulnerability Assessment Climate Change Action Plan CO OMPONEN NTS Sector Transport Waste Energy Agriculture LULUCF Boundaries Municipality Metro Area Low carbon scenarios Cost benefit analysis Enforcement tool (law) Some cities could determine that they don t need reductions targets Impacts flooding Seal Level Rise Temperature Drought Vulnerabilities Infrastructure Assets Social Public Health Investments Timeframe Policies Roles and responsibilities CITIES Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Belo Horizonte Betim Porto Alegre Goiânia Volta Redonda Palmas Curitiba Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Betim Rio de Janeiro São Paulo

15 What can Brazilian cities do to mitigate GHG emissions? Sector Some Possible Actions Brazilian Examples Transport Land use and urban planning Energy Waste management Improve the efficiency and coverage of public transportation Restrictions on the use of private vehicles Promote mixed use, high density neighborhoods Diferentiate land use taxes Promote high energy efficiency standards in new public buildings Solar powered public lighting Solar water heating in social ilhousing programs Waste prevention programs Methane capture BRT in Curitiba Rodizio in Sao Paulo Noroeste neighborhood in Brasilia Ecological property tax (IPTU Ecológico) Urban Operations Conversion of public lighting in Belo Horizonte Biodiesel program in Belo Horizonte Solar water heating in MCMV São João and Bandeirantes landfills in SãoPaulo Urban forestry Tree and vegetation planting programs Rio Capital Verde

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17 What can Brazilian cities do to prepare for climate impacts? Climate Impact Impacted Urban Areas Some Measures Increased rainfall Southeastern Brazil, possibly including: São Control rainwater on site Paulo, Curitiba, Florianopolis, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro Improve the pu blic stormwater drainage system Change to land use Warning system Sea level rise Increase in surface temperature All low laying coastal cities, especially those with a concentrated urban population, possibly including: Rio de Janeiro, Recife, Porto Alegre, Santos, São Luis, Fortaleza Urban areas with predicted temperature increase over 4 degrees Celsius, such as: Manaus, Teresina, Palmas, Porto Velho Relocation of at risk dwellings Building code modifications Wetlands rehabilitation Beach nourishment Construction of dikes to protect roads Improved building design for hotter temperatures Installations of cool roofs Reductions in asphalted areas Increased vegetation and street trees Highly urbanized areas vulnerable to additional HIE, such as: Rio, São Paulo, Salvador Drought Cities in the Northeast Drought Polygon, such Reduce water consumption as: Teresina, Fortaleza, Natal Protect water supply Desalinizations Rainwater collection

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19 How will this happen? Focus on Co Benefits Category Measure Climate Change Issue Co benefit Accessibility Improved public transport Mitigation Reduction in travel time and cost of transport for low income people Housing Public space/ urban environment Construction improvements in social ilhousing Adaptation and Mitigation Better quality of housing materials Design that is sensitive ii to local l climate (breeze and daylight) Reduced energy expense Increase personal safety from flood risk ik Tree and vegetation Mitigation and Adaptation Improved access to green space planting programs Improved air quality and temperature Reduced dheat island effect benefits the elderly and outdoor workers

20 How will this happen? Institutional Coordination Many players and layers Need to clarify roles Better inter sectoral coordination Metropolitan collaboration is extremely important

21 Brazilian cities have the oportunity to act now to create a more sustainable future

22 Obrigada!