bio-oil produced from composted lignocellulosic biomass
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1 bio-oil produced from composted lignocellulosic biomass D. Kpogbemabou, R. Beauchet, L. Pinard, L. Lemée Athens
2 Climate change The earth s atmosphere is growing warmer due to GHG emissions generated by human activity 1997 Cop 21, industrialized countries committed to reduce GHG emissions gradually stop using fossil resources for energy increase the use of renewable energy
3 Alternative to fossil fuel First-generation biofuels Esters (bio diesel) from seed oil Bioethanol from cereals and sugar crops Conflict with human food chain Second-generation biofuels produced from agricultural waste, non food crops, forest residue Athens
4 Biomass potential Represents 236 million toe in EU 13 % of EU primary energy needs (1.8 billion toe in 2020) 80 % of the biomass is ligno-cellulosic biomass difficult to convert due to high O content Athens
5 Lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel High quality bio oil: Thermochemical conversion High Heating Value (HHV) >40MJ.Kg 1 Oxygen content <6%dry weight Hydrogen/Carbon >1.5 V = wt %(C) wt % (H) wt %(0)/8 Van Krevelen s diagram Athens
6 Hydroliquefaction Heated H 2 pressurised reactor Gas (CO, CO 2 ) water Solvolysis oil depolymerisation deoxygenation hydrogenation Residue Athens
7 Objective Improve the conversion of ligno-cellulosic biomass into a low oxygen content bio-oil Ligno-cellulosic biomass biological pre-treatment Catalytic hydroliquefaction Bio oil Athens
8 Operating conditions for biological pretreatment Initial mixture air input 250 L/h Thermocouple (temperature) air output biomass 85L isothermal steel made reactor forced aeration moisture adjusted to 60% metal grid Biodegradation reactor leachate Lemée, et al. Biological pretreatment for production of lignocellulosic biofuel. Bioresource Technology (2012) 117, Athens
9 Physico-chemical parameters days Athens
10 Chemical fractionation Biomass CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH Lipids organo-soluble residue HCl Humic acids/fulvic acids «fulvic Acids» acido-soluble NaOH «Humin» «humic Acids» Complexification of Organic Matte alcalino-soluble Athens
11 GCMS analysis of lipids : branched fatty acids (i,a C15 et C17 ) of bacterial origin C16 i : a : ( )n COOH ( )n COOH Branched/linear fatty acids C16 rc16 C16: 1 ic15 ac1 C14 5 C15 ic17 ac1 7 C17 C18: 1 C18 Days Temps (min) stabilisation after 36 days Temps (min) Athens
12 Operating conditions for hydroliquefaction 300 ml Batch reactor 4g biomass 1g catalyst 70g tetralin 4000 ml reactor Temperature : C initialh 2 Pressure : 16 bar Catalyst:Raney Ni Hydrogen donor solvent : tetralin Beauchet et al. Hydroliquefaction of green wastes to produce fuels. Bioresource Technology (2011) 102, Athens
13 Influence of the catalyst Poor effect on conversion rate and oil yield Increase the hydrogen transfer : lower O% and best HHV for 400 C Oxygen content (%) Raney Ni Without catalyst HHV (MJ/Kg) Temperature ( C) Temperature ( C) Athens
14 Influence of the composting pretreatment Low impact on conversion rate 90% ; Oxygen content 8%, HHV 39 MJ/kg High impact on oil yield, hexane soluble fraction and hydrocarbons distribution Biomass days Bio oil 85d amount Athens
15 Bio oil from humic substances 1 0,8 Lip HA FA Humin Lipides Acides Humiques Acides Fulviques Humine Hexane soluble fraction Quantités (ppm) ,6 0,4 FA HA Humin 100% 67% 74% 0,2 Biomass 90% Jours amount Humin : up to 78% of composted biomass Good conversion rate Leads to highest oil and alkanes amount mee et al. Evaluation of humic fractions potential to produce bio-oil through catalytic hydroliquefaction, Bioresource Technology (2013) 149, Athens
16 Conclusion The combination of biological pretreatment and hydroliquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass leads to good quality bio oil Best conditions for hydroliquefaction C - Raney Ni - 15 min. Influence of biological pretreatment : - oil yield increase with composting time - Maximum soluble fraction for 22 days - distribution of alkanes similar to fossil fuel Humin increases with biodegradation represents the Best compromise in term of reactivity, quantity and quality of bio oil Athens
17 Thanks for your attention Athens
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